What is the best way to delete strings in a string list that that match certain pattern?
Peng Yu
it B) of strings that are elements of A but doesn't match a regex. I
could use a for loop to do so. In a functional language, there is way
to do so without using the for loop.
I'm wondering what is the best way to compute B in python.
Chris Rebert
Since this sounds rather homework-y, I'll only give you a pointer:
http://docs.python.org/tutorial/datastructures.html#list-comprehensions
Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com
Peng Yu
Now, I want to in-place delete elements in A that matches the regex. I
know that I need to use del. But I'm not sure how to use the
functional style programming for this problem. Would you please let me
know?
Chris Rebert
Deletion is an imperative operation which has no direct equivalent in
functional languages, so your question is nonsensical.
To do it functionally, instead of deleting, you simply build a new
list that omits the undesired elements.
See also the built-in function filter().
Gabriel Genellina
> On Thu, Nov 5, 2009 at 10:25 PM, Chris Rebert <cl...@rebertia.com> wrote:
>> On Thu, Nov 5, 2009 at 8:19 PM, Peng Yu <peng...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>> Suppose I have a list of strings, A. I want to compute the list (call
>>> it B) of strings that are elements of A but doesn't match a regex. I
>>> could use a for loop to do so. In a functional language, there is way
>>> to do so without using the for loop.
>>>
>>> I'm wondering what is the best way to compute B in python.
>>
>> Since this sounds rather homework-y, I'll only give you a pointer:
>> http://docs.python.org/tutorial/datastructures.html#list-comprehensions
>
> Now, I want to in-place delete elements in A that matches the regex. I
> know that I need to use del. But I'm not sure how to use the
> functional style programming for this problem. Would you please let me
> know?
Functional and del don't mix. What about:
B = [item for item in A if regex.match(item) is None]
B = filter(lambda item: regex.match(item) is None, A)
--
Gabriel Genellina
Lie Ryan
> Suppose I have a list of strings, A. I want to compute the list (call
> it B) of strings that are elements of A but doesn't match a regex. I
> could use a for loop to do so. In a functional language, there is way
> to do so without using the for loop.
In functional language, there is no looping, so that argument is kind of
pointless. The looping construct in many functional language is a syntax
sugar for recursion.
In python, instead of explicit loop, you can use either:
map(pattern.match, list_of_strs)
or
[pattern.match(mystr) for mystr in list_of_strs]
or if you want to be wicked evil, you can write a recursive function as
such:
def multimatcher(list_of_strs, index=0):
return [] if index >= len(list_of_strs) else (
multimatcher(
list_of_strs[index + 1]
).append(
pattern.match(list_of_strs[index])
)
)
Diez B. Roggisch
> Suppose I have a list of strings, A. I want to compute the list (call
> it B) of strings that are elements of A but doesn't match a regex. I
> could use a for loop to do so. In a functional language, there is way
> to do so without using the for loop.
Nonsense. For processing over each element, you have to loop over them,
either with or without growing a call-stack at the same time.
FP languages can optimize away the stack-frame-growth (tail recursion) -
but this isn't reducing complexity in any way.
So use a loop, either directly, or using a list-comprehension.
Diez
Peng Yu
What is a list-comprehension?
I tried the following code. The list 'l' will be ['a','b','c'] rather
than ['b','c'], which is what I want. It seems 'remove' will disrupt
the iterator, right? I am wondering how to make the code correct.
l = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c']
for x in l:
if x == 'a':
l.remove(x)
print l
Robert P. J. Day
> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 3:05 AM, Diez B. Roggisch <de...@nospam.web.de> wrote:
> What is a list-comprehension?
>
> I tried the following code. The list 'l' will be ['a','b','c'] rather
> than ['b','c'], which is what I want. It seems 'remove' will disrupt
> the iterator, right? I am wondering how to make the code correct.
>
> l = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c']
> for x in l:
> if x == 'a':
> l.remove(x)
>
> print l
list comprehension seems to be what you want:
l = [i for i in l if i != 'a']
rday
--
========================================================================
Robert P. J. Day Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA
Linux Consulting, Training and Kernel Pedantry.
Web page: http://crashcourse.ca
Twitter: http://twitter.com/rpjday
========================================================================
Peng Yu
> On Fri, 6 Nov 2009, Peng Yu wrote:
>
>> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 3:05 AM, Diez B. Roggisch <de...@nospam.web.de> wrote:
>>
>> I tried the following code. The list 'l' will be ['a','b','c'] rather
>> than ['b','c'], which is what I want. It seems 'remove' will disrupt
>> the iterator, right? I am wondering how to make the code correct.
>>
>> l = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c']
>> for x in l:
>> if x == 'a':
>> l.remove(x)
>>
>> print l
>
> list comprehension seems to be what you want:
>
> l = [i for i in l if i != 'a']
My problem comes from the context of using os.walk(). Please see the
description of the following webpage. Somehow I have to modify the
list inplace. I have already tried 'dirs = [i for i in l if dirs !=
'a']'. But it seems that it doesn't "prune the search". So I need the
inplace modification of list.
http://docs.python.org/library/os.html
When topdown is True, the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place
(perhaps using del or slice assignment), and walk() will only recurse
into the subdirectories whose names remain in dirnames; this can be
used to prune the search, impose a specific order of visiting, or even
to inform walk() about directories the caller creates or renames
before it resumes walk() again. Modifying dirnames when topdown is
False is ineffective, because in bottom-up mode the directories in
dirnames are generated before dirpath itself is generated.
Peter Otten
> My problem comes from the context of using os.walk(). Please see the
> description of the following webpage. Somehow I have to modify the
> list inplace. I have already tried 'dirs = [i for i in l if dirs !=
> 'a']'. But it seems that it doesn't "prune the search". So I need the
> inplace modification of list.
Use
dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if d != "a"]
or
try:
dirs.remove("a")
except ValueError:
pass
MRAB
> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 10:42 AM, Robert P. J. Day <rpj...@crashcourse.ca> wrote:
>> On Fri, 6 Nov 2009, Peng Yu wrote:
>>
>>> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 3:05 AM, Diez B. Roggisch <de...@nospam.web.de> wrote:
>>>
>>> I tried the following code. The list 'l' will be ['a','b','c'] rather
>>> than ['b','c'], which is what I want. It seems 'remove' will disrupt
>>> the iterator, right? I am wondering how to make the code correct.
>>>
>>> l = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> for x in l:
>>> if x == 'a':
>>> l.remove(x)
>>>
>>> print l
>> list comprehension seems to be what you want:
>>
>
> My problem comes from the context of using os.walk(). Please see the
> description of the following webpage. Somehow I have to modify the
> list inplace. I have already tried 'dirs = [i for i in l if dirs !=
> 'a']'. But it seems that it doesn't "prune the search". So I need the
> inplace modification of list.
>
You can replace the contents of a list like this:
l[:] = [i for i in l if i != 'a']
Terry Reedy
> Now, I want to in-place delete elements in A that matches the regex.
You can to this with a for-loop *IF YOU ITERATE BACKWARDS*.
It is O(n**2) in anycase.
Dave Angel
Peng Yu wrote:
> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 10:42 AM, Robert P. J. Day <rpj...@crashcourse.ca> wrote:
>
>> On Fri, 6 Nov 2009, Peng Yu wrote:
>>
>>
>>> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 3:05 AM, Diez B. Roggisch <de...@nospam.web.de> wrote:
>>>
>>> What is a list-comprehension?
>>>
>>> I tried the following code. The list 'l' will be ['a','b','c'] rather
>>> than ['b','c'], which is what I want. It seems 'remove' will disrupt
>>> the iterator, right? I am wondering how to make the code correct.
>>>
>>> l ='a', 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> for x in l:
>>> if x ='a':
>>> l.remove(x)
>>>
>>> print l
>>>
>> list comprehension seems to be what you want:
>>
>> l =i for i in l if i != 'a']
>>
>
> My problem comes from the context of using os.walk(). Please see the
> description of the following webpage. Somehow I have to modify the
> list inplace. I have already tried 'dirs =i for i in l if dirs !'a']'. But it seems that it doesn't "prune the search". So I need the
> inplace modification of list.
>
> http://docs.python.org/library/os.html
>
> When topdown is True, the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place
> (perhaps using del or slice assignment), and walk() will only recurse
> into the subdirectories whose names remain in dirnames; this can be
> used to prune the search, impose a specific order of visiting, or even
> to inform walk() about directories the caller creates or renames
> before it resumes walk() again. Modifying dirnames when topdown is
> False is ineffective, because in bottom-up mode the directories in
> dirnames are generated before dirpath itself is generated.
>
>
The context is quite important in this case. The os.walk() iterator
gives you a tuple of three values, and one of them is a list. You do
indeed want to modify that list, but you usually don't want to do it
"in-place." I'll show you the in-place version first, then show you
the slice approach.
If all you wanted to do was to remove one or two specific items from the
list, then the remove method would be good. So in your example, you
don' t need a loop. Just say:
if 'a' in dirs:
dirs.remove('a')
But if you have an expression you want to match each dir against, the
list comprehension is the best answer. And the trick to stuffing that
new list into the original list object is to use slicing on the left
side. The [:] notation is a default slice that means the whole list.
dirs[:] = [ item for item in dirs if bool_expression_on_item ]
HTH
DaveA
Steven D'Aprano
> What is a list-comprehension?
Time for you to Read The Fine Manual.
http://docs.python.org/tutorial/index.html
> I tried the following code. The list 'l' will be ['a','b','c'] rather
> than ['b','c'], which is what I want. It seems 'remove' will disrupt the
> iterator, right? I am wondering how to make the code correct.
>
> l = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'c']
> for x in l:
> if x == 'a':
> l.remove(x)
Oh lordy, it's Shlemiel the Painter's algorithm. Please don't do that for
lists with more than a handful of items. Better still, please don't do
that.
http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000319.html
--
Steven
Peng Yu
I understand what is Shlemiel the Painter's algorithm. But if the
iterator can be intelligently adjusted in my code upon 'remove()', is
my code Shlemiel the Painter's algorithm?
Peng Yu
>
>
> Peng Yu wrote:
>>
>> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 10:42 AM, Robert P. J. Day <rpj...@crashcourse.ca>
>> wrote:
>>
>>>
>>> On Fri, 6 Nov 2009, Peng Yu wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 3:05 AM, Diez B. Roggisch <de...@nospam.web.de>
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I tried the following code. The list 'l' will be ['a','b','c'] rather
>>>> than ['b','c'], which is what I want. It seems 'remove' will disrupt
>>>> the iterator, right? I am wondering how to make the code correct.
>>>>
>>>> l ='a', 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>>> for x in l:
I suggest to add this example to the document of os.walk() to make
other users' life easier.
Robert P. J. Day
huh? why do you need the slice notation on the left? why can't you
just assign to "dirs" as opposed to "dirs[:]"? using the former seems
to work just fine. is this some kind of python optimization or idiom?
Peter Otten
> On Sat, 7 Nov 2009, Peng Yu wrote:
>
>> On Fri, Nov 6, 2009 at 5:57 PM, Dave Angel <da...@ieee.org> wrote:
>
>> > But if you have an expression you want to match each dir against,
>> > the list comprehension is the best answer. And the trick to
>> > stuffing that new list into the original list object is to use
>> > slicing on the left side. The [:] notation is a default slice
>> > that means the whole list.
>> >
>> > dirs[:] = [ item for item in dirs if bool_expression_on_item ]
>>
>> I suggest to add this example to the document of os.walk() to make
>> other users' life easier.
>
> huh? why do you need the slice notation on the left? why can't you
> just assign to "dirs" as opposed to "dirs[:]"? using the former seems
> to work just fine. is this some kind of python optimization or idiom?
dirs = [...]
rebinds the name "dirs" while
dirs[:] = [...]
updates the contents of the list currently bound to the "dirs" name. The
latter is necessary in the context of os.walk() because it yields a list of
subdirectories, gives the user a chance to update it and than uses this
potentially updated list to decide which subdirectories to descend into.
A simplified example:
>>> def f():
... items = ["a", "b", "c"]
... yield items
... print items
...
>>> for items in f():
... items = ["x", "y"]
...
['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> for items in f():
... items[:] = ["x", "y"]
...
['x', 'y']
Peter