"In friction mode?" If you mean using friction shifters, like bar end
shifters, with a 10 speed cassette, why not? the distance from the
small to large cog is the same as on a 9 speed cassette. It is the
distance between the cogs that is different.
And, yes friction shifters will certainly shift 10 speeds very well.
In fact with friction shifters I can switch wheels, one with a 9 speed
cassette and one with a 10 speed cassette and not have to make any
adjustments at all. No change in limit stops whatsoever.
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Cheers,
John B.