INFORMATION LITERACY : HEALTH LITERACY: MEDICAL: PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACOLOGY: AHRQ Pharmacy Health Literacy Center

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INFORMATION LITERACY :

HEALTH LITERACY:

MEDICAL: PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACOLOGY:

AHRQ Pharmacy Health Literacy Center

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AHRQ Pharmacy Health Literacy Center

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services |

The White House |

USA.gov:

The U.S. Government's Official Web Portal

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

540 Gaither Road Rockville, MD

20850

Telephone:

(301) 427-1364

http://www.ahrq.gov/pharmhealthlit/index.html

http://www.ahrq.gov/pharmhealthlit/

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AHRQ Pharmacy Health Literacy Center

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This site provides pharmacists with recently released health literacy
tools and other resources from the Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality (AHRQ).

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These include

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Four health literacy tools for pharmacy.

Curricular modules for pharmacy faculty.

Resources for pharmacists interested in understanding more about health
literacy.

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What is Pharmacy Health Literacy?

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Pharmacy health literacy is the degree to which individuals are able to
obtain, process, and understand basic health and medication information
and pharmacy services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

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Only 12% of adults have proficient health literacy (e.g., can interpret
the prescription label correctly).

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Medication errors are likely higher with patients with limited health
literacy, as they are more likely to misinterpret the prescription label
information and auxiliary labels.

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Studies document an association between low literacy and poor health
outcomes.

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Why is Health Literacy Important to Pharmacy?

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Pharmacists are responsible for making sure patients obtain the maximum
positive health outcomes from their medications.

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Pharmacists care for patients with low to high education levels, low to
high incomes, and multiple races of people; all of whom may have limited
health literacy.

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Medication errors are likely higher with patients with limited health
literacy.

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Studies document an association between low literacy and poor health
outcomes.

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Pharmacists are one of the most accessible health care providers.

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Addressing literacy is an important quality improvement effort.

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AHRQ Health Literacy Tools for Use in Pharmacies

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Recognizing that pharmacies may need additional knowledge and assistance
to improve their health literacy practices, the Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ) has developed four new health literacy tools
for pharmacy:

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Pharmacy Health Literacy Assessment Tool & User's Guide.

Training Program for Pharmacy Staff on Communication.

Guide on How To Create a Pill Card.

Telephone Reminder Tool To Help Refill Medicines On Time.

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Want to learn more about these tools? Go to:

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AHRQ Tools

AHRQ Health Literacy Tools for Use in Pharmacies

http://www.ahrq.gov/pharmhealthlit/tools.htm

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Recognizing that pharmacies may need additional knowledge and assistance
to improve their health literacy practices, the Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ) has developed four new health literacy tools
for pharmacy and a set of curricular tools for pharmacy faculty:

.

Pharmacy Health Literacy Assessment Tool & User's Guide.

Training Program for Pharmacy Staff on Communication.

Guide on How To Create a Pill Card.

Telephone Reminder Tool To Help Refill Medicines On Time.

Advancing Pharmacy Health Literacy Practices Through Quality Improvement:

Curricular Modules for Faculty.

Help with Using AHRQ Tools

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Is Our Pharmacy Meeting Patients' Needs?

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A Pharmacy Health Literacy Assessment Tool User's Guide
This tool is a comprehensive guide to help pharmacies assess how well they
are set up to serve patients with limited health literacy.

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Why use this tool?

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See if you and your staff are meeting patient needs.

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Detect potential barriers for patients with limited literacy skills to
comprehending pharmacy information.

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Identify opportunities to improve your customer service.
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This tool consists of four parts:

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Part I: Assessment Tour of the Pharmacy.

Part II: Pharmacy Staff Survey.

Part III: Guide for Focus Groups With Patients (A Spanish translation of
this guide is available (PDF File, 82 KB, PDF Help).

Part IV: Using Assessment Results.

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Get started using this tool

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Pharmacy Health Literacy Assessment Tool User's Guide, PDF File, 1.3 MB,
PDF Help

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Strategies To Improve Communication Between Staff and Patients:

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Training Program for Pharmacy Staff

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This training program is intended for pharmacy staff members who regularly
interact with patients and provide patients with health information. The
training program:

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Introduces pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and other pharmacy staff to
the problem of low health literacy.

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Identifies implications of the problem.

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Explains techniques for pharmacy staff members to improve communication
with patients who may have limited health literacy skills.
The training program includes: PowerPoint slides, handouts, and notes for
the trainer or presenter.


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Get started

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Strategies to Improve Communication Between Pharmacists and Patients:
Curriculum Guide, PDF File, 250 KB, PDF Help


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How To Create a Pill Card

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Use this guide to find out how you can create an easy-to-use "pill card"
for your patients, parents, or anyone you know who has a hard time keeping
track of their medicines.

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Get started:

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How to Create a Pill Card, PDF File, 290 KB, PDF Help


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Automated Telephone Reminders:

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A Tool To Help Refill Medicines On Time

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An automated telephone reminder system calls patients to remind them to
refill their prescriptions and allows patients to order their refills on
the phone. These systems can be difficult for patients with limited health
literacy to use. This literacy-friendly telephone script is provided for
use by pharmacies who want to provide automated refill reminder calls to
patients to improve adherence with medication regimens.

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Get started:

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Guide: Automated Telephone Reminders, PDF File, 300 KB, PDF Help

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Advancing Pharmacy Health Literacy Practices Through Quality Improvement:

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Curricular Modules for Faculty

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These curricular modules can help pharmacy faculty integrate health
literacy and health literacy quality improvement into courses,
experiential education, and projects for PharmD students and pharmacy
residents. The curricular modules include 17 activity guides with 4
accompanying PowerPoint presentations.

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Get started:

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Advancing Pharmacy Health Literacy Practices Through Quality Improvement:
Curricular Modules for Faculty, PDF File, 435 KB, PDF Help

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Help With Using AHRQ Tools

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The following links provide support specifically for the Pharmacy Health
Literacy Assessment Tool and User's Guide:

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Spanish Translation of Facilitator's Guide for Patient Focus Groups
A translated version of the Facilitator's Guide for Patient Focus Groups
is available (PDF File, 82 KB, PDF Help.

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As part of the Pharmacy Health Literacy Center Web site, AHRQ is also
providing a list of organizations that may be useful for pharmacists. The
following organizations may be a good place to start for pharmacists
interested in securing assistance or support in implementing the AHRQ
tools.

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American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP)

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The over 100 U.S.-based colleges and schools of pharmacy may be helpful
resources for pharmacists interested in identifying faculty members,
pharmacy residents, or pharmacy students interested in health literacy or
a research project, for example.

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Schools of Public Health and Public Health Programs

Schools of public health, like colleges and schools of pharmacy, may have

faculty and students interested in health literacy or a research project.

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American Evaluation Association (AEA)

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The American Evaluation Association is a professional association of
evaluators, and has a Web site tool, "find an evaluator," that helps
identify evaluators in each State. Pharmacists may be interested in hiring
an evaluator to complete the Assessment Tool, for example.

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Resources

http://www.ahrq.gov/pharmhealthlit/resources.htm

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The following are documents and resources to help pharmacists, managers,
pharmacy educators and students understand pharmacy health literacy,
identify available resources, and link to other important Web sites.

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Learn More About Health Literacy

Health Literacy Literature

Health Literacy in the Pharmacy Literature

Health Literacy in PracticeTools and Resources

Medication Labeling Resources

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Learn More About Health Literacy

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Literacy and Health Outcomes: AHRQ Evidence Report.

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American College of Physicians (ACP) Foundation.

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American Medical Association (AMA) Foundation: Health Literacy Initiative.

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Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Quick Guide to Health
Literacy.

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"The Impact of Health Literacy on Pharmacy Practice" , a PowerPoint
presentation from OSF Saint Francis Medical Center. [Free PowerPoint
Viewer ]

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) free training about
health literacy for public health professionals. CPE credits available for
pharmacists.

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Partnership for Clear Health Communication is a national, nonprofit
coalition that serves as an information source regarding the scope and
impact of health literacy in the U.S.

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The National Health Law Program provides information related to language
access and health care disparities.

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Health Literacy Literature

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Health Literacy Studies at the Harvard School of Public Health.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Improving Health
Literacy for Older AdultsExpert Panel Report 2009.

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National Library of Medicine's bibliography of health literacy literature.
The Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results From the 2003 National
Assessment of Adult Literacy.

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Kripalani S, Jacobson KL, Brown S, et al. Development and implementation
of a health literacy training program for medical residents. Med Educ
Online. 2006;11(13). (PDF File, 343 KB, PDF Help)

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Health Literacy in the Pharmacy Literature

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Andrus MR, Roth MT. Health literacy: A review. Pharmacotherapy 2002;
22(3):282-302.

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Barnett CW. Patient health literacy in the community pharmacy setting.
America's Pharmacist 2006; December:63-71.

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Brown L. Low health literacy: What pharmacists can do to help. J Am Pharm
Assoc 2006;46(1):4-6.

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Hardin LR. Counseling patients with low health literacy. Frontline
pharmacist. Am J Health-Sys Pharm 2005;62(4):364-5.

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Kirk JK, Krick S, Futrell D, et al. Connecting pharmacy and literacy: the
North Carolina Medication Information Literacy Project. Am J Pharm Educ
2000;64:277-83.

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Ngoh LN. Health literacy: A barrier to pharmacist-patient communication
and medication adherence. J Am Pharm Assoc 2009;15(8):45-57.

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Praska JL, Kripalani S, Seright AL, et al. Identifying and assisting
low-literacy patients with medication use: a survey of community
pharmacies. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39(9):1441-5.

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Tkacz VL, Metzger A, Pruchnicki MC. Health literacy in pharmacy. Am J
Health Syst Pharm 2008;65(10): 974-81.

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Warner A, Menachemi N, Brooks RG. Health literacy, medication errors, and
health outcomes: is there a relationship? Hospital Pharmacist
2006;41:542-551.

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Wolf MS, Davis TC, Tilson H, et al. Misunderstanding of prescription drug
warning labels among patients with low literacy. Am J Health Syst Pharm
2006;63(11):1048-55.

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Youmans SL, Schillinger D. Functional health literacy and medication use:
the pharmacist's role. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:1726-9.

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Health Literacy in PracticeTools and Resources

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Visit these Web sites for additional background information, tools, and
resources for health professionals interested in health literacy:

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The North Carolina Program on Health Literacy provides background
information in addition to assessment and communication tools.
Advancing Pharmacy Health Literacy Practices Through Quality Improvement:
Curricular Modules for Faculty is a set of modules to help pharmacy
faculty integrate health literacy and health literacy quality improvement
into courses, experiential education, and projects for PharmD students and
pharmacy residents. The curricular modules can be used for lectures,
seminars, laboratory classes, and experiential education.

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The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality commissioned the University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to develop a Health Literacy Universal
Precautions Toolkit, which offers providers tools to assess their services
in relation to health literacy, raise awareness among staff, and improve
health literacy practices.

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The Partnership for Clear Health Communication's Ask Me 3 Campaign
Hablamos Juntos: Improving Patient-Provider Communication for Latinos
The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion's Health Literacy
Improvement Web site

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The following instruments can be used to measure literacy in health care
settings:

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Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine revised, shorter version
(REALM-R) (PDF File, 50 KB, PDF Help).

Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA)

Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT 3) reading subtest. Wide Range Inc.
Wilmington, DE: Wide Range Inc., 1993.

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Medication Labeling Resources

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Medication labeling initiatives supported by the American College of
Physicians Foundation (ACP), including the white paper "Improving Rx drug
container labeling: an issue of health literacy and medication safety: a
white paper commissioned by the ACP Foundation" and the ACP's Medication

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Labeling Project

Institute of Medicine "Standardizing medication labels: confusing patients
less. Workshop Summary"


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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jw...@temple.edu
http://workface.com/e/daviddillard

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