From the links that have been suggested so far, I doubt people have a
good idea of what's actually needed. As an example, I'm involved with
a project documenting prehistoric rock carvings. We need to produce
dense 3D meshes with sub-millimetre accuracy across surfaces of a few
square metres in the field, for archival purposes, to distinguish
artificial markings from natural, to analyse tool marks etc. There is
commercial software, but licences of even just a couple of hundred
pounds are way out of affordability, and as I'm running the rest of
the project on free software (Quantum GIS, Hugin panos for landscape
context, etc) this is a real pain.
There's a huge gap between the existence of some library routines in
NASA Vision Workbench, or OpenCV, and an application that can be
deployed to do useful work. One typical attempt was Oxford
Archaeology --
https://launchpad.net/stereophoto -- but unfortunately,
in the usual manner, it got nowhere beyond a single small code dump
some years ago. Many of the projects that do exist (Stereo, jSVR
http://svr.sourceforge.net/, the voxel stuff) just aren't usable for
general purposes. If I were thirty years younger, I'd tackle it
myself :-(
-D.