"PStamler" <
psta...@pobox.com> wrote in message
news:c697ecf1-c5cb-460f...@t6g2000pba.googlegroups.com...
>> It is alleged that even fairly benign speakers such as AR3s would force
>> the
>> protective circuits to react audibly.
> AR3s weren't all that benign. First off, they had unusually low
> sensitivity, meaning they needed more voltage than yer average speaker
> to produce a given SPL.
Right. First off there wasn't just one AR3. The product's technical details
drifted somewhat even prior to the introduction of the AR3a. By modern
standards it was pretty efficient, but in a world that still had a lot of
604s, JBL component-series speakers with horns and high-effeciency woofers,
Altec Voice of the Theatre, and EV Patricians, they had low effciency and
low impedance.
> Second, trey were nominally 4 ohms, in an era when 8 ohm speakers were
> the norm, and they could dip down to 3 ohms at some frequencies,
> meaning they also needed a lot of current to produce a given SPL.
If your standard for a woofer was a D130 or the LF half a 604, then the AR3
was pretty intimidating. But, there were some bad-boy speakers in those
days like the Quad, Janzen, KLH and Crown electrostats.
> Finally, it was the beginning of the era when rock music was taken
> seriously by audio fans, who had mostly listened to classical, jazz
> and Persuasive Percussion.
Right. Since you and I both lived then we know that part of the Command
Records formula was lots of mid-bass and midrange, but no real bass. The
politely- played string bass and drum kits on most jazz recordings were also
light on real bass.
> In his excellent book on solid-state power
> amp design, Bob Cordell discusses how repeated low-frequency signals
> (read: kickdrum hits) can interact with the back-EMF from an
> underdamped woofer (the AR speakers had a Qtc of 1.1, meaning they
> were mildly underdamped) to make the speaker draw a good deal more
> current than its nominal impedance rating would imply. The AR3s, when
> hit by kickdrum-type signals, demanded current levels corresponding to
> an effective load impedance of 1-1.5 ohms.
There were some odd nonlinear things that happened when voice coils were
forced out of the magnetic field and then suddenly popped back in. A voice
coil out of its magnetic field generates no counter-EMF, and so its
impedance is very low - basically DCR. Negative resistance effects are
possible with highly nonlinear loads.
> Most of the craze for super-powered amplifiers in the 1970s (think
> Phase Linear, Ampzilla, etc.) was fueled by the desire to drive AR-
> type speakers to high volumes on rock music. It took a while for folks
> to realize that current delivery mattered more than raw power, and
> that an amp which voltage-clipped at, say, 100W (but with ample
> current capability) could do as well as a "700W" amplifier. I have
> such an amp (from Parasound) in the other room, and it will drive just
> about anything happily. Doesn't burn up, either.
Things really changed rapidly across those days. Tubed amps could be hurt by
running hard open-circuited, but shorts and low impedance loads didn't seem
to really bother them much. A really huge tubed amp was 60 wpc. Many of the
second generation SS amps started at 30-40 watts and ran up to 150-350 wpc.
Some could be killed instantly by a hard short. I fried an early Heathkit SS
amp with my roomates AR-3s.
Push on a speaker harder, and it fights back harder. AFAIK the SOA of a
tube is near-infinite, while the SOA of the early SS power devices was a bad
joke. The big amps of the day had half or less the SOA than modern amps
with the same power output. Development of SS devices that could handle big
reactive loads was stimulated by automotive electronic ignition systems and
computer hard drive voice coil drivers.