A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T H E C O H E R E N T F O R U M :
Comp.os.coherent (Usenet) / Coherent list on ListServ@IndyCMS
Rev. 1.4
12/23/91
Quickly revised by: fing...@innuendo.tlug.org
done on: 06/03/1995
C O N T E N T S :
A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O H E R E N T
What is Coherent?
Will Coherent run on my system?
What incompatibilities are known?
Does Coherent support SCSI drives?
Can I still run DOS?
What about technical support?
What revision is Coherent?
How many people run Coherent?
Can source postings be made in this newsgroup (comp.os.coherent)?
Public domain software:
Where do I get the public domain software?
When will we see Coherent 386?
Heated discussions of the group:
T E C H N I C A L T I P S
Modem devices:
Remote logins:
Fast modems:
Simultaneous users:
Usenet news software:
Email packages:
The 64K question:
Compiler hints:
Hardware configurations:
Termio hints:
Curses:
More uucp:
How to create a bootable >>>R/W<<< floppy from Coherent:
Master Boot Reinstallation:
Line Printer Help:
Moving data from a Sun to Coherent:
Multi-Volume Archive:
SCSI MKFS Notes:
DOS to Coherent:
Uuinstall Bug Help:
Xwindows:
Disclaimer:
Trademarks:
K E E P E R S O F T H E F A Q:
Joachim Riedel j...@connie.convex.com
Mike Willett m...@array.com,
NOTICE:
Please read the disclaimer near the end of this
article before attempting anything in reference
to this article.
A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O H E R E N T
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
WHAT IS COHERENT?
Coherent is a multi-tasking, multi-user operating system for IBM PC's
and compatibles. It will run on most systems with a 286, 386, or 486
CPU. Coherent closely represents the Unix operating system, but, it is
not Unix. Coherent appears to be very similar to System 7 Unix, or for
those of you that have not had the pleasure, close to System 5 Unix.
Coherent includes uucp (Coherent to Coherent Copy) :) and many more
functions you would expect with Unix. Coherent is small and simple,
easy to maintain, and does not require extensive CPU resources to
operate well. It does not have network nor X windows support, and does
not require an AT&T license for Unix. It is as advertised, a quick,
elegant Unix-like multi-tasking, multi-user Operating System, with good
documentation.
WILL COHERENT RUN ON MY SYSTEM?
Coherent runs on just about all 286-386-486 systems. To list them here
would make this document far too lengthy. It is suggested that if you
are in doubt, buy Coherent, and when it is almost beyond a doubt that
you can not run Coherent on your machine, to return the software and
documentation to the the Mark Williams Company within 60 days for a
full refund as per their policy.
WHAT INCOMPATIBILITIES ARE KNOWN?
IBM XT compatibles will not work, since the Coherent operating system
uses the 286 protected mode. Coherent will not run on an AT&T 6300,
IBM PS/2 model, or with the Western Digital WD1004-27X (XT) or other XT
controllers. Coherent exhibits a slight problem with 386 AMI BIOS,
whereas Coherent requires a cold boot (hit the reset switch, not CTL-
ALT-DEL) to boot Coherent after previously running DOS. Also, Coherent
support engineer (d...@mwc.com) issued a statement to direct people
away from IDE drives if at all possible, because IDE drives are hard to
support, and are not standardized. Coherent does run on many IDE
drives however.
DOES COHERENT SUPPORT SCSI DRIVES:
Coherent3.2 release now supports the following SCSI drive controllers:
Adaptec AHA-1540 a/b controllers,
Seagate ST01 and 02 controllers,
Future Domain controller, and
Smart Connex SCSI controller
CAN I STILL RUN DOS?
Yes, Coherent can reside on a disk partition separate from DOS, and
likewise DOS on a partition separate from Coherent. You can boot
either one at boot time via a "boot strap" program. They will not run
concurrently however. DOS file systems are available to Coherent with
the Coherent DOS command, so files can be transferred from DOS to
Coherent, Coherent to DOS.
WHAT ABOUT TECHNICAL SUPPORT?
Since The MWC went out of business in early 1995, the only support
is the news group, and mailing list. It's always been the best way to
get your questions answers, and now there is no question about it.
WHAT REVISION IS COHERENT?
Coherent is presently at the 3.2 revision for the 286 version of
coherent. for 386's there is a 4.x version.
Features of the 3.2 update include:
KSH - A clone of the UNIX System - V.2 Korn Shell
Enhanced version of the Bourne Shell
New mail facility, supporting domain-style routing
Enhanced troff, that supports PostScript and LaserJet binary fonts
More than a dozen new commands
New and updated online manual pages
Various minor enhancements and bug fixes
HOW MANY PEOPLE RUN COHERENT?
It has been estimated that there are in total about 60,000 copies of
coherent 3.x and 4.x currently being used in the world.
CAN POSTINGS BE MADE IN THIS NEWS GROUP (COMP.OS.COHERENT)?
It is somewhat accepted that source for Coherent will be posted in this
news group occasionally. Keep in mind that large postings cost money
to those that pay for telephone and connect time, so perhaps a short
posting to query general interest should precede the posting. Direct
mailing should be used if there is small interest, and a posting to
archive sites such as piggy and orca. If the interest is overwhelming,
a posting to this news group may be in order, along with posting to an
archive site such as piggy and orca. Posting to this newsgroup has been
a topic of constant debate... :( We hope to soon have a source news
group for coherent, yet another topic of debate... :)
The official FTP site for coherent files is: silver.cstpl.com.au
PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE:
Several public domain packages are available for use on a Coherent
machine. These range from improved mailing packages and spread sheets,
to at least four news programs, such as bsnews, cnews, gnews, wnews,
along with readers such as rn, tass, and more.
WHERE DO I GET THE PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE?
There are several ways to get public domain software:
1. FTP site (silver.sctpl.com.au)
2. Mailserver (ListServ@IndyCMS)
3. Privately owned BBSs
4. The OZ / NZ Coherent Users Group
FTP sites:
On the Internet, a number of sites have provided access to public
domain software via ftp. So far these are:
Machine I'net Address Archive administrator
--------------- ------------- --------------------
silver.cstpl.com.au ? root@silver... ?
** The rest I think are no longer coherent sites **
piggy.ucsb.edu 128.111.72.50 j...@piggy.ucsb.edu
ferkel.ucsb.edu ?
cavevax.ucsb.edu ?
orca.alaska.edu 137.229.10.36 sx...@orca.alaska.edu
"Silver" has been the most popular site for Coherent ftp and is often
referred to in comp.os.coherent discussions. Please show your
appreciation for utilizing the archives by limiting access to "off
hours". An occasional thank you note is probably appreciated too, as
archiving and ftp administration is often a thankless job, and a very
generous privilege offered to you! ftp can be used with the login name
"anonymous" and enter your email address as a password, such as
jon...@foobar.com.
MailServers:
ListServ@IndyCMS has been offering a mailserver service since before
the start of comp.os.coherent. It is a gateway between two nets:
Machine Address Mailserver Administrator
------------------------------------ ------------------------
ListServ@IndyCMS (CREN) IJBH200@IndyVAX (CREN)
ListS...@IndyCMS.IUPUI.Edu (Internet) IJBH...@IndyVAX.IUPUI.Edu (I)
Coherent@IndyCMS is bidirectional gateway between the ListServ list
Coherent and Usenet newsgroup comp.os.coherent co-owned and coordinated
by John Harlan and Phil Corporon. All original postings to
comp.os.coherent Usenet group are automatically distributed to the
ListServ list, and everything posted to the ListServ list Coherent, is
automatically posted to comp.os.coherent on Usenet. John Harlan
humorously adds: "And all without mail looping :-)"
To get a list of Coherent files from ListServ, mail the ListServ
mailserver as follows, with the contents of the message being the
mailserver command:
% mail ListS...@IndyCMS.IUPUI.Edu
Subject: (none)
INDEX COHERENT
WHEN WILL WE SEE COHERENT 386?
The Mark Williams Company has released version 4.x of it's coherent
operating system. This is a 386-only operating system.
HEATED DISCUSSIONS OF THE GROUP:
Mark Williams Company has a patent on bit ordering, which is a software
patent. Most think that this is obvious art in software, and should
not be patentable, not to mention a move in the software world (i.e.,
FSF) that "software" should not be patentable in the first place. The
Mark Williams Company has committed to comment on this some time in the
future.
T E C H N I C A L T I P S :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
MODEM FAQ:
MODEM DEVICES:
Q: What devices should I use with a modem for dialing in / dialing out
A: For dialing in you should use a device with modem control. For example
com1r or com2r. That is important to ensure that when the calling site
dropped carrier, that also at your site SIGHUP is sent to already running
processes, to ensure that the modem hangs up (dropping DTR) and a new
getty is opened on that port to enable further logins.
For dialing out or local terminals you do not need modem control
Also you do not have to worry about cabling problems, just use some
of those null modem cables available in most computer stores.
REMOTE LOGINS:
Q: How do I enable logins via modem to my machine:
A: I assume that modem is set to AUTO-ANSWER (ATS0=1) and the cabling
is ok.
Edit the file /etc/ttys. Here an example for com2:
0rPcom2r
0 = not yet enabled (enable = allow login, run getty)
r = remote access (will enable asking of a password
for remote-access (see /etc/passwd)
Why ? System security, additional password
P = speed (your modem is connected to the computer)
P = 9600 Baud, I use this for my Telebit Modem
com2r = device with modem control, when CARRIER is lost it
will sent SIGHUP to all processes running on that
line and will also drop DTR so a modem hangup or
a modern modem does a hardware reset.
Now type the following:
enable com2r (for Coherent 3.2 that's enough)
kill -1 1 (Coherent 3.0.0 or 3.1.0, Process INIT will start
a getty on com2r)
FAST MODEMS:
Q: Can I use fast modems with Coherent ?
A: Yes you can. But you must think about the following:
a) maximum Baudrate between modem - machine is 9600 Baud
(Coherent as a multiuser/multitasking environment is
not fast enough for 19200 Baud)
b) cps-rates in transfer depend on modem/method
calling into my machine (T2500) with a USR, using sz for transfer:
480 cps to 600 cps (compressed, uncompressed files)
calling out with uucp (T2500):
860 cps
The rate may differ if you use a slow 286 or 386. The above results
were yielded with a 386/33.
SIMULTANEOUS USERS:
Q: I want to use Coherent as a multiuser operating system. How many
users can work with it at the same time ?
A: Now 11 User:
console : 1
com1 : 1
com2 : 1
Multiport : 8
--------------
11
I still do not know if there are device drivers for intelligent
Multiport-Cards but as far as I know there are only drivers for
"dumb" Multiport-Cards and only in polled mode.
Therefore you need a very fast machine for "multiuser"
USENET NEWS SOFTWARE:
Q: Is there any Net-News Sofware for Coherent ?
A: Yes, there are several packages available:
1. CNEWS - the famous package
difficult to install (although there is a nice installation
script in the Coherent version). Only for advanced users !
Has no reader !
2. WNEWS 3.0 - News for MINIX, ported to Coherent
based on BNEWS - small, not bad
Has no reader
3. GNEWS 2.0 (or newer now ?)
all you need for News, easy to install, Newsreader, nice
4. rn
the well known newsreader
5. tass
curses based newsreader. Nice, but you should not have
too much groups or articles in /usr/spool/news.
6. bsnews
small news package for receiving news via email
EMAIL PACKAGES:
Q: I do not like Coherent's mailer. What can I use instead of it ?
A: WMAIL 3.63 - a minix port, MAILX-clone
comb 1.29 - curses based mailer, nice interface
You should ensure that in both cases you have smail 2.5 as
a smart-mailer that understands domain addresses.
smail 2.5 is already in Coherent 3.2
THE 64K QUESTION:
Q: Does Coherent really have a 64 kb limitation ? I want to port
the GNU-C-Compiler and compile big programs.
A: Coherent programs are limited to 64 K for code and 64 k for data
and stack. The limit is not in the compiler, it's in the kernel
or at least in the actual system design. No process can exceed this
limitation.
But Binaries in Coherent are about 40 % smaller so big programs
for "Real-UNIXES" may also be portable
COMPILER HINTS:
Q: I write a C-program that seems to be ok but it still core dumped.
Is this a compiler error ? Is my program wrong ?
A: If a program needs a lot of space for local data (resided on the
stack in most cases) then the maximum size for the stack may be
exceeded and your return addresses or other important things were
overwritten.
With the program fixstack you can increase the size for the stack
(and also cut the space for data)
Try size my_prog before and after fixstacking to see the difference.
HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS:
Q: What hardware (Motherboard, hard disk) do I need for Coherent ?
A: Difficult question. Minimum is a AT 286 with 640 KB RAM and a
hard disk (MFM,RLL,ESDI,SCSI (some), IDE (some)) with at least
10 MB free disk space.
Nevertheless Coherent is not the fastest operating system, so
a 386 with at least 25 MHZ and 4 MB RAM and a fast hard disk
(a hard disk is always too small !!!!) is the minimum config-
uration for a usable multi-user-operating.
TERMIO HINTS:
Q: I compiled a program that uses termio but it did not work.
A: The termio in Coherent (at least 3.1.0 and the first 3.2.0) did
not work in all cases. So try the sgtty, that works fine.
When porting programs try to find the -DBSD-parts. There you will
find in most cases the sgtty-parts you need for porting.
CURSES:
Q: I compiled a program that uses curses but the screen sometimes get
garbled or the machine seems to hang
A: Maybe you still have an old libcurses.a. Replace it with a newer
copy.
MORE UUCP:
Q: I often loose email or files after receiving them with UUCP.
A: Try to get the newest UUCP-update from MWCBBS. The old packages
still have some problems. Check the permissions, at least for example
with comparing them with those on your original diskettes.
Check also the permissions of the needed directories.
In /usr/spool/uucp/Logs./uucp-program you will find the "hints" of the
"uucp-program" (uucico, uucp, uux,uuxqt) what goes wrong.
In Coherent 3.2. you have the program uucheck that will check your
uucp-installation and is also able to "fix" problems. But you have to
run it twice if you run it as root because the first time it creates
the needed directories and the second run sets the correct permission.
Q: I am having a problem connecting to uucp sites not running Coherent
after updating to Coherent 3.2. The error looks like a parity
problem, with an {expect} / {actually got} output like:
uu315323t 342og310n: (With backslashes before the numbers)
Again, get the latest UUCP package from MWCBBS. The 3.2 Coherent
release may exibit a parity problem which is cured with the latest
uucp release.
HOW TO CREATE A BOOTABLE >>>R/W<<< FLOPPY from Coherent
From: Peter Fillingham filling...@att.com
The COHERENT Operating System Release Notes (Release 3.1.0) along with
the main manual suggest ways of creating a bootable floppy. One
difficulty of this procedure is that, after producing a bootable
floppy, one can't write to it ! The following shell programs are
suggested as a way making a bootable floppy, and below is the fix
recommended by mwc for making the bootable floppy system read-write.
(0) first boot your system from your hard disk, login in as root, use
mkdir to make a convenient subdirectory [e.g., /bin/temp ]. cd to
/bin/temp. Place disk #1 of your mwc original floppies in drive A:,
then enter
dd if=/dev/fha0 of=cohboot count=80 bs=30b
Run it in the background if you wish [follow the above line with an &;
use ps -axfl is you are curious]. This will take just over three
minutes depending on the speed of your system. What is going on is
that dd is creating an image of your boot floppy in you default
directory with the file name cohboot.
(1) Next run the following shell program:
echo "/etc/fdformat -v /dev/fha0"
/etc/fdformat -v /dev/fha0
echo "/etc/bad scan -o proto /dev/fha0 2400"
/etc/bad scan -o proto /dev/fha0 2400
Run it in the background if you wish; it takes time. The echo lines
simply display each command line just before it is carried out to tell
you what is going on. The second and fourth lines format the floppy and
check for bad blocks, respectively. In addition, a file (proto) is
being built in your default subdirectory. This file will contain a
list of the bad blocks: look for a line with %b in it. Probably it is
best to use only a floppy with NO bad blocks: so try until you find
one.
(2) make sure you have a subdirectory /f0 on your hard disk;
if not, use mkdir /f0.
(3) Next run the following shell program:
echo "/etc/mkfs /dev/fha0 proto"
/etc/mkfs /dev/fha0 proto
echo "cp /conf/boot.fha /dev/fha0"
cp /conf/boot.fha /dev/fha0
echo "dd if=cohboot of=/dev/fha0 count=80 bs=30b"
dd if=cohboot of=/dev/fha0 count=80 bs=30b
echo "/etc/mount /dev/fha0 /f0"
/etc/mount /dev/fha0 /f0
echo "cd /f0 "
cd /f0
echo " DONE but f0 still mounted !"
The second line produces the file system on the floppy using the
information from file proto. The fourth line copies boot.fha to the
floppy. The sixth line transfers the image of your system boot floppy
to your newly formatted disk (note all these things take time).
Finally, the floppy is mounted so that while you have booted from the
hard disk and have root permissions you can write to the floppy. The
last line simply rings the bell and tells you it is done.
(4) next (noting that your default directory is /f0, i.e. the
floppy disk) enter:
mv begin autoboot
then enter
db coherent
then enter
ronflag
the response is
ronflag=001
then enter
.=0
then a response appears
ronflag=000
then enter
:q
and you should get back your prompt.
(5) Finally while the floppy is still mounted, cp over your most useful
programs to the appropriate directories (e.g., vi or me, du, df
...) Lastly umount f0, shutdown, sync and boot your writable
floppy.
MASTER BOOT REINSTALLATION:
From: d...@mwc.com (Doug Peterson)
I want to upgrade the DOS partition from MS-DOS 3.3 to 5.0, and the
installation program refuses to work with the Coherent master bootstrap
program. It no longer asks for the ability to boot Coherent!
The problem specifically is caused be Micrsoft's faulty update install
procedure. They assume you have no other operating system on the
computer.
When the 5.0 update install is run, the procedure archives the original
master boot block of the hard drive and rewrites a brand new one.
Problem is, it takes Coherent's master boot along with it. To restore
the master boot is very simple:
Use dos 5.0 fdisk to change the active partition to COHERENT. Reboot.
Use COHERENT's fdisk utility with the -b option to rewrite a new master
moot. Specifically; fdisk -b /conf/mboot /dev/at0x <ENTER>
Once completed, you can now boot either system no matter which one is
active or inactive.
LINE PRINTER HELP: From: dave@uvm-gen!pete (Dave Peterson)
I have my printer hooked up to lpt1 and cannot get any output. I have
checked my files, but, no luck. What's the problem?
1) ls -li ( The i will list the inode number, this will tell you where
you have linked /dev/lp to. )
2) ln -f /dev/lpt2 /dev/lp ( link to lpt2 IBM and MWC number the ports
differently thus lpt2 is the first printer )
[ you need to be root or bin to do the link ]
This is a partial listing of my /dev directory note the first number is
the inode number. I have linked lp to lpt2.
174 c-w--w--w- 2 bin bin 3 1 Mon Nov 25 17:36 /dev/lp
101 c-w--w--w- 1 bin bin 3 0 Fri Apr 27 1990 /dev/lpt1
174 c-w--w--w- 2 bin bin 3 1 Mon Nov 25 17:36 /dev/lpt2
173 c-w--w--w- 1 bin bin 3 2 Fri Apr 27 1990 /dev/lpt3
As a final point when you send data to /dev/lpt2 use pipes not redirection.
Try cat (file) | /dev/lpt2 it works for me.
MOVING DATA FROM A SUN TO COHERENT:
(From: PIN...@uqac.uquebec.ca (Louis Pineau))
First, the floppy have to be formatted wether on the sun or on the
Coherent system (with fdformat /dev/rfd0c on the sun). Once the floppy
is formatted, there is no need to reformat or mkfs it for the life of
the floppy or until something unusual happens.
To write and read the floppy, on both system (sun and coherent), I use
the command "ustar" since it can handle multi-volume files (files that
are too large to fit on a single floppy).
Thus, on the sun, I do:
/usr/5bin/ustar -cvf /dev/rfd0c file [files ...] to write on the floppy
/usr/5bin/ustar -tvf /dev/rfd0c to list the floppy
/usr/5bin/ustar -xvf /dev/rfd0c [file ...] to read the floppy
On my coherent system, I use the same commands without the /usr/5bin
prefix and with the proper floppy device (/dev/fva1 on my system).
I know that there is a way to read or write ms-dos formatted floppy but
in order to mount or unmount the floppy, you must become superuser.
MULTI-VOLUME ARCHIVE: (From: joac...@jr.sub.org (Joachim Riedel))
I'm trying to archive a 5 mb file (which is itself a compressed cpio
file) from hard disk onto floppy disk (fva1). I've tried cpio and tar
and even pax directly but cannot get past one volume.
Use the raw device (i.e. /dev/rfva1 ) instead of the device fva1.
SCSI MKFS NOTES: Answer From: step...@mwc.com (Stephen Davis)
I am trying to add a second scsi drive to my system. mkfs will not
accept a proto file. What do I do?
You do not badscan a SCSI drive. Instead of giving mkfs a proto file,
you give it the total number of blocks in the partition. The number of
blocks is listed in the partition table under f-disk.
DOS TO COHERENT:
Q: The question is, is it possible to read DOS-format 360KB-diskettes?
A: yes it is :-) From: l...@tfpbbs.uucp (Laurent Cas)
Here is the device type reference table:
Device name Sectors/track Heads Sectors Bytes Format
/dev/f9a0 9 2 720 360 KB 5.25"
/dev/fqa0 9 2 1440 720 KB 3.5"
/dev/fha0 15 2 2400 1.2 MB 5.25"
/dev/fva0 18 2 2880 1.44 MB 3.5"
If your 360KB drive is 'A:' (MSDOS reference) you can do dos t
/dev/f9a0 to list your disk, or if your 360KB is 'B:' you will have to
do dos t /dev/f9a1
drive A is number 0 and drive B is number 1 ; same for partitions on
your hard disk...
Cheers, Laurent.
UUINSTALL BUG HELP: (From n...@mwc.com)
Using Coherent 3.2, I run UUINSTALL, upon exiting, I am back at my
prompt, but, the system hangs. the only way to restart via a reboot.
Is this problem specific to 3.2 or is it something I have possibly
done?
This is a bug in the 3.2.0 release of uuinstall. Occasionally, upon
exiting, it leaves your terminal in "raw" mode. The Errata sheet which
is included with 3.2 releases mentions this, as far as I know. To fix
your terminal after exiting uuinstall, enter the following (note that
<ctrl-J> is the control key plus the letter J):
<ctrl-J> stty sane <ctrl-J>
XWINDOWS: (From doug@mwc:)
From time to time, we get people asking about X windows on Coherent.
Many new entrants into the field of UNIX have probably heard of the
popular UNIX graphics interface called X-WINDOWS.
X-Windows is not available for verison 3.x of coherent. It is, how ever
available for Version 4.x
X-WINDOWS was developed by MIT. To the best of our knowledge they still
hold the rights to the source code and it is in the public domain.
To the best of our knowledge, the source code takes up 110mb of disk
space! The binaries, an additional 12 - 20mb's of disk space. It
requires TCP or Streams support, neither of which is in COHERENT.
X-windows it seems, has become somewhat of a popular GUI for UNIX in a
very short time. Various hardware firms have developed and are
marketing X-workstations, servers and cards.
On page 14 of the November 1991 issue of UNIX REVIEW, is an ad for X11
Release 5 for System V/386. The price advertised is $495 with printed
manuals, $395 without. So, X is not cheap via the commercial route.
Given COHERENT'S small model compiler, it is obviously impossible at
this time for COHERENT to even compile the code, let alone run it.
COHERENT 4.x, features a 32-bit native mode compiler.
At this time, we don't envision COHERENT ever shipping with X-Windows
given the fact that the size of it would double the size of COHERENT
overnight.
DISCLAIMER:
ANY REFERENCE TO THIS ARTICLE, IN ANY FORM, IS PURELY AT YOUR OWN RISK!
All opinions, tips, and instructions in this article are those of the
contributors, and not of any company associated with the individual
contributor, or any company mentioned in this article. Any reference
to this article is done purely AT YOUR OWN RISK! The information
contained within is not guaranteed to be free of errors in any way.
The intention of this note is only to inform curious usenet readers
about some aspects of the operating system of Coherent, and those
companies mentioned are encouraged to add corrections, additions, or
suggest deletions to this note to as per their policy or willingness to
provide positive criticism.
TRADEMARKS
Unix is the trademark of AT&T / Unix System Laboratories, Inc.
Coherent is the trademark of the Mark Williams Company.
=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~= fing...@taco.tlug.org =~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=
DISCLAIMER: Only the smallest electrons were harmed in the sending of
this message. Thank you for participating.
=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~=
