The first public release of bash-3.0 is now available with the URLs

ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz

and from the usual GNU mirror sites.

This tar file does not include the formatted documentation
(postscript, dvi, html, and nroffed versions of the manual pages);
that may be retrieved with the URLs

ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-3.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-3.0.tar.gz

When unpacking the documentation, make sure to extract the tar file
in the bash-3.0 source directory.

Diffs from bash-2.05b are available with the URLs

ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-2.05b-3.0.diff.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-2.05b-3.0.diff.gz

Make sure to apply the diffs using `patch -p1' from within a
patched bash-2.05b source directory.

Please use `bashbug' to report bugs with this version.  It is built
and installed at the same time as bash.

Installation
============

Please read the README file first.

Installation instructions are provided in the INSTALL file.

New Features
============

This is the third major release of bash.

Bash-3.0 provides a number of bug fixes and cleanups to the features
introduced in the previous several releases.  More improvements and
speedups to the multibyte character support are present.  Several bug fixes
for POSIX compliance came in from Apple; their assistance is appreciated.
A significant change is the further internationalization of the shell: the
GNU libintl library has been integrated, every shell message has been
marked for possible translation into other languages, and the standard GNU
framework for incorporating such translations is in place.  Support for
the bash debugger (a separate project) has been integrated.  A number of
smaller new features are listed below.

Read the file NEWS in the bash-3.0 distribution for a complete description
of the new features.  Here is a short list:

o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there
  is a new `extdebug' option to turn the non-default options on

o HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of options and has been
  extended with a new `erasedups' option that will result in only one
  copy of a command being kept in the history list

o Brace expansion has been extended with a new {x..y} form, producing
  sequences of digits or characters

o Timestamps are now kept with history entries, with an option to save
  and restore them from the history file; there is a new HISTTIMEFORMAT
  variable describing how to display the timestamps when listing history
  entries

o The `[[' command can now perform extended regular expression (egrep-like)
  matching, with matched subexpressions placed in the BASH_REMATCH array
  variable

o A new `pipefail' option causes a pipeline to return a failure status if
  any command in it fails

o The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
  in their arguments even if job control is not enabled

Changes have been made to the Readline library being released at
the same time as bash-3.0, readline-5.0, so that Bash can be
linked against an already-installed Readline library rather than
the private version in lib/readline.  Only readline-5.0 and later
versions are able to provide all of the symbols that bash-3.0
requires; earlier versions of the Readline library will not work
correctly.

A complete list of changes between bash-2.05b and bash-3.0 is
available in the file CHANGES; the relevant portions are appended.

Readline
========

Also available is a new release of the standalone readline library,
version 5.0, with its own configuration scripts and Makefiles.
It can be retrieved with the URLs

ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/readline-5.0.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/readline/readline-5.0.tar.gz

and from the usual GNU mirror sites.

Diffs from readline-4.3 are available with the URLs

ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/readline-4.3-5.0.diff.gz
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/readline/readline-4.3-5.0.diff.gz

Make sure to install the patches using `patch -p1 < patch-file' from
within a readline-4.3 source directory.

The formatted Readline documentation is included in the readline
distribution tar file.

A separate announcement listing the changes in Readline is being
distributed.

As always, thanks for your help.

Chet

+========== CHANGES ==========+
This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.

1.  Changes to Bash

a.  Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
    completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
    functions.

b.  Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
    preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.

c.  Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
    expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
    the file system.

d.  Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
    reading the startup files.

e.  Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.

2.  Changes to Readline

a.  Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
    before beginning a non-interactive search.

b.  Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.

c.  Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
    arguments.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.

1.  Changes to Bash

a.  Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
    an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.

b.  System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.

c.  Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
    expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.

d.  Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
    when the file system had changed underneath the shell.

e.  Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
    expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
    operators were separated by whitespace.

f.  Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
    counter to the documentation.  (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
    emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)

g.  Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
    pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.

h.  Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
    some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.

i.  `unalias' now  returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.

j.  Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.

k.  $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
    body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.

l.  The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
    access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
    secure temporary file creation.

m.  Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
    longer than PATH_MAX characters.

n.  Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
    with identical names.

o.  Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
    when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
    bytes.

p.  The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
    is specified.

q.  Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
    with a mask of all 0s.

r.  When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
    appears to specify.

s.  Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
    connected to a tty; formerly it  was stdin and stdout.  POSIX requires
    this.

t.  Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
    right kind of filename generation).

2.  Changes to Readline

a.  Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
    moving between history lines while doing searches.

b.  Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
    containing multibyte characters.

c.  Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
    to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.

d.  Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
    incorrectly.

e.  Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
    to not be remembered across different command lines.

f.  Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
    the line.

3.  New Features in Bash

a.  The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
    even if job control is not enabled.

b.  The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
    to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
    now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.

4.  New Features in Readline

a.  When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
    `mark-directories' option has been enabled.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.

1.  Changes to Bash

a.  Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.

b.  Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
    substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
    calling shell.

c.  Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
    attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
    problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
    the parent.

d.  Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
    compliance.

e.  Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.

f.  Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
    arrays.

g.  Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
    the exit trap to be run.

h.  Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
    closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".

i.  Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
    files are honored.

j.  If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
    the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
    status of the shell.

k.  The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
    compound array assignment statement.

l.  When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
    words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
    expansions.

m.  Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
    shell think it was still running the trap.

n.  Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.

o.  Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
    rather than being a syntax error.

p.  The pattern substitution coded no longer performs quote removal on the
    pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.

q.  Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
    command name was being completed.

r.  Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
    with multibyte characters better (and faster).

s.  Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
    multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.

t.  Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
    at shell startup.

u.  Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
    not work correctly.

v.  Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
    `read -a'.

w.  Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
    hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
    character of $IFS was not a space.

x.  Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
    `>&word' redirection.

y.  Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
    if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.

2.  Changes to Readline

a.  Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
    one, as the documention states.

b.  Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
    multibyte characters.

c.  Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.

d.  Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
    last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
    next-to-last character.

e.  Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
    case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
    contained backslashes quoting word break characters.

f.  Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
    invisible characters.

g.  Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
    when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.

h.  Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.

i.  Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
    used as history word delimiters.

3.  New Features in Bash

a.  printf builtin understands two new escape sequences:  \" and \?.

b.  `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences:  \" and \?.

c.  The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
    messages can be translated into different languages.

d.  The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.

e.  The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
    as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
    the error as coming from bash.

4.  New Features in Readline

a.  New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
    quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
    function.

b.  New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
    application completion function.  If set to non-zero, readline does not
    attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.

c.  New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
    value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
    Set before readline calls any application completion function.

d.  New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
    needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted.  Allows
    the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.

e.  New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout.  Does the same thing as
    unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---
This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.

1.  Changes to Bash

a.  Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
    defined.

b.  Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.

c.  Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
    being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
    read and buffered script to be discarded.

d.  Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
    descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
    circumstances.

e.  Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
    a null wide character when doing string operations.

f.  Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
    input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.

g.  Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.

h.  The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
    commands.

i.  The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
    when the expanded string is null.

j.  The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
    variable assignments while expanding the expression.

k.  Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
    IFS is set, but null.

l.  Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
    open brace to inhibit brace expansion.

m.  Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
    not be recognized as a restricted shell.

n.  Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
    to an invalid location and result in a core dump.

o.  Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
    single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
    `history -n'.

p.  Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
    core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.

q.  Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
    EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.

r.  Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
    core dumps.

s.  The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
    operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
    entered and parsed.

t.  The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
    $IFS is used to split.

u.  The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
    variable values when LC_ALL is unset.

v.  The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
    word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.

w.  The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
    and `set -x' is enabled.

x.  Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.

y.  The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
    reporting the existence of new mail.

z.  The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
    within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
    `shopt'.  For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.

aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
    $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.

bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
    spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
    to use a command containing a slash.

cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
    when performing ${param/word/} expansion.

dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
    a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.

ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
    because an aliase's value ends with a space.

ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
    even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.

gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
    before resending SIGINT to itself.

hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
    thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.

ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
    functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
    the results.

jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
    expansions ends with a space.

kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
    dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
    list of variables.

ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
    string if the shell is started with editing disabled.

mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
    quoted null character removal.

nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
    line number (aids the bash debugger).

oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
    commands, for commands, and select commands.

pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
    rather than alloca().

qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
    appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.

rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
    a `*' when extglob is enabled.

ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
    invoked in a function to misbehave.

tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
    by the internal shell string quoting functions.

uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
    to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.

vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
    in the current shell.

ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
    expanding a multiline alias.

xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
    changed the compspec.

yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
    notifications of completed jobs.

zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
    (which is what emacs shell windows do).

aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
     a leading `SIG'.

bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
     builtin commands.

ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
     so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.

ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
     first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
     to its original disposition if it is.

eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
     pattern substitution and removal expansions.

fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
     $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.

ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.

hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
     NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
     is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
     (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)

iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
     changes if a child process exits due to a signal.

jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
     executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
     current directory.

kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
     owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.

lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
     <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.

mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
     if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.

nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
     invoked as `-c command'.

2.  Changes to Readline

a.  Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
    multibyte character code.

b.  Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.

c.  Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.

d.  Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
    when more is available.

e.  Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
    characters.

f.  Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
    every other match.

g.  Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
    output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
    characters.  This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
    slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.

h.  History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
    to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.

i.  The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
    precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
    variables.

j.  Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
    part of bash.

k.  The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.

l.  Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.

m.  The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
    keyboard input.

n.  Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.

o.  The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
    special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
    are reflected in the readline bindings.  New application-callable function
    to make it work:  rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().

p.  Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
    changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.

q.  Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
    supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
    new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.

r.  Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.

s.  Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
    SA_RESTART.

t.  Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
    multibyte characters.

u.  Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.

v.  The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
    quoted substrings on which to perform completion.

w.  The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
    history list.

3.  New Features in Bash

a.  ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.

b.  There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.

c.  New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
    idea of word break characters.

d.  The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
    will actually be performed.    

e.  HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
    more extensibility and backwards compatibility.

f.  HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
    matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.

g.  `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
    character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.

h.  New variables to support the bash debugger:  BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
    BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
    BASH_COMMAND

i.  FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
    variable.

j.  for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
    for the debugger.

k.  There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
    returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
    if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).

l.  New invocation option:  --debugger.  Enables debugging and turns on new
    `extdebug' shell option.

m.  New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
    traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions.  Equivalent to
    `set -T' and `set -E' respectively.  The `functrace' option also controls
    whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.

n.  The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
    list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
    query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
    command.

o.  New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
    support code.

p.  `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
    if the `extdebug' option is set.

q.  If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
    the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
    function or sourced script forces a `return'.

r.  New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.

s.  The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
    executed, for the debugger.

t.  `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
    enabled.

u.  There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
    x+2,...,y}.  x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
    may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.

v.  New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
    of array.

w.  New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
    FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
    if they're the only possibilities.

x.  New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
    style' (filename:lineno:message) format.

y.  New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
    whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
    result in a match.

z.  New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
    name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
    possible completions.

aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
    job control.

bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
    strftime(3).  If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
    timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
    history entries.  If set, bash tells the history library to write out
    timestamp information when the history file is written.

cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
    extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.

dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
    to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].

ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
    BASH_REMATCH array variable.

ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
    expansion fails to produce a match.

gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
    status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
    one.

4.  New Features in Readline

a.  History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
    for compatibility with the BSD csh.

b.  History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
    modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.

c.  All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
    replacing the current line with the history line.

d.  The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
    `.'.

e.  New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'.  If set, the readline
    completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
    than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.

f.  There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.

g.  History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
    functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
    with each entry.

h.  Four new key binding functions have been added:

        rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
        rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
        rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
        rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()