LOANS AND LENDING PRACTICES USUARY AND HIGH INTEREST LOANS : BIBLIOGRAPHIES: Payday Loans: A Selective Collection of Sources

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LOANS AND LENDING PRACTICES USUARY AND HIGH INTEREST LOANS :

BIBLIOGRAPHIES:

Payday Loans: A Selective Collection of Sources

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Payday Loans: A Selective Collection of Sources

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Payday Loans

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WEBBIB1112

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Payday loan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payday_loan

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A payday loan (also called a paycheck advance) is a small, short-term loan
that is intended to cover a borrower's expenses until his or her next
payday. The loans are also sometimes referred to as cash advances, though
that term can also refer to cash provided against a prearranged line of
credit such as a credit card. Legislation regarding payday loans varies
widely between different countries and, within the USA, between different
states.

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To prevent usury (unreasonable and excessive rates of interest), some
jurisdictions limit the annual percentage rate (APR) that any lender,
including payday lenders, can charge. Some jurisdictions outlaw payday
lending entirely, and some have very few restrictions on payday lenders.
Due to the extremely short-term nature of payday loans, the difference
between nominal APR and effective APR (EAR) can be substantial, because
EAR takes compounding into account. For a $15 charge on a $100 2-week
payday loan, the annual percentage rate is 26 15% = 390%; the usefulness
of an annual rate (such as an APR) has been debated because APRs are
designed to enable consumers to compare the cost of long-term credit and
may not be meaningful in cases where the loan will be outstanding for only
a few weeks. Likewise, an "effective" rate (such as an EAR - (1.1526 ? 1)
100% = 3,685%) may have even more limited value because payday loans do
not permit interest compounding; the principal amount remains the same,
regardless of how long the loan is outstanding. Nevertheless, careful
scrutiny of the particular measure of loan cost quoted is necessary to
make meaningful comparisons.
Payday loans carry substantial risk to the lender; they have 10-20%
default rate[1], and according to one study, defaults cost payday lenders
around a quarter of their annual revenue.[2]

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Contents

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1 The loan process
2 Opponents' charges
2.1 Draining money from low-income communities
2.2 Exploiting financial hardship for profit
2.3 Aggressive advertising practices
2.4 Aggressive collection practices
2.5 Ignoring legal restrictions
2.6 Pricing structure of payday loans
3 Proponents' stance
3.1 Charges are in line with costs
3.2 Markets provide services otherwise unavailable
3.3 Household welfare increased
3.4 An aid in disaster areas
4 Payday loans around the world
4.1 Australia
4.2 Canada
4.3 UK
4.4 United States
5 Variations and alternatives
5.1 Alternatives to payday loans
5.2 Variations on payday lending
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

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Tim Worstall, Contributor
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Forbes

TECH

12/20/2011 @ 1:44PM

Why Payday Loans Are So Expensive

http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2011/12/20/
why-payday-loans-are-so-expensive/

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A shorter URL for the above link:

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http://tinyurl.com/7hslncs

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It's one of those things that gets asked all the time. Just why are payday
loans so expensive? The APR rates on them are 300, 400%, surely someone
must be making an absolute fortune out of them? You know, ghastly people
profiteering from the misery of the poor?

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It's not, actually, quite that simple. The thing is, lending small amounts
of money for short periods of time is simply going to be expensive. You do
have to have a place where the work is done, an office or a shopfront.
Someone has to be employed to make the loans and receive the repayments.
There are simply costs involved. Imagine that you need to charge $10 per
loan just for these costs. This is nothing to do with the interest rate
mind, this is just what it costs for someone to walk and say "I'd like to
borrow $200 please" and for you to decide whether to lend it to them or
not.

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They borrow it for two weeks, that $10 is 5% of the loan. The thing is
though, everyone now calculates that lending fee as an annual charge, as
an APR. If the money were rolled over 26 times, to make up the 52 weeks of
the year, that fee would be charged 26 times. Even ignoring compounding
this becomes a 130% APR.

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Note that so far no one has actually even been charged any interest but
we've already got an APR of 130%.

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This much is obvious to anyone who thinks for a bit about this subject.
Part of the very high APRs is precisely because we are adding a fixed fee,
charged for a short period of time, up into an APR. It's an artifact of
how APRs are calculated.

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And now for something I didn't know until today. Via Felix Salmon, what's
the default rate on such loans?

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Why it is Necessary That Further Stringency with Payday Loans
December 26th, 2011
http://www.cybermilitant.org/why-it-is-necessary-
that-further-stringency-with-payday-loans/

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A shorter URL for the above link:

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http://tinyurl.com/6oqvynp

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A payday loan is the easiest kind ofshort-term loan A payday loan
functions to provide extra financial credit until the borrower's next pay
cheque so lenders tend to function within a two week pay-back period.
These days bad credit loans are mostly sorted through online lenders.
indeed loan lenders deliberately advertise themselves all over Google and
e-mail providers, meaning that they are eye-catching.The lender can ensure
that the credit isdropped into the individual'saccount within 24-48 hours
and even more temptingly lenders often don't process credit checks and
lend to customers with a low credit rating.

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snip

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in America, Arizona and Conneticut amongst other states have out-lawed
payday loans because they think that the loans are dangerous. the fact
remains that used correctly payday loans are a acceptable type of credit.
They are straightforward and might stop customers fromseeking out loan
sharks, the most unsafe credit lenders. Payday loans can figure out more
economical than bank overdraft fees. However when loans are left unpaid
debts can become uncontrollable.

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the argument is whether the amount of loans should be capped. The House of
Commons has just had a backbencher debate on how to tackle payday loans
earlier this year. focus groups are demanding safeguards on the issue of
payday loans.

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Minnesota Law Review
Minnesota Law Review
ARTICLE: Payday Loans: Shrewd Business or Predatory Lending?
November, 2002
87 Minn. L. Rev. 1
Author
Creola Johnson+

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Payday Loans, Uncertainty and Discounting: Explaining Patterns of
Borrowing, Repayment, and Default
Paige Marta Skiba
Vanderbilt Law School
Jeremy Tobacman
University of Pennsylvania; NBER
August 21, 2008
Vanderbilt Law and Economics Research Paper No. 08-33
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1319751

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Do Payday Loans Cause Bankruptcy?
Paige Marta Skiba
Vanderbilt Law School
Jeremy Tobacman
University of Pennsylvania; NBER
November 9, 2009
Vanderbilt Law and Economics Research Paper No. 11-13
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1266215

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69 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1257 (2000-2001)
Taking the Pay Out of Payday Loans:
Putting an End to the Unsurious and Unconscionable Interest Rates
Charged by Payday Lenders;
Bruch, Charles A.

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The Proability of Payday Loans
Paige Skiba
Vanderbilt University Law School
Jeremy Tobacman
University of Oxford
December 10, 2007
http://www.cpla-acps.ca/english/reports/Vanderbilt%20Oxford%20
profitability%20study%2012%2010%202007.pdf

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A shorter URL for the above link:

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http://tinyurl.com/3ydlqvh

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2004 U. Ill. L. Rev. 723 (2004)
Payday Loans: The Case for Federal Legislation
Chin, Pearl

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Payday Loans and Credit Cards: New Liquidity and Credit Scoring Puzzles?
Sumit Agarwal, Paige M. Skiba, Jeremy Tobacman
NBER Working Paper No. 14659
Issued in January 2009
NBER Program(s): IO ME

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92 Minn. L. Rev. 1110 (2007-2008)
Usury Law, Payday Loans, and Statutory Sleight of Hand:
Salience Distortion in American Credit Pricing Limits
Peterson, Christopher L.

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Title: Low-Cost Payday Loans: Opportunities and Obstacles
Author: Bair, Sheila
Date: 2005
Abstract: Reviews credit resources available to low and
middle-income bank and credit union customers. Provides examples of
low-cost alternatives to traditional payday loans that include mandatory
savings features.
Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10244/101
Topic: Public Affairs
Publisher: Annie E. Casey Foundation
Funder: Annie E. Casey Foundation
Original Source:
http://www.aecf.org/upload/PublicationFiles/FEs3622H334.pdf

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An Experimental Analysis of the Demand for Payday Loans
Author:
Wilson, Bart J
Journal:
The B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy
ISSN:
1935-1682
Date:
01/2010
Volume:
10
Issue:
1
DOI:
10.2202/1935-1682.2563

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57 DePaul L. Rev. 961 (2007-2008)
Taming the Beast: Payday Loans, Regulatory Efforts,
and Unintended Consequences
Spector, Mary

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2006-WP-05
August 2006
Strategic Pricing of Payday Loans:
Evidence from Colorado, 2000-2005
Robert De Young , Ronnie J . Phillips
Networks Financial Institute at Indiana StateUniversity
http://www.networksfinancialinstitute.org/Lists/Publication%
20Library/Attachments/70/2006-WP-05_Young-Phillips.pdf

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A shorter URL for the above link:

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http://tinyurl.com/7sltey4

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Measuring the Individual-Level Eects of Access to Credit:
Evidence from Payday Loans
JOB MARKET PAPER
Paige Marta Skiba
Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley
Jeremy Tobacman
Department of Economics, University of Oxford
January 19, 2007
http://www.clevelandfed.org/research/conferences/2007/
october2/skibajmpaper.pdf?WT.oss=Retail%20Sales&WT.oss_r=614

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A shorter URL for the above link:

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http://tinyurl.com/7dcod2y

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The Real Costs of Credit Access: Evidence from the Payday Lending Market
Author:
Melzer, B. T.
Journal:
The Quarterly journal of economics
ISSN:
0033-5533
Date:
02/2011
Volume:
126
Issue:
1
Page:
517
DOI:
10.1093/qje/qjq009

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Quantifying the economic cost of predatory payday lending :
a report
Author: Keith Ernst; John Farris; Uriah King;
Center for Responsible Lending (N.C.)
Publisher: [Durham, N.C.] :
Center for Responsible Lending, 2004.
Edition/Format: Book : English : Rev. Feb. 24, 2004

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Breaking the cycle of payday loan 'trap'
September 20, 2006
By Sue Kirchhoff
Money
As seen in
Credit unions offer cheaper alternatives
USA Today
http://www.usatoday.com/educate/choiceispower/payday_loans.pdf

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AN ANALYSIS OF
CONSUMERS' USE OF PAYDAY LOANS
Financial Services Research Program
Monograph No. 41
January 2009
Gregory Elliehausen
Division of Research and Statistics
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Washington, DC 20551
and
Financial Services Research Program
The George Washington University School of Business
Washington, DC 20052
http://www.approvedcashadvance.com/docs/GWUAnalysis_01-2009.pdf

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11 Loy. Consumer L. Rev. 174 (1998-1999)
Payday Loans:
Big Interest Rates and Little Regulation;
Edelman, Daniel A.

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Payday Loans and Exploitation
Robert Mayer
Public Affairs Quarterly
Vol. 17, No. 3 (Jul., 2003), pp. 197-217
(article consists of 21 pages)
Published by: University of Illinois Press
on behalf of North American Philosophical Publications
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40441354

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Payday Lending: A Business Model that Encourages Chronic Borrowing
Author:
Stegman, Michael A.
Journal:
Economic development quarterly
ISSN:
0891-2424
Date:
02/2003
Volume:
17
Issue:
1
Page:
8
DOI:
10.1177/0891242402239196

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38 Can. Bus. L.J. 386 (2003)
Of Payday Loans and Usury: Further Thoughts
Ramsay, Iain

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51 Ala. L. Rev. 1725 (1999-2000)
Modern Day Loan Sharking:
Deferred Presentment Transactions & (and)
the Need for Regulation; Moss, Lisa Blaylock

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Michael A. Stegman
The Journal of Economic Perspectives
Vol. 21, No. 1 (Winter, 2007), pp. 169-190
(article consists of 22 pages)
Published by: American Economic Association
Stable URL:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/30033706

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Phantom Demand: Short-term Due Date
Generates Need for Repeat Payday Loans
Leslie Parrish
Center for Responsible Lending
Uriah King
Center for Responsible Lending
July 9, 2009
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1532237

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Oklahoma Data Shows Chronic
Borrowing With Payday Loans
By David Reisdorph, Research Coordinator
November 30, 2005
Issue Brief
http://www.captc.org/pubpol/Predlending/Payday%20Lending11-05-1.pdf

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Restricting consumer credit access : household survey evidence on effects
around the Oregon Rate Cap
Author: Jonathan Zinman
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa., 2008.
Series: Working papers / Research Department,
Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia,
08,32

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Predatory Lending and the Military:
The Law and Geography of "Payday" Loans
in Military Towns
Summary of Oklahoma Results and
Policy Recommendations
http://www.captc.org/pubpol/Payday_Lending/PDL_MIL_fact_sheet_OK.pdf

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Usury Law, Payday Loans, and Statutory Sleight of Hand: an Empirical
Analysis of American Credit Pricing Limits
Christopher L. Peterson, University of Florida
http://works.bepress.com/christopher_peterson/1/

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Payday loans : federal regulatory initiatives
Author: Pauline H Smale; Library of Congress.
Congressional Research Service.
Publisher: [Washington, D.C.] :
Congressional Information Service, Library of Congress, [2004]
Series: Major studies and issue briefs of the Congressional Research
Service., Supplement ;, 2004, 04-RS-21728

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Journal of Financial Economics
Volume 102, Issue 1, October 2011, Pages 28-44
doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.022 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Payday lenders: Heroes or villains?
Adair Morse ,
Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, United States
Received 23 September 2009; revised 19 August 2010; Accepted 7 September
2010. Available online 30 March 2011.

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Credit markets for the poor
Editors Patrick Bolton, Howard Rosenthal
Edition illustrated
Publisher Russell Sage Foundation, 2005
ISBN 0871541327, 9780871541321
Length 304 pages
Fringe Banking and the Rise
p. 17

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Contrasting Payday Loans to Bounced-Check Fees
[PDF] from creditresearch.org
TE Lehman -
Consumer Credit, 2005 -
creditresearch.org
http://www.creditresearch.org/editor/assets/files/
050608ContrastingPdayLoans.pdf

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1 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 59 (2004-2005)
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations: Allow Class Actions to Be
Brought against Unlicensed Lenders; Include Payday Lending in the
Definition of Racketeering Activity; Declare a Legislative Intent to
Prohibit Activities Commonly Referred to as Payday Lending; Deferred
Presentment Services, or Advance Cash Services; Strengthen and Increase
the Criminal and Civil Penalties Therefore; Void Payday Lending Loans;
Declare That Forum Selection Clauses in Payday Lending Contracts Are
Unenforceable in Georgia; Provide for Civil Remedies of Borrowers; Provide
for Civil Penalties; Declare a Tax on Profits from Payday Loans; and for
Other Purposes; Martarell, Tia

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Landscapes of Predation, Landscapes of Neglect:
A Location Analysis of Payday Lenders and Banks
DOI:10.1111/0033-0124.5503017
Steven M. Gravesa
pages 303-317
Available online: 29 Feb 2008
The Professional Geographer
Volume 55, Issue 3, 2003
August 2003, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p. 303-317, 15p;
DOI: 10.1111/0033-0124.5503017

The emergence of a two-tiered financial
system offers many opportunities for additional
study. The long-term effect of predatory
lending practices on economically challenged
neighborhoods, their crime patterns, and urban
renewal efforts are particularly intriguing.
Because payday lenders comprise only one
segment of the alternative financial industry,
further study into the spatial practices of check
cashers, rent-to-own establishments, title-pawn
outlets, and subprime lenders iswarranted. Continued
analysis of the spatial strategies of mainstream
bankers is also necessary. How credit
unions, community banks, and other consumerfriendly
sources of banking sources factor in the
production of positive urban landscapes presents
yet more opportunities for research.

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The growth of a two-tiered financial system
in the United States is but one of a number of
unwelcome consequences of the deregulatory
spirit fashionable among American politicians
during the last couple of decades. As has been
the case elsewhere, deregulation has disproportionately
affected the poor. Clearly, a need
exists to revisit earlier banking legislation,
and new legislation may be necessary. Pundits,
politicians, consumer-advocacy groups, and
other researchers have already forwarded
numerous legislative suggestions for state and
federal policy makers (see, e.g., Woodstock
Institute 2000; PPI, AARP 2001; Stegman and
Faris 2003), as has the payday-lending industry
(NaCCA 1998). There seems to be general
agreement that payday lenders can and should
continue to provide their unique services.

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Without them, the prospect of encouraging
considerably more dangerous and completely
unregulated loan sharks reappears. A consensus
may also be possible on appropriate measures
to take to discourage multiple rollovers and
other practices that create long-term, spiraling
debt. Disagreements tend to emerge over the
way in which payday lenders should be allowed
to market their services and what constitutes a
reasonable interest/fee structure.

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Perhaps the most contentious debate is
over the apparent lack of federal regulation of
cross-border, interstate payday lending. Used
to evade state regulations, interstate charterbank
lending undermines local and state
authority and seems to transgress the spirit of
laws intended to prevent such practices. Payday
lenders who are willing to take advantage of the
shelter afforded to interstate bankers by federal
statutes should be held to federal regulations
that require banks to equitably serve the
communities in which they operate. Congressmen
who shield local interests from federal
regulation by standing behind the cloak of
states' rights must also extend their logic in
order to protect local constituents-especially
the debt-prone ones-from out-of-state,
predatory lenders. Left unchecked, the combination
of financial neglect by legitimate
bankers and predation by fringe bankers threatens
to further destroy inner cities and to erode
the already fragile condition of America's
working poor.'

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12 Fordham J. Corp. & Fin. L. 203 (2007)
Payday Lending: Do Outrageous Prices
Necessarily Mean Outrageous Profits;
Huckstep, Aaron

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Stegman, M. (Spring 2001).
The public policy challenges of payday lending.
Popular Government, 66(3), 16-22.
The Public Policy Challenges of Payday Lending
By Michael A. Stegman
Published by the Institute of Government at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Popular
Government, Spring 2001, Volume 66, No. 3, pp. 16-22.
http://www.ccc.unc.edu/documents/
CC_PublicPolicy.Challenges.payday.2001.pdf

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Payday Lending: Do the Costs Justify the Price?
Mark J. Flannery
University of Florida -
Department of Finance, Insurance and Real Estate
Katherine Samolyk
Government of the United States of America -
Division of Research and Statistics
June 2005
FDIC Center for Financial Research Working Paper No. 2005/09
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=771624

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No Cash 'til Payday:
The Payday Lending Industry
by Robert W. Snarr, Jr., Supervising Examine
Compliance Corner
Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
https://www.philadelphiafed.org/bank-resources/
publications/compliance-corner/2002/first-quarter/q1cc_02.pdf

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A shorter URL for the above link:

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http://tinyurl.com/75qr3s8

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Payday loan companies in Canada : determining the public interest
Author: Andrew Kitching; Sheena Starky;
Canada. Parliamentary Information and Research Service.
Publisher:
[Ottawa] : Parliamentary Information and Research Service, 2006.
Edition/Format:
eBook : Document : National government publication : English

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Woodstock Institute
March 2000 Number 14
Unregulated Payday Lending
Pulls Vulnerable Consumers Into Spiraling Debt
Reinvestment Alert
http://www.woodstockinst.org/document/alert.pdf

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What do High-Interest Borrowers do with Their Tax Rebate?


Marianne Bertrand
University of Chicago -
Booth School of Business;
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER);
Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)
Adair Morse
University of Chicago - Booth School of Business
February 16, 2009
Chicago Booth School of Business Research Paper No. 09-04
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1344489

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February 12, 2008
PAGE ONE
SOCIAL INSECURITY
High-Interest Lenders
Tap Elderly, Disabled
By ELLEN E. SCHULTZ and THEO FRANCIS
February 12, 2008; Page A1
Wall Street Journal
http://www.csun.edu/pubrels/clips/Feb08/02-12-08G.pdf

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19 Loy. Consumer L. Rev. 218 (2006-2007)
Payday Lenders under Attack, Seek Protection in Cyberspace;
LaMarche, Jeremy

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A Comparative Analysis of Payday Loan Customers
Author:
Lawrence, Edward C.
Journal:
Contemporary economic policy
ISSN:
1074-3529
Date:
04/2008
Volume:
26
Issue:
2
Page:
299
DOI:
10.1111/j.1465-7287.2007.00068.x

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Payday Loan Attitudes and Usage Among Enlisted Military Personnel
William O. Brown, Jr., Ph.D.
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Charles B. Cushman, Jr., Ph.D.
The George Washington University
July 12, 2006
http://www.creditresearch.org/editor/assets/files/060628MilitaryPDLSurvey.pdf

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Payday holiday : how households fare after payday credit bans
Author: Donald P Morgan; Michael R Strain;
Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Publisher:
[New York, N.Y.] : Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2008.
Series: Staff reports
(Federal Reserve Bank of New York : Online), no. 309.

.

Information Disclosure, Cognitive Biases and Payday Borrowing
Marianne Bertrand
(University Chicago Booth School of Business, NBER, CEPR and IZA)
Adair Morse
(University of Chicago Booth School of Business)
First Version: March 2009
This Version: October 2009
http://www.nber.org/public_html/confer/2009/HFf09/Bertrand_Morse.pdf

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32 Hum. Rts. 14 (2005)
Predatory Lending -
The New Face of Economic Injustice;
Bailey, Nikitra S.

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Just Until Payday
Ronald Mann, The University of Texas
James Hawkins
http://works.bepress.com/ronald_mann/4/

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32 Okla. City U. L. Rev. 299 (2007)
Payday Loans:
The Effects of Predatory Lending on Society
and the Need for More State and Federal Regulation;
Mendenhall, Shane M.

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WEBBIB1112

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David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jw...@temple.edu
http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com

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