Hi Daniel,
The assertion indicates that the number of duplicates met or exceeded 1000000. In addition, there's a comment in the source that says, "we could queue these on disk, but normally there are very few dups, so instead we keep in ram and have a limit." (where the limit == 1000000), so it might be best to start with an empty collection, ensureIndex with {dropDups: true}, and reimport the actual documents.
Let us know if that works better for you.
-Stephen