Pretty sure you are all saying the same thing differently.
Bill's method is just fine I bet and is probably the same method as Shimano documents, but with a different baseline for what a link is, regardless of what is technically correct.
I checked the Shimano site and they show every rivet as a link count where I suspect both Bill and I have always considered a link to be a full plate with a leading loop perhaps (2-3 links in Shimano doc). The Shimano interpretation seems odd to me but what seems clear is the picture of their 5 links plus a quick-link looks like big/big+2 to me. Next time I pull a chain, I guess I will verify if 116L is # of plates or rivets...whatever...
2 full plates and an open loop for my quick-link is always where I start and if I can remove a plate later to optimize, great, if not I am probably about perfect already.
I do also have 2 x 1x Hardtails and both were sized with what I define as big/big+2 per above and setup is about perfect.
Just my thoughts. Hope that helps...
-Justus
Mpls, MN