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The
COP28 outcome made it clearer than ever that we
must transition away from fossil fuels in a just
and equitable manner. It also underscored the
importance of the global goal on adaptation in
strengthening resilience and reducing
vulnerability to climate change, as well as the
vital importance to protect and restore nature.
The need for enhanced support and finance for
developing countries was flagged as a critical
enabler of climate action.
The
political declarations at COP28, the strong
leadership and calls to action by non-State
actors, and the negotiated response to the Global
Stocktake send a strong signal to the
world.
The
outcome has also shown the importance of
collaboration and continued contributions from
cities, businesses, youth and Indigenous Peoples
to turn promises into action and meaningful
progress.
Now
these signals must be translated into real economy
transformation, reflected in updated
nationally-determined contributions (NDCs), and
supported by legislation and effective climate
action at all levels.
The
COP28 decisions set out a to-do list for Parties
and partners to work together to achieve
deep,
rapid and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas
emissions in line with 1.5 °C pathways,
making an explicit reference for the first time to
the need to reduce 43% of GHG emissions by 2030
and 60% by 2035 relative to the 2019 level.
The
outcome also clearly highlighted the importance of
conserving,
protecting and restoring nature and
ecosystems
and enhancing efforts to halt and reverse
deforestation, in line with the Kunming-Montreal
Global Biodiversity Framework. With the
operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund
with financial support, and the agreement on a
Global Goal on Adaptation, Parties took important
first steps to build resilience and protect the
most vulnerable communities.
Importantly,
the COP28 events programme and global stocktake
decisions repeatedly emphasized the central role
of non-Party stakeholders. COP28 decisions welcome
leadership initiatives by Parties and non-Party
stakeholders, and call clearly for increased
collaboration on the way forward. The outcome text
specifically encourages the High-Level Champions,
the Marrakech Partnership and non-Party
stakeholders to consider the outcomes of the first
global stocktake in future work.
Reflecting
the emphasis of COP28 on inclusion, leading
Indigenous Peoples, businesses, investors, cities
and regions and youth brought a clear message to
Dubai that they stand ready with the wisdom,
capital, solutions, and insights to implement a
vision of the future set out by world leaders.
H.E.
Razan Al Mubarak, UN Climate Change High-Level
Champion for COP28 said:
“COP28
has delivered a global commitment to transition
away from fossil fuels and conserve and restore
nature in order to limit warming to 1.5 °C.
It sets a clear path for Parties and the real
economy to activate around these goals. COP28 has
also demonstrated the importance of inclusivity.
We are proud of the leadership of real economy
actors from around the world – including
Indigenous People, women, finance, business,
cities and states, youth and civil society – who
have built momentum for this outcome. I am
committed to working tirelessly with all of them
to support Parties to turn the declarations and
outcomes here at COP28 into action, finance and
solutions on the ground.”
Dr.
Mahmoud Mohieldin, UN Climate Change High-Level
Champion for COP27 said:
“COP28
has built on the successes of COP27, agreeing on a
Global Goal on Adaptation and operationalizing the
Loss and Damage Fund, securing first commitments
to it, as well as witnessing a number of
significant financial commitments. It has also
clearly called for a just and equitable transition
away from fossil fuels to limit warming to 1.5.
These clear political signals and commitments must
be translated into just financial flows to real
projects on the ground, especially in developing
countries. Our work during the last two years has
helped connect climate solutions projects with
financiers, proving that the solutions are there.
Furthermore, we underscored the need to reform the
international financial architecture and address
the multiple debt crises to ensure climate finance
is adequate, accessible and fair. As the
facilitator of the second replenishment process of
the Green Climate Fund, I am proud that the Fund
reached a record-breaking funding level. We now
need to mobilize the needed action among both
governments and non-State actors to translate the
various commitments and outcomes made at COP28
into real deliverables on the ground.”
The
COP28 Action Agenda was framed around the vision
of the COP28 Presidency, the 2030 goals and
solutions in the 2030 Breakthroughs, the
Breakthrough Agenda, and the Sharm El Sheikh
Adaptation Agenda. The focus was on driving action
from multiple stakeholders towards the specific,
near term, real economy action needed for systemic
change and to urgently close the gap to get on
track for a 1.5 degree, resilient, nature positive
future. It is clear that leadership from the
real economy has helped to inform the priorities
and outcomes at COP.
Non-State
actors at COP28 clearly demonstrated that they
stand ready to deliver a rapid, just, and
well-financed transition towards a net-zero
economy. Their leadership and increased
ambition, action and collaboration will be
critical to ensuring a strong, action-oriented,
all of society response to take forward the
outcomes of COP28 and turn them into tangible
progress.
The
High-Level Champions remain committed to working
with all parts of society, and all corners of the
economy to turn political declarations and
commitments at COP28 into action, finance and
solutions on the ground.
See
Summary of Global Climate Action at
COP28
for an overview and summary of the action,
progress and commitments delivered by real-economy
actors.
The
2030 Climate Solutions
Implementation Roadmap
published by the UN Climate Change High Level
Champions and Marrakech Partnership is
a compilation that brings together the existing
2030 frameworks and tools developed under the
leadership of the HLCs with the Marrakech
Partnership including the Climate Action Pathways,
2030 Breakthroughs,
Breakthrough Agenda,
Sharm-El-Sheikh Adaptation
Agenda
and Race to Resilience
and Race to Zero
campaigns into a more coherent implementation
roadmap. | 
