Life is for moral, ethical and truthful living.
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The two parables relate to the relationship between Jesus' teaching and traditional Judaism.[3] According to some interpreters, Jesus here "pits his own, new way against the old way of thePharisees and their scribes."[2] In the early second century, Marcion, founder of Marcionism, used the passage to justify a "total separation between the religion that Jesus and Paul espoused and that of the Hebrew Scriptures."[4]
Other interpreters see Luke as giving Christianity roots in Jewish antiquity,[2] although "Jesus has brought something new, and the rituals and traditions of official Judaism cannot contain it."[5]
In his commentary on Matthew, Mark, and Luke,[6] John Calvin states that the old wineskins and the old garment represent Jesus' disciples, and the new wine and unshrunk cloth represent the practice of fasting twice a week. Fasting this way would be burdensome to the new disciples, and would be more than they could bear.[7]
Both the suggestion that Christianity was being presented as something that Judaism "cannot contain" (France[5]), and that Jesus was worried about burdening his disciples (Calvin[7]), present additional problems which are difficult to reconcile with other New Testament teaching. Christianity was very much "contained" within Judaism, at least it was in the Jerusalem church, for decades, and Jesus' description of his yoke is that it is "easy" and "light" (Matt 11:30).
The metaphors in the two parables were drawn from contemporary culture.[3] New cloth had not yet shrunk, so that using new cloth to patch older clothing would result in a tear as it began to shrink.[8] Similarly, old wineskins had been "stretched to the limit"[8] or become brittle[3] as wine had fermented inside them; using them again therefore risked bursting them.[8]
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