Anuttama devi dasi
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to Prabhupadanuga
Below is an article submitted to the Sun, cut an pasted, but it came
out better on the e-mail where I recieived I got because the changes
were in bold letters and the side-by-side comparisons were in
columns. So you might want to read it in the Sun, too.
It's Your Call
BY: RUPANUGA DAS (ACBSP)
Feb 19, FLORIDA, USA (SUN) — Part I
One way to consider whether the revisions published in the 1983
version of the Bhagavad-gita As It Is were necessary is to make a side-
by-side comparison of those revisions with the first edition text as
published by Macmillan Co. in 1972. It was that text or manuscript to
which Srila Prabhupada affixed his seal of approval: "I have received
your letter dated May 26, 1972, along with the blue-print copies of
Bhagavad-gita As It Is from the Macmillan Company. It is very nice. So
I shall be looking forward to seeing the entire manuscript and book
sometime around first July, 1972." (Letter to Jayadvaita, May 28,
1972) Macmillan had previously published a heavily abridged paperback
edition, and as Srila Prabhupada later wrote: "I was not very happy,
therefore, when I had to minimize our original manuscript." (Preface,
1972 edition) He was glad to see that Macmillan was publishing his
entire manuscript in book form at last.
Srila Prabhupada had been closely monitoring both the preparation
of the manuscript and the contract with Macmillan. On February 9, 1972
he had written: "I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated
February 9, 1972, along with the two copies of the Macmillan Co.
contract. As per your instructions I have initialed same wherever your
own initials have appeared. I noticed that in the carbon copy
contract, you neglected to initial the last clause (b) of section XX
Special Provisions, although you had done so on the original copy. In
addition I have the phrase to XII Competative Material as follows, "as
well as the 48 pages of illustrations for which the Author reserves
the right to publish for any purpose he may determine…" (Letter to
Rupanuga, February 22, 1972).
This letter illustrates Srila Prabhupada's supervision of details.
Another example, regarding the purposes in the 1972 manuscript being
prepared for Macmillan: "So far changing the wording in the verse or
purport of 12:12 as described before, it may remain as it is." (Letter
to Jayadvaita, March, 1972) Interestingly, three words in that purport
to 12:12, last, regulated and state, were changed against these
instructions – after Srila Prabhupada's disappearance – during the
revision process.
Srila Prabhupada commented in Vrndavan (June 27, 1977), "What can
I do? Ultimate, it goes for editorial. They make changes, such
changes." Obviously, Srila Prabhupada is referring here to unnecessary
changes out of his control, not all changes. Editing means to make
changes, but everyone makes mistakes particular to their service, and
the particular mistake that editors tend to commit is the unnecessary
changes or hyper-editing of content. And in this case – the 1983 Gita
revisions – without the author's option to review any changes while he
was present.
Therefore, notwithstanding the sworn Internet testimonials of
various ISKCON officials or reviewers, the technique of rummaging
previous drafts or tapes to justify all the changes in a printed book
appears dubious – in the absence of a clear directive for such a
procedure from the author, Srila Prabhupada.
Be that as it may, in Srila Prabhupada's absence a side-by-side
comparison of purports from the two editions can be made by the light
of his clear instructions: "Our editing is to correct grammar and
spelling errors only, without interpolation of philosophy or
style." (Letter to Rupanuga, 1970) Also, Srila Prabhupada had warned
the original editor of his 1972 manuscript, Hayagriva das, that he
should be careful not to make needless changes in Srila Prabhupada's
purports, his "personal ecstasies."
Random House's authoritative Webster's College Dictionary (2005
ed.) defines interpolation: 'to introduce (something additional or
extraneous) between other things or parts; interject; interpose; to
alter (a text) by the insertion of new matter, esp. deceptively or
without authorization to insert (new, or spurious matter) in this
manner."
The following two columns of excerpts are from purports only,
example arranged in a way to make a simple comparison between the two
editions. It's up to the reader to judge by the result whether Srila
Prabhupada's instructions are followed in these revisions of his
"personal ecstasies." 'Personal ecstasies' mean that Srila Prabhupada
is giving vijnana or realized knowledge. As he said, "My purports are
liked by people because it is presented as practical experience." (May
23, 1977, Vrindavan)
Bhagavad-gita 2.18 First Edition
…Arjuna was advised to fight and to sacrifice the material body
for the cause of religion.
Bhagavad-gita 2.18 Revised Edition
…Arjuna was advised to fight and notsacrifice the cause of
religion for material, bodily considerations.
Bhagavad-gita 3.20 First Edition
…Being a great devotee of the Lord, he was transcendentally
situated, but because he was the king of Mithila (a subdivision of
Behar province in India), he had to teach his subjects how to fight
righteously in battle.He and his subjects fought to teach people in
general that violence is also necessary in a situation where good
arguments fail.
Bhagavad-gita 3.20 Revised Edition
…Being a great devotee of the Lord, he was transcendentally
situated, but because he was the king of Mithila (a subdivision of
Behar province in India), he had to teach his subjects how to perform
prescribed duties. Lord Krsna and Arjuna, the Lord's eternal friend,
had no need to fight in the Battle of Kuruksetra, but they fought to
teach people in general that violence is also necessary in a situation
where good arguments fail.
Bhagavad-gita 4.10 First Edition
…One has to get rid of all three stages of attachment to the
material world: negligence of spiritual life, fear of a spiritual
personal identity, and the conception of void thatunderlies the
frustration of life.
Bhagavad-gita 4.10 Revised Edition
…One has to get rid of all three stages of attachment to the
material world: negligence of spiritual life, fear of a spiritual
personal identity, and the conception of void thatarises from
frustration in life.
Bhagavad-gita 4.10 First Edition
…So, by the slow process of devotional service, under the guidance
of the bona fide spiritual master, one can attain the highest stage,
being freed from all material attachment, from the fearfulness of
one's individual spiritual personality, an from the frustrations
resulting from void philosophy. Then one can ultimately attain to the
abode of the Supreme Lord.
Bhagavad-gita 4.10 Revised Edition
…So, by the slow process of devotional service, under the guidance
of the bona fide spiritual master, one can attain the highest stage,
being freed from all material attachment, from the fearfulness of
one's individual spiritual personality, an from the frustrations that
result in void philosophy. Then one can ultimately attain to the abode
of the Supreme Lord.
Bhagavad-gita 4.34 First Edition
…Therefore, mental speculation or dry arguments cannot help one
progress in spiritual life. One has to approach a bona fide spiritual
master to receive the knowledge.
Bhagavad-gita 4.34 Revised Edition
…Therefore, mental speculation or dry arguments cannot help lead
one to the right path. Nor by independent study of books of knowledge
can one progress in spiritual life.One has to approach a bona fide
spiritual master to receive the knowledge.
Bhagavad-gita 5.12 First Edition
…The person who is attached to Krsna and works for Him only is
certainly a liberated person, and he is not anxious for fruitive
rewards.
Bhagavad-gita 5.12 Revised Edition
…The person who is attached to Krsna and works for Him only is
certainly a liberated person, and he has no anxiety over the results
of his work..
Bhagavad-gita 5.16 First Edition
…Therefore one has to seek out such a bona fide spiritual master
and, under him, learn what Krsna consciousness is. The spiritual
master can drive away all nescience, as the sun drives away darkness.
Bhagavad-gita 5.16 Revised Edition
…Therefore one has to seek out such a bona fide spiritual master
and, under him, learn what Krsna consciousness is, for Krsna
consciousness will certainly drive away all nescience, as the sun
drives away darkness.
Bhagavad-gita 7.6 First Edition
…A fragmental part and parcel of the Lord, namely the living
entity, may by manipulation of material energy construct a skyscraper,
a factory, or city, but he cannot create matter out of nothing, and he
certainly cannot construct a planet or a universe. The cause of the
universe is the Supersoul. Krsna, the supreme creator of all
individual souls and the original cause of all causes, as the Katha
Upanisad (2.2.13) confirms. Nityo nityanam cetanas cetananam.
Bhagavad-gita 7.6 Revised Edition
…A fragmental part and parcel of the Lord, namely the living
entity, may be the cause ofa big skyscraper, a big factory, or even a
bigcity, but he cannot be the cause of a biguniverse. The cause of the
big universe is thebig soul, or the Supersoul. And Krsna, the supreme,
is the cause of both the big and small souls. Therefore, He is the
original causes. This is confirmed in the Katha Upanisad (2.2.13)
confirms. Nityo nityanam cetanas cetananam.
Bhagavad-gita 7.8 First Edition
…Similarly pranava, or the omkara transcendental sound used in the
beginning of every Vedic hymn to address the Supreme Lord also
emanates from Him.
Bhagavad-gita 7.8 Revised Edition
…And pranava, or the omkara transcendental sound used in the
beginning of every Vedic hymn, addresses the Supreme Lord .
Bhagavad-gita 8.2 First Edition
…Now the word prayana-kale in this verse is very significant
because whatever we do in life will be tested at the time of death.
Arjunafears that at the time of death, those who are in Krsna
consciousness will forget the Supreme Lord because at such a
timebodily functions are disrupted, and the mindmay be in a panic-
stricken state. Therefore Maharaj Kulasekhara, a great devotee, prays,
"My dear Lord, may I die immediately now that I'm healthy so that the
swan of my mind may enter into the stem of Thy lotus feet." The
metaphor is used because the swan often takes pleasure in entering the
stem of the lotus flower – similarly, the mind of the pure devotee is
drawn to the lotus feet of the Lord. Maharaj Kulasekhara fears that at
the moment of his death his throat will beso choked up that he will
not be able to chant the holy names, so it is better to "die
immediately." Arjuna questions howone's mind can remain fixed on
Krsna's lotus feet at such times.
Bhagavad-gita 8.2 Revised Edition
…Now the word prayana-kale in this verse is very significant
because whatever we do in life will be tested at the time of death.
Arjunais very anxious to know of those who are constantly engaged in
Krsna consciousness. What should be their position at that final
moment? At the time of death all the bodily functions are disrupted,
and the mind is not in a proper condition. Thus disturbed by the
bodily situation, one may not be able to remember the Supreme Lord.
Maharaj Kulasekhara, a great devotee, prays, "My dear Lord, just now I
am healthy, and it is better that I die immediately so that the swan
of my mind can seek entrance at the stem of Your lotus feet." The
metaphor is used because the swan, a bird of the water,often takes
pleasure in digging into the lotus flowers; its sporting proclivity is
to enter the lotus flower. Maharaja Kulasekhara says to the Lord, "Now
my mind is undisturbed, and I am quite healthy. If I die immediately,
thinking of Your lotus feet, then I am sure that my performance of
Your devotional service will become perfect. But if I have to wait for
my natural death, then I do not know what will happen, because at that
time the bodily functions will be disrupted, mythroat will be choked
up, and I do not know whether I shall be able to chant Your name.
Better let me die immediately."
Arjuna questions how a person can fix hismind on Krsna's lotus
feet at such a time.
Bhagavad-gita 8.10 First Edition
…In this verse it is clearly stated that at the time of death the
mind must be fixed in devotion the Supreme Godhead. For those
practiced in yoga, it is recommended that they raise the life force
between the eyebrows, but for a pure devotee who does not practice
such yoga, the mind shouldalways be engaged in Krsna consciousness so
that at death he can remember the Supreme by His grace. This is
explained in verse fourteen.
Bhagavad-gita 8.10 Revised Edition
…In this verse it is clearly stated that at the time of death the
mind must be fixed in devotion on to the Supreme Personality
ofGodhead. For those practiced in yoga, it is recommended that they
raise the life force between the eyebrows to the ajna-cakra). The
practice of sat-cakra-yoga, involving meditation on the six cakras, is
suggested here. A pure devotee does not practice such yoga, but
because he is always engaged in Krsna consciousness so that at death
he can remember the Supreme Personality of Godhead by His grace. This
is explained in verse fourteen.
Bhagavad-gita 8.10 First Edition
The particular use of the word yoga-balena is significant in this
verse because without practice of yoga one cannot come to this
transcendental state of being at the time of death. One cannot
suddenly remember the Supreme Lord at death unless he ispracticed in
some yoga system, especially the system of bhakti-yoga. Sine one's
mind at death is very disturbed, one should practice transcendence
through yoga during one's life.
Bhagavad-gita 8.10 Revised Edition
The particular use of the word yoga-balena is significant in this
verse because without practice of yoga --whether sat-cakra-yoga or
bhakti-yoga--one cannot come to this transcendental state of being at
the time of death. One cannot suddenly remember the Supreme Lord at
death; one must havepracticed in some yoga system, especially the
system of bhakti-yoga. Sine one's mind at death is very disturbed, one
should practice transcendence through yoga during one's life.
Bhagavad-gita 8.11 First Edition
Lord Krsna explains that Brahman, although one without a second,
has differentmanifestations and features. For the impersonalists
syllable om is identical with Brahman. Krsna here explains the
impersonal Brahman in which the renounced order of sages enter.
Bhagavad-gita 8.11 Revised Edition
Lord Sri Krsna has recommended to Arjuna the practice of sat-cakra-
yoga, in which one places the air of life between the eyebrows. Taking
it for granted that Arjuna might not know how to practice sat-cakra-
yoga, the Lord explains the process in the following verses. The Lord
says that Brahman, although one without a second, has
variousmanifestations and features. Especially for the impersonalists
the aksara or omkara—the syllable om--is identical with Brahman. Krsna
here explains the impersonal Brahman, in which the renounced order of
sages enter.
Bhagavad-gita 10.31 First Edition
Of all the aquatics the shark is one of the biggest and is
certainly the most dangerous to man. Thus the shark represents
Krsna.And of rivers, the greatest in India is the Mother Ganges. Lord
Ramacandra, of the Ramayana, an incarnation of Krsna, is the mightest
of warriors.
Bhagavad-gita 10.31 Revised Edition
Of all the aquatics the shark is one of the biggest and is
certainly the most dangerous to man. Thus the shark represents Krsna.
Bhagavad-gita 10.33 First Edition
Among the creators and living entities, Brahma is the chief. The
various Brahma's exhibit four, eight, sixteen, etc., heads
accordingly, and they are the chief creators in their respective
universes. The Brahmas are representatives of Krsna.
Bhagavad-gita 10.33 Revised Edition
Among the living entities who are creators, Brahma, who has four
heads, is the chief. Therefore he is a representative of the Supreme
Lord, Krsna.
Bhagavad-gita 10.34 First Edition
"…One need not read many books on different subject matters; the
ability to remember a few and quote them when necessary is another
opulence."
Bhagavad-gita 10.34 Revised Edition
"…And the ability not only to read many books on different subject
matters but to understand them and apply them when necessary is
intelligence (medha), another opulence."
Bhagavad-gita 13.8 First Edition
"…If anyone wants to compete with God and at the same time make
advancement in spiritual knowledge, he will be frustrated. It is
clearly stated that without humility understanding is harmful. To
think oneself God is most puffed up. Although the living entity is
always being kicked by the stringent laws of material nature, still he
thinks, "I am God" because of ignorance. One should be humble and know
that he is subordinate to the Supreme Lord.
Bhagavad-gita 13.8 Revised Edition
"…If anyone wants to compete with God and at the same time make
advancement in spiritual knowledge, he will be frustrated. It is
clearly stated that without humility understanding is not truly
possible. To think oneself God is most puffed up. Although the living
entity is always being kicked by the stringent laws of material
nature, still he thinks, "I am God" because of ignorance. The
beginning of knowledge, therefore, is amanitya, humility. One should
be humble and know that he is subordinate to the Supreme Lord.
Bhagavad-gita 13.29 First Edition
The living entity, by accepting his material existence as just so
much suffering, can become situated in his spiritual existence.
Bhagavad-gita 13.29 Revised Edition
The living entity, by accepting his material existence has become
situated differently than in his spiritual existence.
Bhagavad-gita 16.1-3 First Edition
Then svadhyaya, Vedic study, and tapas, austerity, and arjavam,
gentleness or simplicity, are meant for brahmacarya or student life.
Brahmacaris should have no connection with women; they should live a
life of celibacy and engage the jmind in the study of Vedic literature
for cultivation of spiritual knowledge. This is called svadhyaya.
Bhagavad-gita 16.1-3 Revised Edition
Then svadhyaya, Vedic study, is meant for brahmacarya or student
life. Brahmacaris should have no connection with women; they should
live a life of celibacy and engage the jmind in the study of Vedic
literature for cultivation of spiritual knowledge. This is called
svadhyaya.
Bhagavad-gita 16.1-3 First Edition
As far as simplicity is concerned, not only should a particular
order of life follow this principle, but every member, be in the
brahmacari asrama, or grhastha asrama, or vanaprastha asrama or
sannyasa asrama. One must live very simply.
Bhagavad-gita 16.1-3 Revised Edition
As far as the brahminical quality of simplicity is concerned, not
only should a particular order of life follow this principle, but
every member, be in the brahmacari asrama, orgrhastha asrama, or
vanaprastha asrama or sannyasa asrama. One should be very simple and
straightforward.
Bhagavad-gita 16.1-3 First Edition
The word rajas used here is meant for the kshatriyas. The
kshatriyas should always be very strong to be able to give protection
to the weak. They should not pose themselves as nonviolent. If
violence is required, they must exhibit it.
Bhagavad-gita 16.1-3 Revised Edition
The word rajas used here is meant for the kshatriyas. The
kshatriyas should always be very strong to be able to give protection
to the weak. They should not pose themselves as nonviolent. If
violence is required, they must exhibit it. But a person who is able
to curb down his enemy may under certain conditions show forgiveness.
He may excuse minor offenses.
(An analysis of examples of interpolations will follow in Part II)
[NOTE: My appreciations to Sriman Praghosa das, the renowned book
distributor, for these purport excerpts from his email to Madhuvisa
das on 3/12/98. Thank you very much.]