ARCHAEOLOGY: ANTHROPOLOGY: PALEONTOLOGY: GENEALOGY: HISTORY: CULTURE: ART:

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ARCHEOLOGY:  ANTHROPOLOGY: PALEONTOLOGY: 
GENEALOGY:  HISTORY:  CULTURE:  ART:  GENETICS:
The Bradshaw Foundation


Bradshaw Foundation -
Rock Art Archaeology Anthropology
http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/

Who were our ancestors? From where did we originate?
If we came out of Africa, what factors governed our
routes? And when? Now finally this interactive map
reveals an exciting journey of opportunity and survival,
confirmed by genetic science and documented by
ancient rock art.

The Bradshaw Foundation, in association with Stephen
Oppenheimer, presents a virtual global journey of modern
man over the last 160,000 years. The map will show
for the first time the interaction of migration and climate
over this period. We are the descendants of a few small
groups of tropical Africans who united in the face of
adversity, not only to the point of survival but to the
development of a sophisticated social interaction and
culture expressed through many forms. Based on a
synthesis of the mtDNA and Y chromosome evidence
with archaeology, climatology and fossil study, Stephen
Oppenheimer has tracked the routes and timing of
migration, placing it in context with ancient rock art
around the world.

Bradshaw Foundation Site Map / Directory

An alphabetical listing of sections & pages on
the Bradshaw Foundation Site:-.

Anthropology

Ancient Fossil (News Article) - Palaeontologists
searching in central Ethiopia have unearthed the
fossilised bones of a 5.5 million-year-old creature
that appears to be our oldest human ancestor.

Anglia Man - Research in East Anglia in England,
analysis of bones found two decades ago show that
human beings have been living in Britain for up to
200,000 years longer than has generally been thought.

Earliest known Human Ancestor Discovery (News
Article) - A skull discovered in the deserts of Central
Africa belongs to our earliest known human ancestor.
Our scientists hope that it will supply a missing link
in evolution..

Hobbit (News Article) NEW - Homo floresiensis,
dubbed ‘the hobbit’ by the media, has arrived in Oxford.
A replica of the skull of this recently described diminutive
species of the genus Homo, to which we, Homo sapiens,
belong, is currently on display in the University Museum
of Natural History.

Homo floresiensis (News Article) - For the last 10
years Dr. Mike Morwood and his colleagues have been
searching the island of Flores for archaeological evidence
of the passage of Australia's Aboriginal ancestors as
they passed along the Indonesian chain of islands
towards the sub-continent.

Human Evolution - Late Pleistocene Human Population
Bottlenecks, Volcanic Winter, and Differentiation of Modern
Humans. Professor Stanley H. Ambrose. Department of
Anthropology, University Of Illinois, Urbana, Usa.

Journey of Mankind NEW - In a major new addition to
the Bradshaw Foundation website the Journey of Mankind
genetic map, based on the work of Professor Stephen
Oppenheimer, exploring the peopling of world over the
last 160,000 years.

New World Ancestors Lose 12,000 Years (News Article) -
Scientists studying the genetic signatures of Siberians
and American Indians have found evidence that the first
human migrations to the New World from Siberia probably
occurred no earlier than 18,000 years ago.

Not Out of Africa - Dr Alan Thorne's theory of Regional
Continuity, challenging ideas about Human Evolution.

Oldest Human Remains (News Article) - The oldest
known fossils of modern human have been discovered
in Ethiopia. The skulls of two adults and a child dating
from 160,000 years ago

Science Magazine (News Article) NEW - A recent
paper published in 'Science' by Vincent Macaulay and
an international team of researchers including Professor
Stephen Oppenheimer of Green College, Oxford, provides
irrefutable evidence of the early timing and southern
location of the only migration out of Africa to succeed
and give rise to all modern non-African peoples.

Shell Beads - Middle Stone Age (News Article) -
The remarkable discovery of a collection of 41 perforated
shell beads from the Middle Stone Age at the Blombos
Cave site near Cape Town South Africa has been dated
at 75,000 BP making them 30,000 years older than the
cave paintings of Chauvet in the Ardeche area of France.

The Unambal - An Account of Doctor Andreas Lommel's
studies in 1938 of the Tribe of Aborigines living in North
West Australia. A bridged from UNAMBAL by Dr Andreas
Lommel.

Tools & Meat Eating (News Article) - New finds from
Ethiopia have shown that the world's oldest stone tools
were made by hominids that selected their raw materials
carefully and understood how they could be used.

Archaeology

Blombos Cave (News Article) - Small and portable, a
red ochre stone is engraved with what must be "tally"
marks. It is one of two such stones recently found in
the Blombos Cave in South Africa.

Temples of Malta & Gozo - The Oldest Buildings in
the Mediterranean are found in Malta dating back to
5000 BC. Older than the Pyramids of Egypt.

Migration

1491 - In March 2002 issue of The Atlantic Monthly
there was an article by Charles Mann headed simply
1491. It is an account of what America was like before
Columbus arrived.

Hand Paintings - This section records ancient hand
imprints from around the world, including Australia, France,
Borneo, South & North America, and examples of present
day use of the hand symbol in modern society.

Journey of Mankind NEW - In a major new addition
to the Bradshaw Foundation website the Journey of
Mankind genetic map, based on the work of Professor
Stephen Oppenheimer, exploring the peopling of world
over the last 160,000 years.

Thor Heyerdahl - Sea Routes to Polynesia. Extracts
from lectures by Thor Heyerdahl, including Easter Island,
Cocos Island, Balsa Raft Navigation, Ocean Routes and
the Kon Tiki.

Rock Art

African Rock Art - David Coulson, is probably the
leading photographer of African Rock Art. On this site
are a selection of 20 of his photgraphs covering all of
Africa.

Baja & Coso - This section covers two of the most
important Rock Art sites in North America, the Baja
Peninsula and the Coso Range.

Bolivian Rock Art - SIARB (Sociedad de Investigacion
del Arte Rupestre de Bolivia) was founded in 1987. This
section covers their work recording and publishing
information on rock art sites in Bolivia.

Bozeman Symposium (News Article) - A public
symposium on the world's oldest rock art, co-hosted
by the Bradshaw Foundation, the Center for Computational
Biology and the Montana State University.

Bradshaw Paintings - The Bradshaw Paintings have
now been dated at a minimum of 17 000 years old.
They are only found in the Northwest corner of Australia.

Campeche Island - Keler Lucas has recorded hundreds
of unique Petroglyphs and Rock Art carvings on this tiny
island off the coast of southern Brazil. The island has
now been declared a National Heritage Park.

Campeche Island Discovery (News Article) - The
Bradshaw Foundation sent their Project Controller Cathy
Hefner Urice to meet Keler Lucas so he could show
her the amazing discovery he made last year on Little
Sister Island, Brazil.

Chauvet Cave - Join Bradshaw Co-ordinator John
Robinson, on what he describes as 'one of the greatest
artistic experiences of his life', as he visits the Chauvet
Cave in France.

Chauvet Cave (News Article) - Members of the Bradshaw
Foundation investigate the ancient rock art of the Chauvet
Cave, under the guidance of the Founding Project Director
Dr. Jean Clottes

Chauvet Cave (News Article) - Return to the Chauvet
Cave. A wonderful new book by Dr Jean Clottes on the
Chauvet Cave, has been published in English, featuring
209 illustrations, 208 in colour.

Chauvet Photograph Gallery - Collection of paintings
from the Chauvet Cave together with commentaries. Requires
that you have the Flash plug-in installed on your browser.

Cosquer Cave NEW - IVisit the cave beneath the sea as
Jean Clottes, Jean Courtin and Luc Vanrell explore the
Rock Art of Cosquer Cave in Marseille, France..

Creswell Crags (News Article) - Since the announcement
of our discovery of palaeolithic parietal engravings in
Church Hole cave, Creswell Crags (Nottinghamshire)
(Bahn et al. 2003), a great deal of new research has
been carried out, and the number and importance of
figures detected in this site have increased dramatically.

Cussac Cave (News Article) - Cussac Cave discovery
announced this month near Bordeaux in the Dordogne,
France. Paintings and human bones could be 28,000
years old.

Easter Island - A photographic record of the Bradshaw
Foundation's visit to see the amazing sculptures of the
Island under the guidance of Dr Georgia Lee.

El Salvador (News Article) - Preservation and Protection
of the Corinto Cave Rock Art - Gruta del Espiritu Santo -
in the Morazan district of El Salvador.

French Paleolithic Art - A recently published paper
by Dr. Jean Clottes provides a definitive & comprehensive
analysis of the Palaeolithic rock art discoveries so far
made in France.

Giraffe Carving - An account of the project to take a
mould of the amazing Giraffe carvings found in the Sahara
Desert, Niger, Africa, and to carry out a programme of
preservation and protection.

Indian Rock Art NEW - Indian Rock Art is perhaps
not as well known as it should be; in a recent field trip
Dr Jean Clottes visits the spectacular Rock Art of
Central India.

Inora NEW - International Newsletter On Rock Art
edited by Dr Jean Clottes is now available online at
www.inoraonline.org

Rock Art Research Institute - The work of the
Witwatersrand University Rock Art Research Institute
(RARI) in South Africa. Renowned for its research
and publications on Rock Art.

Santa Catarina Rock Art Discovery (News Article) -
Keler Lucas has found a incredibly important new kind
of rock art in Santa Catarina. It consists of different
kinds of faces, similar to the rock art from the north
of Venezuela and from the Caribbean Islands.

Tanzania - Despite its significant position astride the
most important rock art regions of Africa, the study
of rock art in Tanzania is relatively new. This section
features sites in Singida and the Lake Eyasi Basin.

Tibet Rock Art - A report by Bradshaw Foundation
President Robert A. Hefner III on his visit to view the
Rock Art of Lake Namtso, one of two principal holy
lakes in Tibet.

Twyfelfontein, Namibia - Maarten van Hoek's
extensive survey covering the possible relations in
rock art between cupules and animal imagery at
Twyfelfontein in Namibia. A comprehensive and overdue
update of the material from 1975.

Western Central Africa - Documented by Dr Richard
Oslisly this section covers the Rock Art of Western
Central Africa. Locations include: Gabon, Central
African Republic, Cameroon and Congo.


Also see:

Earth timeline
Moebius spike - Old stone age
(500,000 - 10,000 BP)
http://www.moebius.nl/content/view/112/279/


From the Linda Bee Archaeology Collection of Resources
From the Linda Bee Anthropology Collection of Resources
From the Linda Bee Paleontology Collection of Resources
From the Linda Bee Genealogy Collection of Resources
From the Linda Bee History Collection of Resources
From the Linda Bee Culture Collection of Resources
From the Linda Bee Art Collection of Resources
From the Linda Bee Reference Collection of Resources

Linda Bee
Temple Terrace, FL

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Archaeology is the Peeping Tom of the sciences.  It is
the sandbox of men who care not where they are going;
they merely want to know where everyone else has been.
- Jim Bishop