The garbage collection seems very likely - I switched to a higher memory instance and things seem like they're going faster and smoother.
The index seems to be fine, output below.
At this point I'm just moving on with the new setup and making sure to backup frequently, so I'm not going to worry about this issue too much. Thanks for all the help!
ubuntu@ip-10-170-99-9:/mnt/neo4j-community-1.8.M06/data-old/graph.db$ java -cp ../../lib/lucene-core-3.5.0.jar -ea:org.apache.lucene... org.apache.lucene.index.CheckIndex index/lucene/node/apps/ -fix
Opening index @ index/lucene/node/apps/
Segments file=segments_3 numSegments=2 version=3.5 format=FORMAT_3_1 [Lucene 3.1+]
1 of 2: name=_2xr8 docCount=123355
compound=false
hasProx=true
numFiles=8
size (MB)=7.114
diagnostics = {mergeFactor=10, os.version=2.6.32-345-ec2, os=Linux, lucene.version=3.5.0 1204988 - simon - 2011-11-22 14:46:51, source=merge, os.arch=i386, mergeMaxNumSegments=-1, java.version=1.6.0_20, java.vendor=Sun Microsystems Inc.}
no deletions
test: open reader.........OK
test: fields..............OK [2 fields]
test: field norms.........OK [2 fields]
test: terms, freq, prox...OK [246705 terms; 246710 terms/docs pairs; 246710 tokens]
test: stored fields.......OK [246710 total field count; avg 2 fields per doc]
test: term vectors........OK [0 total vector count; avg 0 term/freq vector fields per doc]
2 of 2: name=_2xr9 docCount=1
compound=true
hasProx=true
numFiles=1
size (MB)=0
diagnostics = {os.version=2.6.32-345-ec2, os=Linux, lucene.version=3.5.0 1204988 - simon - 2011-11-22 14:46:51, source=flush, os.arch=i386, java.version=1.6.0_20, java.vendor=Sun Microsystems Inc.}
no deletions
test: open reader.........OK
test: fields..............OK [2 fields]
test: field norms.........OK [2 fields]
test: terms, freq, prox...OK [2 terms; 2 terms/docs pairs; 2 tokens]
test: stored fields.......OK [2 total field count; avg 2 fields per doc]
test: term vectors........OK [0 total vector count; avg 0 term/freq vector fields per doc]
No problems were detected with this index.