Maria, I love your posting discussing the differences between exercises and problems. I think the main distinction is as follows: exercises are exactly what they sound like. I like to think of a professional athelete who must stay in shape to remain at the top of his/her game. It's all about repetition. Consider a baseball pitcher that pitches how ever many balls each day. It's like this in math. Exercises are those activities that repeat basic skills so that we can move on to problems. I loved Dan Meyer's piece on patient problem solving. Solving problems requires having the basic skills acquired while "exercising." It's higher level thinking.
As far as which students require more exercise as opposed to more practice? I believe that students who come to, let's say 8th grade, performing at a 5th grade level, need more exercises in order to bring them to the place they need to be. Again, it's all about repetition. I believe it is only through repeating exercises that these students will be able to suceed and move on to that next level. Not that they are unable to solve problems, but they must first acquire the basic skills that will allow them to be prepared; because a "problem" is just that, something that needs to be figured out using the skills or knowledge that came prior to the problem--very similar to life.
I will post this once I figure out how. Thanks again for your patience.
Best,
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