Great stuff Dave, thanks for all your help and effort organising this.
Just to give you an example, if you want a set of laser safety glasses for use with a carbon dioxide laser, you want the LG6, that is, the one that is right at the bottom of the page. (OD7 at 10.6 um or thereabouts.)
http://www.thorlabs.hk/catalogpages/V21/455.PDF They are $147.90 USD per head plus any applicable taxes and shipping.
(Thor Labs is a pretty good and *relatively cheap* supplier of respectable-quality optical systems for research and industry.)
So, how many sets of $150 glasses do you think we want to budget for?
However, with a laser system of this nature, laser safety glasses are arguably inappropriate, especially when their high cost is factored in.
Ultimately, though, you've got to decide if "comfortable" justifies the high cost of proper safety glasses if it's not technically needed for safe and successful results.
And I would *not* go for a suggestion that we should buy some shonky $19.95 laser safety glasses from some random eBay guy that are not CE certified with known good optical density characteristics at the appropriate wavelength, if somebody suggested something like that.
Because that's just fake "safety theatre", as Schneier would put it.
Either we decide that one or more pairs of safety glasses is desirable and their desirableness outweighs the cost and we get the proper ones from a credible vendor (even if they are on the order of a hundred bucks) or we get none at all because they are not required for safe and successful use and any slight degree of small added safety or "feeling comfortable" does not justify the cost.
Personally I believe in the latter option.
If you've got glasses like that and the 50W laser beam hits them, it will simply cut/burn straight through the glasses. They're only a couple of millimeters of plastic.
Argh, ze goggles, they do nuthink!
(To re-phrase that another way in more technical terms, the "scale number", which is basically a measurement of how much power density can be dissipated into the glasses, as discussed in the Thor catalog linked above, cannot be practically made high enough for any realistic set of safety glasses to deal with a continuous-wave 50W CO2 laser.)
The only possible thing that the glasses will protect you eyes against with a laser of this power is "diluted" laser light, that is, diffuse reflected or scattered light from the laser beam.
But if you've got a situation where the laser beam comes freely out into the room, and you want safety glasses in order to protect people's eyes from diffuse, reflected and scattered light from the laser beam, then you really need glasses for every person in the room, because every person in the room is vulnerable. That's a lot of money.
The glasses will not protect your eyes if a situation was somehow created where the laser beam has "escaped" from the laser cutter's steel chassis and is pointed towards your eyes, hitting your safety glasses. In fact, in that situation you're probably going to cop an eyeful of smoke and burning plastic and bits of molten burning safety glasses in your eyes on top of the damage from the laser beam itself.
But that situation where the laser beam "escapes" out in the room should never exist and it should never be allowed to exist.
Furthermore, if some situation somehow is created where the laser beam "escapes", the safety glasses do absolutely nothing in terms of preventing burning and cutting of tissue, setting fire to clothing, or setting fire to other combustible materials in the environment.
All these sorts of commercial laser cutter units are Class I laser devices, because the laser is inside an enclosed box and the laser light cannot
escape outside this structure and the lid is interlocked.
This means that the overall laser cutter device is a Class I laser device even though the actual laser itself is a Class IV laser.
Just like how a optical disk drive is a Class I laser device even though the actual laser diode inside it is Class II or III, because it's manufactured and packaged in a closed box and the laser light can't get out.
(Unless you deliberately take it apart and hack it, but that's your problem and not the manufacturer's problem. What we're talking about here is safe use where potentially dangerous *accidental* situations are protected against, not that sort of deliberate modification of the device.)
Every off-the-shelf laser engraver or cutter of this sort from Redsail or Epilog or whatever is basically supposed to just be a plug-and-play solution, where pretty much any idiot can use it safely and successfully (and in compliance with all usual OHS/political/bureaucratic requirements) in a manufacturing environment, for example.
In an environment where you've got "naked" Class III or Class IV lasers where the beam is open into free space, for example in a research lab environment, where the laser beam comes out into free space on your optical table or whatever, where people can actually touch the laser light under normal conditions, then you've got all sorts of engineering controls and OHS controls you have to have.
You have to your laser interlocks *on the door to the room*, your laser-on lights outside the room and appropriate signage, your lasers registered with ARPANSA and licences you've got to have in some cases, you've got to have your enclosed beam pipes and shutters where possible, and you've got all sorts of paperwork and bureaucracy to deal with, you've got to have your personnel certified as Laser Safety Officers and Radiation Safety Officers and all that sort of stuff. And of course you've got your appropriate use of appropriately chosen safety glasses too.
Anybody can go and buy an off-the-shelf Epilog or RedSail or whatever of this sort (completely enclosed stand-alone unit) and use it without any of that, because it's a Class I laser device, and there is no path or mechanism for the laser radiation to get out of its safe metal box.
That's what we're going to have and should have, just like every other comparable off-the-shelf laser engraver unit.
Which means that you've got your interlock microswitch on the lid, which we do, and you certainly don't operate the laser cutter without any of the other maintenance/service chassis panels opened up. Which there is no use case to do anyway.
Yep, acrylic, polycarbonate, glass, water (and the lens and vitreous humor in your eye) and pretty much anything else will absorb very well at 10.6 um. If you want to get a material that transmits radiation well at that wavelength without absorption then you have to start looking at very specialised materials like zinc selenide, which is what the lens is typically made from in these sorts of CO2 laser systems.
I think the cover is fine as is, and if it was ever desirable to replace it (eg. because of the ugly crack?), any old acrylic or polycarbonate is fine.
Of course, you still have the same issue I mentioned with the safety glasses - just as you mentioned, if the plastic cover gets hit directly with the beam, the beam will simply burn a hole through it.
However, this will be immediately obvious during laser operation, and it should never happen, because to put the laser beam on that angle would basically require gross misalignment of the second-last mirror in the mirror chain (this is probably mechanically impossible given the nature of the mirror mount) to take the laser beam outside the plane that it normally travels in and send it up there to hit the lid. Extremely unlikely.
Basically, the acrylic/polycarbonate cover will absorb any diffuse reflected or scattered laser light safely. (diffuse reflected or scattered light won't burn or melt the plastic, there's not enough power density there.), and it would provide a limited safeguard (and obvious indication) in the extremely unlikely case of the beam being directed in such a way that it can directly hit the lid.
Absolutely. There is no way that any amount of expense and engineering controls can ever stop somebody who is intent on doing, for example, this:
http://www.instructables.com/id/Laser-Tattoo/(Not that it's dangerous or fatal... I've watched somebody hack the lid interlocks on their institution's laser engraver and do it. Somebody more masochistic than me, that's for sure. It heals and disappears in a week or so, depending on laser power setting. The burnt skin smell is yuck, so you've got to have the ventilation on.)
I don't believe in spending hundreds of dollars or spending countless hours on engineering (or on politics/bureaucracy) to construct some sort of attempt to stop people doing something silly, because if they're hell-bent that that's what they want to do they're going to do it anyway.
There's no point spending many hundreds of dollars in the belief that you can somehow counteract that, because you can't, and if somebody does something that you consider silly even though they do it wilfully and deliberately, knowing what they're doing, well, it's their responsibility and it's their problem, not anybody else's responsibility of problem.
Cheers,