SK 2420 30 January 2020

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jan 30, 2020, 7:05:14 AM1/30/20

to efloraindia, J.M. Garg

Dear members,

Location: Godawari

Date: 8 January 2020

Elevation: 2056m.

Habitat: Wild

Synplocos? Drupe look like S.cochinchinensis but plant does not.

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

DSC_0169 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jan 30, 2020, 7:06:10 AM1/30/20

to efloraindia, J.M. Garg

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

DSC_0170 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jan 30, 2020, 7:06:51 AM1/30/20

to efloraindia, J.M. Garg

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

DSC_0171 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jan 30, 2020, 7:07:09 AM1/30/20

to efloraindia, J.M. Garg

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

DSC_0172 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jan 30, 2020, 7:07:22 AM1/30/20

to efloraindia, J.M. Garg

DSC_0173 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jan 30, 2020, 7:07:51 AM1/30/20

to efloraindia, J.M. Garg

DSC_0174 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jan 30, 2020, 7:08:48 AM1/30/20

to efloraindia, J.M. Garg

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

DSC_0175 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jan 30, 2020, 7:09:11 AM1/30/20

to efloraindia, J.M. Garg

DSC_0176 copy.JPG

J.M. Garg

unread,

Feb 6, 2020, 12:14:02 AM2/6/20

to efloraofindia, Saroj Kasaju

Yes, Saroj ji.

Appears to be Symplocos species.

Pl. check Symplocos cochinchinensis var. laurina

--

With regards,
J.M.Garg

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'

Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia.

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group (largest in the world- more than 3,000 members & 3,00,000 messages on 23.8.18) or Efloraofindia website (with a species database of more than 13,000 species & 3,00,000 images of which more than 2,00,000 images are directly displayed on 30.8.19).

The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise). You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of India'.

DSC_0171 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Feb 6, 2020, 1:28:09 AM2/6/20

to J.M. Garg, efloraofindia

It looks like Mr. Garg but could not find listing in Nepal!

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

J.M. Garg

unread,

Feb 12, 2020, 6:22:02 AM2/12/20

to Saroj Kasaju, efloraofindia

On further checking with keys Flora of China, it is not var. cochinchinensis as abaxial side is not red brown pubescent to tomentose, especially on veins (subsp. cochinchinensis).

Keys here lead me to var. laurina only.

Check list of Nepal gives Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore with syn. as Symplocos loha Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (syn. of Symplocos cochinchinensis subsp. laurina (Retz.) Nooteboom as per Catalogue of Life). It further says 500-1500 m; N. India, China and Japan to Malaysia (other subspecies and varieties here and elsewhere).

China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, Tibet, Cambodia, Ryukyu Isl., Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Laos, Australia (Queensland), Java, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Thailand, Sumatra, peninsular Malaysia (rare), Borneo, Sulawesi, Andamans (South Andamans), Bhutan, Darjeeling, India (West Bengal Duars), Myanmar [Burma] (Chin, Mon, Taninthayi, Kachin), Bangladesh as per Catalogue of Life

So it is quite possible that Symplocos cochinchinensis subsp. laurina (Retz.) Nooteboom may be available in Nepal.

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Feb 13, 2020, 12:57:15 AM2/13/20

to J.M. Garg, efloraofindia

I have checked with the national herbarium and they say it is not listed in Nepal.

I am working on it !

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

J.M. Garg

unread,

Feb 19, 2020, 11:12:13 PM2/19/20

to Saroj Kasaju, efloraofindia

Than why they mention Symplocos loha Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don in Check list of Nepal ?

J.M. Garg

unread,

Feb 24, 2020, 7:30:31 AM2/24/20

to efloraofindia, Saroj Kasaju

I think Symplocos kuroki only.

Some bigger appearing fruits seems to have been infected.

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Saroj Kasaju <kasaj...@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2020 at 17:36
Subject: Re: SK 2420 30 January 2020
To: efloraindia <indian...@googlegroups.com>, J.M. Garg <jmg...@gmail.com>

--

DSC_0172 copy.JPG

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Feb 24, 2020, 11:15:49 AM2/24/20

to J.M. Garg, efloraofindia

Taxonomic revision of the <i>Symplocos nakaharae</i ...onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › pdf

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

J.M. Garg

unread,

Feb 24, 2020, 10:59:18 PM2/24/20

to Saroj Kasaju, efloraofindia

Thanks, Saroj ji.

Only one species have distribution in India, Bhutan and Nepal as per this publication Taxonomic revision of the Symplocos nakaharae complex (Symplocaceae) with special reference to fruit morphology by Bo LIU Hai-Ning QIN- Journal of Systematics and Evolution 51 (1): 94–114 (2013) (Abstract- Over 70 species and infra speciﬁc taxa have been described in the Symplocos nakaharae (Hayata) Masam. complex (Symplocaceae), and the taxonomy of this complex has been controversial.To provide a rational taxonomic revision of the complex, extensive ﬁeld observations were carried out and approximately 800 herbarium specimens, covering the whole distribution range, were examined to evaluate the taxonomic importance of morphological characteristics. Our studies recognized 13 species and one subspecies, including S. boninensis, S. henryi, S. kawakamii, S. lucida, S. nakaharae, S. migoi, S. multipes, S. pergracilis, S. setchuensis, S. shilanensis, S. tanakae, S. tetragona, S. theifolia, and S. lucida subsp. howii comb. nov. One new combination is made and two new synonyms, S. ernestii Dunn var. pubicalyx C. Chen syn. nov. and S. kuroki Nagam. syn. nov., are recognized. Two identiﬁcation keys are provided, based primarily on ﬂower and fruit characters. Detailed morphological descriptions and geographical distribution information of the 14 taxa are given.) with details as below:

1. Symplocos theifolia D. Don in Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 145. 1825. non Hayata. 1916. ut ‘theaefolium’. — Eugeniodes theifolium O. K. in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 409. 1891. ut ‘theaefolium’. —Symplocos racemosa DC. in Prodr.8:255.1844.nonRoxb.1832.necWightexC.B. Clarke. 1882. Type: Nepal. Narainhetty, Hamilton s.n. (holotype, BM!, photo).

Symplocos phyllocalyx C. B. Clarke in Fl. Brit. India3:575.1882.Type:India.Sikkim,8–12000ft.,J. D. Hooker & c. s.n. (lectoholotype, K!; isolectotypes, M!, photo, W!, photo).

Symplocos warburgii Brand in Pﬂanzenr. (Engler) Symploc.6:66.1901.Type:India.Nilgiri,Warburg560 (holotype, B, destroyed).

Symplocos discolor Brand in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 216. 1906. Type: China. Yunnan, 188806-07,Delavay4331(holotype,P!,photo;isotypes,K!, P!, photo).

Symplocos wilsonii Brand in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 216. Dec. 1906. non Hemsl. (July 1906). —Symplocos ernestii Dunn in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 34: 499. 1911. ut ‘ernesti’. —Dicalix ernestii (Dunn) Migo in Bull. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 13 (3): 201. 1943. Type: China.WHupei,1900-04-24,Wilson58(lectoholotype, E!;lectoisotypes,A!,E!,K!,NY!,photo,P!,photo,US!, photo); Sutchuen oriental, District de Tchen-K´eou-Tin, R. P. Farges 796 (lectoparatype, US!, photo). Symplocos loheri Brand in Philipp. J. Sci. 7: 32. 1912. Type: Philippines. 1906-03-06, A. Loher 6192 (holotype, SING!, photo; isotype, M!, photo).

Symplocos xanthoxantha H. L´ev. in Bull. G´eogr. Bot. 24: 283. 1914. Type: China. Tibet: Mo-Tsou, 3000 m, 1913-04, E. E. Maire 648 (holotype, E!).

Symplocos coronigera H.L´ev.inRepert.Spec.Nov. RegniVeg.10:431.1912.Type:China.Kweichou:Majo, 1907-07-24, Cavalerie 3106 (holotype, E!; isotype, P!, photo).

Symplocos potaninii Gontsch. in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort.Petrop.5:100.1924.Type:China.Szechwan:Mt. Omei, Potanin, 2-4-1893 (holotype & isotype, LE).

Symplocos elephantis Guillauminin Bull.Soc.Bot. France 71: 279. 1924; Fl. G´en. IndoChine 3: 998. 1933. Type: Cambodia. Kampot, Mts. de l’El´ephant, 1000 m, 1919-09-07, Poilane 239 (syntypes, P!, photo, US!, photo); 900 m, 1919-08-15, Poilane 341 (syntypes, A!, BM!, photo, CAS!, photo, NY!, photo, US!, photo).

Dicalix shinodanus Migo in Bull. Shanghai Sci. Inst. 13 (3): 205. 1943. Type: China. Yunnan: C. W. Wang 68262 (isotypes, LBG!, NAS!).

Symplocos ernestii Dunn var. pubicalyx C. Chen syn. nov. in Fl. Yunnan 16: 807 (304–305). 2006. Type: China. Yunnan: Jingdong, M. K. Li 1209 (holotype, KUN!); 1963-06-08, Z. H. Yang et al. s.n. (paratype, KUN!).

Small evergreen trees or shrubs, to 15 m high. Twigs green, glabrous, ridged. Petioles 6–12(–16) mm long; leaf blades leathery, 8–12×2–3cmlong, glabrous on both sides, base cuneate, margin subentire or serrated, apex long acuminate; midvein adaxially prominent, lateral veins 8–12 per side. Inﬂorescences simple or basally branched, axillary spikes, 0.8–2.5 cm long, axis puberulent; bracts and bracteoles persistent, broadly obovate, 1–3 mm long, often glabrous. Calyx glabrous or puberulent, margin ciliolate,lobes orbicular. Corolla white, 3–5 mm long, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 15–50, pentadelphous or inconspicuous pentadelphous. Disc soft pilose. Drupes ellipsoidal, 6–15 × 4–7 mm, apex with erect or spread persistent calyx lobes, 3loculed, 1 or 2 locules often fertile, mesocarp woody, endocarp surface smooth, chartaceous.

Distribution and habitat: Bhutan, Cambodia, China (south of the Yangtze River), India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, and Philippines occurring in mixed forests on slopes below 2600 m.

Phenology: Fl. Mar.–May, fr. Jun.–Aug.

Note: Symplocos theifolia own has echinate pollen, adding to its chartaceous endocarp and fertile locules (Fig. 2: L, M). It should be easily separated from other species in the complex.

Wu (1987) considered it different from S. phyllocalyx mainly because “the stones are not divided into 3 pyrenes and the stamens are not obviously pentadelphous”. We checked many specimens and found that the two characters are not consistent among individuals. Apart from that, the two species are indistinguishable, so they should be conspeciﬁc. Symplocos ernestii var. pubicalyx was published based on its pubescence on calyx in Flora Yunnanica (Gao, 2006). However, the pubescence should be carefully considered as an identiﬁcation character in Symplocaceae (Hardin, 1966). After examination of specimens referred in the original description and other specimens in KUN, we found the pubescence on calyx of S. theifolia is not an effective taxonomic character. In fact, both glabrous and pubescence on calyx were found in the same inﬂorescence, therefore, no obvious correlation exists between the pubescent calyx and the environment. As a result, it is treated as a new synonym here.

So we can use this name for our plants.

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Feb 24, 2020, 11:58:54 PM2/24/20

to J.M. Garg, efloraofindia

Thank you Mr. Garg !

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Sep 9, 2024, 12:39:28 PM9/9/24

to J.M. Garg, efloraofindia

Drupe shape looks completely different from Symplocos theifolia D. Don.

Looks like something related to Symplocos cochinchinensis group.

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210002156

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

J.M. Garg

unread,

Sep 16, 2024, 2:49:27 AM9/16/24

to Saroj Kasaju, efloraofindia

Yes, appears more likely to be
https://efloraofindia.com/2013/09/18/symplocos-cochinchinensis-var-laurina/

Was it planted ?

--

With regards,
J.M.Garg

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Sep 16, 2024, 8:07:59 AM9/16/24

to J.M. Garg, efloraofindia

Thank you Mr. Garg.

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jun 23, 2025, 11:17:00 AMJun 23

to J.M. Garg, efloraofindia

Now : Symplocos acuminata (Blume) Miq. ??

https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:826979-1

https://www.gbif.org/dataset/bae5856f-da10-4333-90a0-5a2135361b30

https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8S8Z3

Thank you.

Saroj Kasaju

J.M. Garg

unread,

Jun 27, 2025, 4:17:55 AMJun 27

to Saroj Kasaju, efloraofindia

Yes, as per these links.

--

With regards,
J.M.Garg,
https://efloraofindia.com/

Saroj Kasaju

unread,

Jun 27, 2025, 6:38:39 AMJun 27

to J.M. Garg, efloraofindia

Thank you Mr. Garg.

Saroj Kasaju

Reply all

Reply to author

Forward