*[Enwl-inf] Fwd: Идеальный заповедник и условия его существования
ENWL
Булат - у меня нет ответа как из 13 января 2023 года придти к идеалу.На самом деле неотвеченного больше - это и про размеры и про администрирование и про отношения собственности и мн.др.Свет
пт, 13 янв. 2023 г. в 12:07, Bulat Yessekin <bulat.y...@gmail.com>:Свет,вот ты сам и ответил на все вопросы по ООПТ-))Best regards,Bulat K. YESSEKIN
пт, 13 янв. 2023 г. в 14:31, Svet Zabelin <svet...@gmail.com>:ВалдурСтрогий природный заповедник (категория Ia МСОП) - это территория, которая защищена от всего, кроме незначительного использования человеком, с целью защиты ее биоразнообразия, а также, возможно, ее геологических / геоморфологических особенностейэто не идеальный заповедник - а недо-заповедник.Термин - USE - критичен поскольку обозначает использование которого в заповедниках не должно быть от слова совсем.И это не оплошность а отношениепо-русски - Природа не Храм а МастерскаяЗаповедник - это Храм Природы на пороге которого человек должен замирать в благоговении.Биоразнообразие в заповеднике не нуждается в защитеПрирода знает лучше - главный закон Барри КоммонераС другой стороны - люди умеют защищать только соразмерных или яркиха устойчивость биогеосферы обеспечивают незаметные которых люди даже не знаютГрибам пофигу человеческая классификация а устойчивость биогеосферы обеспечивают грибы а не людиДля восстановления устойчивости планетарной системы необходимо чтобы на 50 процентов суши с какого-то дня и в течение ближайших 100 лет как минимум не ступала нога человека - только дроны.И никакого менеджмента. Компромиссы обсуждать не с кем.Не хотите - живите на порядок хуже чем в 2022-м.Грибы и все жители почвы и не такое переживали за последние 500 миллионов лет.А люди - ....Нужны технологии освобождения земель от людей а не бумажки МСОПЗаповедники сегодня должны рассматриваться как точки старта движения человечества к своему спасению в живой устойчивой биогеосфере.Свет
пт, 13 янв. 2023 г. в 09:53, Valdur Lahtvee <lah...@gmail.com>:Opjat budem velossiped võdumatBy the IUCNCategory Ia – strict nature reserve[edit]
A strict nature reserve (IUCN Category Ia) is an area which is protected from all but light human use in order to protect its biodiversity and also possibly its geological/geomorphical features.[4] These areas are often home to dense native ecosystems where all human disturbance except scientific study, environmental monitoring and education is prohibited. Because these areas are so strictly protected, they provide ideal pristine environments that enable measurement of external human influence by means of comparison with other areas.
In some cases, strict nature reserves are of spiritual significance for surrounding communities and are also protected for this reason. The people engaged in the practice of their faith within the region have the right to continue to do so, providing it aligns with the area's conservation and management objectives.
Human impacts on strict nature reserves are increasingly difficult to prevent because climate and air pollution and newly emerging diseases do not stop at the boundaries of protected areas. If perpetual intervention is required to maintain these strict guidelines, the area will often fall into category IV or V.[5]
Category Ib – wilderness area[edit]
A wilderness area (IUCN Category Ib) is similar to a strict nature reserve, but generally larger and protected in a slightly less stringent manner.
These areas are a protected domain in which biodiversity and ecosystem processes (including evolution) are allowed to flourish or experience restoration if previously disturbed by human activity. These are areas which may buffer against the effects of climate change and protect threatened species and ecological communities.
Human visitation is limited to a minimum, often allowing only those who are willing to travel of their own devices (by foot, by ski, or by boat), but this offers a unique opportunity to experience wilderness that has not been interfered with. Wilderness areas can be classified as such only if they are devoid of modern infrastructure, though they allow human activity to the level of sustaining indigenous groups and their cultural and spiritual values within their wilderness-based lifestyles.[7]
Category II – national park[edit]
A national park (IUCN Category II) is similar to a wilderness area in its size and its main objective of protecting functioning ecosystems. However, national parks tend to be more lenient with human visitation and its supporting infrastructure. National parks are managed in a way that may contribute to local economies through promoting educational and recreational tourism on a scale that will not reduce the effectiveness of conservation efforts.
The surrounding areas of a national park may be for consumptive or non-consumptive use but should nevertheless act as a barrier for the defence of the protected area's native species and communities to enable them to sustain themselves in the long term.[8]
Category III – natural monument or feature[edit]
A natural monument or feature (IUCN Category III) is a comparatively smaller area that is specifically allocated to protect a natural monument and its surrounding habitats. These monuments can be natural in the fullest sense or include elements that have been influenced or introduced by humans. The latter should hold biodiversity associations or could otherwise be classified as a historical or spiritual site, though this distinction can be quite difficult to ascertain.
To be categorised as a natural monument or feature by IUCN's guidelines, the protected area could include natural geological or geomorphological features, culturally-influenced natural features, natural cultural sites, or cultural sites with associated ecology. The classification then falls into two subcategories: those in which the biodiversity is uniquely related to the conditions of the natural feature and those in which the current levels of biodiversity are dependent on the presence of the sacred sites that have created an essentially modified ecosystem.
Natural monuments or features often play a smaller but key ecological role in the operations of broader conservation objectives. They have a high cultural or spiritual value that can be utilised to gain support of conservation challenges by allowing higher visitation or recreational rights, therefore offering an incentive for the preservation of the site.[9]
Category IV – habitat or species management area[edit]
A habitat or species management area (IUCN Category IV) is similar to a natural monument or feature, but focuses on more specific areas of conservation (though size is not necessarily a distinguishing feature), like an identifiable species or habitat that requires continuous protection rather than that of a natural feature. These protected areas will be sufficiently controlled to ensure the maintenance, conservation, and restoration of particular species and habitats—possibly through traditional means—and public education of such areas is widely encouraged as part of the management objectives.
Habitat or species management areas may exist as a fraction of a wider ecosystem or protected area and may require varying levels of active protection. Management measures may include (but are not limited to) the prevention of poaching, creation of artificial habitats, halting natural succession, and supplementary feeding practices.[11]
Category V – protected landscape or seascape[edit]
A protected landscape or protected seascape (IUCN Category V) covers an entire body of land or ocean with an explicit natural conservation plan, but usually also accommodates a range of for-profit activities.
The main objective is to safeguard regions that have built up a distinct and valuable ecological, biological, cultural, or scenic character. In contrast with previous categories, Category V permits surrounding communities to interact more with the area, contributing to the area's sustainable management and engaging with its natural and cultural heritage.
Landscapes and seascapes that fall into this category should represent an integral balance between people and nature and can sustain activities such as traditional agricultural and forestry systems on conditions that ensure the continued protection or ecological restoration of the area.
Category V is one of the more flexible classifications of protected areas. As a result, protected landscapes and seascapes may be able to accommodate contemporary developments, such as ecotourism, at the same time as maintaining the historical management practices that may procure the sustainability of agrobiodiversity and aquatic biodiversity.:[12]
Category VI – protected area with sustainable use of natural resources[edit]
Though human involvement is a large factor in the management of these protected areas, developments are not intended to allow for widescale industrial production. The IUCN recommends that a proportion of the land mass remain in its natural condition—a decision to be made on a national level, usually with specificity to each protected area. Governance has to be developed to adapt the diverse—and possibly growing—range of interests that arise from the production of sustainable natural resources.
Category VI may be particularly suitable to vast areas that already have a low level of human occupation or in which local communities and their traditional practices have had little permanent impact on the environmental health of the region. This differs from category V in that it is not the result of long-term human interaction that has had a transformative effect on surrounding ecosystems.[14]
On Fri, Jan 13, 2023 at 4:58 AM Svet Zabelin <svet...@gmail.com> wrote:Друзьяпоскольку тема заповедности вызвала большой интерес - продолжим.На обсуждение выношу два связанных между собой вопроса- что такое идеальный заповедник- при каком государственно-экономическом устройстве практически возможно создание и содержание идеальных заповедников.Ответы - будучи получены - послужат подспорьем в работе Экспертного совета.На старте хотелось бы получить ссылки на материалы о работе идеальных заповедников где-либо - кроме Советского Союза.ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯЗаконодательством Российской ФедерацииГосударственные природные заповедники являются природоохранными, научно-исследовательскими и эколого-просветительскими учреждениями, имеющими целью сохранение и изучение естественного хода природных процессов и явлений, генетического фонда растительного и животного мира, отдельных видов и сообществ растений и животных, типичных и уникальных экологических систем. п. 4 в ред. Федерального закона от 29.12.2004 N 199-ФЗОт Туркменского десанта Движения Дружин - 1985.Сюнт-Хасардагский государственный заповедник Министерства лесного хозяйства ТССР создан как природоохранное научно-исследовательское учреждение, включающее в поле деятельности физико-географический регион – Западный Копетдаг. Основными задачами заповедника являются сохранение, комплексное изучение и восстановление экосистем Западного Копетдага, особенно, растительного и животного мира.
Проблема государственного устройства.
Идеальные заповедники сформировались при советской власти и после её коллапса претерпевали в основном негативные изменения.
Что скажете - вопрос
Успехов.
Свет
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