Yes to all, assuming you mean through the plugins or dependencies sections vs. pluginManagement and dependencyManagement, which are different. I'm not sure what you mean by "implicitly declares its parent as a dependency." In any case, I suggest experimenting with mvn help:effective-pom in your child projects to get some insight into how maven merges the poms from the child up through the super pom.
The following chapter of the sonatype maven book is relevant to your questions:
http://www.sonatype.com/books/maven-book/reference/pom-relationships-sect-project-inheritance.html
In fact, the entire book is a good maven reference.