>> Ich kenne es. Wird haupts�chlich f�r Balken in
>> Deckenkonstruktionen
> Eben, dort braucht es deren dicke und fette Zuschnitte.
>> Einen Zusammenhang mit dem englischen "tram" hatte ich nie
>> hergestellt, aber es wird wohl das gleiche Wort sein.
>
> Das ist die Bahn, die auf den Schienen f�hrt, die auf den dicken
> fetten Balken befestigt sind. Sieht man ja, wenn man hinschaut,
> also dort, wo nicht alles zugeteert ist.
>
> Fragt sich dann nur, warum die Eisenbahn nicht auch eine
> Trambahn ist. Vielleicht ist das eine andere historische Schicht
> der Begriffsbildung?
Offenbar sind anfangs die Schienen selbst aus Holz gewesen.
| *Tram-road.* A road in which the track for the wheels is made of
| timbers, flat stones, or iron, while the horse-track between is
| left sufficiently rough for the feet of the horses.
|
| One was laid down in 1602 in the neighborhood of Newcastle by
| Beaumont, and was in use in 1676. It is not likely that they
| would be disused until superseded by railways. They are
| described by Roger North in 1676 as being rails of wood grooved
| to form tracks for the wheels which traversed therein.
|
| An iron tram-road was laid between Wandsworth and Croydon, in
| England, in 1802.
|
| A flagstone tram-road was laid in the Commercial Road, London,
| before 1829. On it the merchandise of the East and West India
| Docks was transported to the city of London.
|
| Iron railways were laid down by Carr at Sheffield, 1776, and by
| the Coalbrookdale Iron Company in 1786. See RAILWAY.
|
| Matthew's stone tram-way (English) has stones 4 feet 2 inches in
| length, 14 inches wide at base, 11 inches at top, and 10 inches
| deep. He proposed several mortise and tenon joints, shown in the
| illustration, to give mutual vertical and lateral support.
| *Tram-plate.* The first form of iron railway-rail.
|
| It was patented by Carr of Sheffield, 1776. Previous to this
| time, the wooden trams had been protected by malleable iron
| plates, a practice introduced at Newcastle about 1602. The
| Coalbrookdale Iron Company substituted cast-iron plates 5 feet
| long, 4 inches broad, and 1� inch thick; this was in 1767.
| Carr was the first to make the iron rail.
|
| Jessop made edge-rails of cast-iron in 1789. Birkenshaw
| introduced the rolled rail in 1820.
|
(Edward H. Knight, Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary, Volume
III, Boston, 1884, S. 2611.)
| *Railway.* A way or road provided with rails, upon which the
| wheels of the carriage roll.
|
| Roads with wooden rails (/tramways/) were first laid down by Mr.
| Beaumont at or in the vicinity of Newcastle, England, 1602.
| Between this and 1650 they began to become common in the
| Newcastle coalfields, and were employed in transporting coal
| from the pits whence it was extracted to the /staiths/ or
| discharging-places on the Tyne. Their arrangement was thus
| described in 1676:-
|
| "The manner of the carriage is by laying rails of timber from
| the colliery to the river, exactly straight and parallel; and
| bulky carts are made, with four rollers fitting those rails,
| whereby the carriage is so easy, that one horse will draw down
| four or five chaldrons [1 chaldron = 36 bushels] of coals."
| These "rails of timber" were laid upon transverse timbers or
| sleepers, und secured with pegs of wood, the sleepers being
| imbedded in the material of the roadway.
|
| About 1716, the wooden ways were capped by thin plates of
| malleable iron. Cast-iron bars were substituted in 1767. In
| 1776, Carr took out a patent for cast-iron rails of L-shape to
| retain the wheels on the rails without flanges on the wheels. In
| 1800, stone props instead of timber for supporting the junctions
| of the rails were invented in Derbyshire by Mr. Outram. The name
| /tram/-road has been fancifully derived from Outram, but comes
| from /tram/ (Prov. Eng., Sw., and Ger.), a beam; and the /trams/
| were the wagons which ran thereon.
|
(Edward H. Knight, Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary, Volume
II, New York, 1877, S. 1860.)
--
Steve
My e-mail address works as is.