Click Here To Play All Videos In Order   OR  click on any title to play an individual video.

Introduction:

1. What is CRVO?
Occlusion * Cornea * Pupil * Lens * Retina * Vitreous * Optic Nerve * Central Retinal Artery * Central Retinal Vein * Optic Disc * Blood Clot * Thrombus * Lamina Cribrosa


Aftereffects of CRVO:

2. What is Macular Edema?
Two Circulation Pathways * Central Retinal Artery * Central Retinal Vein * Choroid * Posterior Ciliary Arteries * Vortex Veins * Cell Death * Ischemic * Nonischemic * Perfused * Nonperfused * Fluorescein Angiogram * Dropout * Obliteration * Disc Area

4. What is Neovascularization?
Neovascular Glaucoma * Vitreous Hemorrhage * VEGF * Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor * Panretinal Photocoagulation *Anti-VEGF Agents * Aqueous Fluid * Anterior Chamber * Posterior Chamber * Trabecular Meshwork * Angle * Cupping * Open Angle * Angle Closure * Eye Drops * Glaucoma Shunt * Trabeculectomy * Glaucoma Filtering Surgery * Cyclophotocoagulation * Floaters * Vitrectomy

5. Other Changes.
Tortuous Veins * Bleeding * Intraretinal Hemorrhages * Vitreous Hemorrhage * Floaters * Cotton-Wool Spots * Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect * Swinging Flashlight Test * Optociliary Shunt Vessels * Collateral Vessels


The Course of CRVO:
What usually happens as CRVO runs its natural course?

11. Visual Acuity Outcomes.
Although the course of CRVO, as documented by this study, was influenced by medical treatments, the Central Vein Occlusion Study (CVOS) sheds some light on the question: What usually happens to an eye, in terms of visual acuity, when CRVO is left to run its course without extraordinary medical intervention?

12. Neovascular Complication Rates.
Although the course of CRVO, as documented by this study, was influenced by medical treatments, the Central Vein Occlusion Study (CVOS) sheds some light on the question: How often does neovascularization develop on structures at the front of the eye, when CRVO is left to run its course without extraordinary medical intervention?
Neovascularization * Iris * Angle * Aqueous * Neovascular Glaucoma * Perfused * Nonperfused * Fluorescein Angiogram * Disk Area * Indeterminate 

13. Occlusions in the Other Eye.
What is the chance that this kind of thing will happen in my other eye?


Treatment Related:

21. What is an Intravitreal Injection?
Description of drug delivery method used to treat retinal conditions such as macular edema.

22. What are Anti-VEGF Agents?
Description of agents sometimes used to treat macular edema.

23. Intravitreal Injection Survey.
Results of survey focusing on patient comfort in regard to intravitreal injections.


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Blood Clots:
A Patient's Description of Blood Clots
The primary problem in CRVO is most commonly thought to be the formation of a blood clot in the central retinal vein (CRV) which prevents oxygen depleted blood from freely flowing out from the inside portion of the eye. This video series is aimed at understanding more about these blood clots in the CRV – What is their nature? What might cause them to form? And how do they resolve? Answers to questions like these may help us, as patients, understand more about the initiation, progression, resolution or recurrence of CRVO.


Play #31 through #36 - Plays all videos in this section in order.


31.  Hemostasis - Helpful Blood Clotting
The formation of helpful blood clots in response to injury.
Vasoconstriction  *  Platelet Adhesion  *  Platelet Activation  *  Platelet Aggregation  *  Coagulation  *  Clotting Factors  *  Fibrin  *  Anticoagulation  *  Fibrinolysis


32.  Wound Healing
What happens to helpful blood clots in the normal process of wound healing.
Inflammation  *  Neutrophil  *  Monocyte  *  Macrophage  *  Proliferation  *  Granulation Tissue  *  Fibroblast  *  Collagen  *  Neovascularization  *  Myofibroblast  *  Contraction  *  Epithelialization  *  Maturation


33.  Thrombosis - Harmful Blood Clotting
Harmful blood clots and what may naturally happen to these clots.
Thrombus  *  Endothelium  *  Dissolution  *  Propagation  *  Occlusive Thrombus  *  Embolization  *  Embolus  *  Thromboembolus  *  Pulmonary Embolism  *  Organization  *  Granulation Tissue  *  Incorporation  *  Recanalization 


34.  Circumstances of Clot Formation
Circumstances contributing to harmful clot formation.
Virchow's Triad  *  Endothelium  *  Endocardium  *  Turbulence  *  Stasis  *  Hyperviscosity  *  Hypercoagulability


35.  A Clot in the CRV
Blood clots as they occur in the central retinal vein. Does a thrombus really cause CRVO? Why does a thrombus form? And how does the body deal with it?


36.  Risk Factors  *** Future Project ***
Circumcumstances formally associated with CRVO or venous thrombosis.


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Retina:
A Patient's Description of the Retina
Detailed, complicated and probably extraneous information on the structure and function of the retina and the development of cystoid macular edema from the perspective of a fellow patient.

Play #41 through #45 - Plays all videos in this section in order.

41. Retinal Cells & Layers.
Photoreceptors * Rod * Cone * Ganglion * Axon * Nerve Fiber * Neuron * Glial * Neuroglial * Muller Cell * Astrocyte * Retinal Pigment Epithelium * RPE * Internal Limiting Membrane * ILM * Nerve Fiber Layer * Ganglion Cell Layer * Inner Plexiform Layer * Inner Nuclear Layer *Bipolar * Amacrine * Horizontal * Outer Plexiform Layer * Outer Nuclear Layer * External Limiting Membrane * Outer Limiting Membrane * Bruch's Membrane * Sensory Retina * Neural Retina * Subretinal Space

42. Central Retina.
Macula * Macula Lutia * Fovea * Fovea Centralis * Foveola * Parafovea * Perifovea * Henle Fibers * Henle Fiber Layer * Avascular Zone * Capillary-Free Zone

43. Retinal Blood Supply.
Central Retinal Artery * CRA * Central Retinal Vein * CRV * Superior * Inferior * Nasal * Temporal * Vascular Arcade * Avascular Zone * Parafoveal Capillaries * Choroid * Posterior Ciliary Arteries * Vortex Veins * Blood-Retina Barrier * Blood Retinal Barrier * Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier * Outer Blood-Retinal Barrier * Endothelial Cell * Tight Junctions * Paracellular Transport * Transcellular Transport

44. Retinal Water Movement.
Extracellular * Intracellular * Interstitial * Cell Membrane * Endothelial Cell * Solute * Solution * Osmosis * Semipermeable Barrier * Starling Forces * Hydrostatic Pressure * Oncotic Pressure * Retinal Capillaries * Retinal Pigment Epithelium * Aquaporin * Muller Cell


45. Cystoid Macular Edema.
Cysts * Henle Fiber Layer * Serous Retinal Detachment * Macular Hole * Macular Scar * Epiretinal Membrane * Subretinal Fibrosis * Extracellular * Vasogenic Edema * Blood Retinal Barrier * Hydrostatic Pressure * Plasma Protein * Oncotic Pressure * Starling Forces * Muller Cell * Intracellular * Cytotoxic Edema * Potassium Ions * Inner Nuclear Layer * Plexiform Layers * Photoreceptors * Solute * Internal Limiting Membrane * Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Disclaimer - These videos are not authored or edited by a physician. Information contained in these videos may not be complete, accurate, current or appropriate and as such, should not be relied on when making medical decisions. Any statements, or lack thereof, should not be construed as medical advice. As always, consult your physician without delay when making medical decisions.