The Oil Painting Knowledge Introduction

[Xslam]

The new tendency of the development of oil painting in 19th century is
in the reformation of the oil painting color. The English artist
J.Constable was the earliest artist to do painting out door and gains
a lot of sense of the colors. He used the small brush to combine and
mix the colors to make the bright color block. His picture is much
brighter than the classical brown tone. The complementary
color¡ªcolors of two polars can improve the brightness and intensity
when they are placed together, which theory is proved by the science
later. But J.Constable knows this theory according to his observation
from nature and practices it in the nature. His works enlighten the
French artist E.ugne Delacoix, whose creation is dominated by the
Romanticism and is huge theme painting about the historical events at
his time. The more application of the complementary color in the color
expression in his creation and the use of active strokes form the
color contrast at many parts of painting and increase the brightness
and braveness of the color, which shakes the style of art circle at
that time.
Many artists of French Barbizon Art School created their landscape
painting under the natural condition. They realized the relationship
among lamp-house color, inherent color and surrounding color and the
important meaning for the color tone to indicate the time,
environment, atmosphere, to foil the art theme and to construct the
painting artistic conception and sentiment. A large amount of their
landscape paintings created the color atmosphere of the wind, rain,
morning and evening in the nature. On the above base, the artists of
French Impressionism make innovation in the application of color. They
assimilate the knowledge from Optics and Coloration of Chemistry and
solve the color problem by the theory of color light mixture. Alfred
Sisley, C. Monet and other artist captured the instant color
impression from the changing light on the surface of the scenery. They
juxtaposed the contrasting colors by thick paint of scrappy brush
strokes and they realized the changing of dark side and shadow do not
just come from the depth of black color, so they changed the
traditional way to use the single color to paint the dark side and
apply the juxtaposing of the spot contrasting colors. Because of the
biologic effect of the eyesight, the juxtaposed spot colors looked
like the transparent color block with tendency of cold and warm tone
and thus the delicate transition was formed. The Impressionism
weakened the sense of the volume of the scenery and strengthened the
color factors. It didn` t depend on the light and shade and the line
to construct the space any more, while it created the space by the
light reflection theory and the cold and warm colors. The works of
Impressionism produces the unprecedented vividness and brilliance and
it also indicates the comprehensive as well as pure expressive force
of the color.
There appear the genres which held the bright art claims in the area
of European oil painting in 19th century. Although their claims are
mainly indicated in the art theme and art contents, there are also
many different oil painting techniques.creation tone and emulsion
stuff For example, Neoclassicism stressed on the precise and
stability of the image-building and the accordance of the image-
building principle with traditional classicality, Romanticism focused
on the tragic subject and tried best to create the tense sense of the
plot in the picture by color, brush stroke factor and moving line of
composition of the picture and the Pre-Raphael School emphasized on
the feeling expression of the characters in painting and most
paintings applied the blue, purple and green tone to construct sad and
still artistic conception.
Although the modern oil paintings were much more abundant, they all
have the common true-life characteristic.An oil painting is the unity
for the art forms. Its main color tone control all colors in every
part. The colors in every part becomes harmonious each other in
transition and there is not single color block. The brushwork is
basically used in image-building, its indication on painting is not
very clear and it is united in wove tendency of some kind brief or
bending cloth. The depicted objects were united in the central focus
of the composition of the picture and formed the same result of the
true vision.

In the end of 19th century, the fundamental change took place in the
western oil painting. copy point and classicality The narrow art
function and incorporate realistic approach of the traditional oil
painting had reached to its saturated degree and came toward
disintegration in the transformation of philosophy and art concept. To
imitate and reappear of the nature was not more the artistic principle
of oil paintings. Free creation of the oil painting was taken as the
new verity by the artists. The artists will not use the oil painting
to depict the nature any more, while they used it as the media to
express their mental and emotional world and created works by
imagination and fantasy. The last three artists of Impressionism had
abandoned the traditional mode of oil painting firstly. Vincent Van
Gogh expressed the tension in the heart by using the rush strokes to
strengthen the force of the thick and bright color. P. Gauguin
constructed the picture by the symbolic color and image. The space of
the works was disobeyed the traditional mode and bore mysterious
atmosphere without description. Paul Cezanne explored to build up the
art image with geometric figures and created the painting as a world
with its own order. Their works became the symbol of the upheaval of
oil paintings..

In the 20th century, different art concepts formed different genres
for the oil painting which limits the art form to develop into multi-
directions. oil protrail and painting from the photo Some factors
of the traditional oil painting techniques are always intensified as
the form of the art concepts, or even be pushed to the extremity. The
oil painting form language is paid by great attention. For example,
the Cubism, neglecting colors and commtting to free construction o the
body, the expressionism, indicating the mental distortion by colors
and strokes , the nonobjectivism, constructing the painting just by
spots, lines, and surface of the color and the abstract expressionism,
throwing, spilling, drooping the paint on canvas freely. Protect pet
portrait photos into painting During the recent one hundred years,
there are numerous genres of western oil paintings, which replaced one
by one successively. As long as take the oil painting tools as the
medium for image-building, the artists can create on oil painting
arbitrarily.With the continuing expansion in art concept, the oil
painting material combines with the other kind painting material and
thus creates the comprehensive art which doesn` t belong to any kind
of the painting. Thus little by little oil painting loses its status
as the main kind of painting in the western world.