Hi Max,
Wouldn't we all want that info handy? =)
Best bet for info about the runtime system and VM are the HiPE papers,
Some of them had a really good overview if I remember correctly.
Also Jianrong Zhangs paper "Characterizing the Scalability of Erlang VM on Many-Core Processors" has a good overview of some of the internals. (You have to google for the link to the pdf. KTH paper)
Jianrong Zhangs paper is newer then the HiPE papers and probably has more current information.
Some information are hidden in the *draft* of the erlang spec,
I recommend checking out Rickard Greens and Patrik Nyblom talks at various EUC, Factories and SICS Multicore Days to find the bleeding edge info =)
Happy hunting,
Björn-Egil