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Read the file, say using dlmread(), csvread(), load(), fgetl(),
textscan() or something similar.
The x,y,y coordinates should then be in an array. Assuming each
element or row is one specific time, then you can use diff() to find
the velocity, which is just the difference in the distances divided by
the time difference (which is 1 unit). So for each time, you now know
the location and the velocity. From the velocity you can assign a
color, for example
colorTable = jet(100);
thisColor = jet(round(velocity));
assuming velocities are in the range 0-100. Scale things if they are
not in that range.
Then call fill or patch to draw a polygon at the specified location
with thisColor.
I think these are major hints and guidance and you should be able to
take it from here. Almost anything additional and I'd just be handing
the code over to you.