Ada.Containers.Hash_Tables, as you noted.
Hashed_Maps is in the Standard, Hash_Tables is not; it's part of
AdaCore's implementation (and maybe others, for all I know).
GCC 4.7.0 says for Hashed_Maps
with Ada.Iterator_Interfaces;
private with Ada.Containers.Hash_Tables;
private with Ada.Finalization;
private with Ada.Streams;
generic
type Key_Type is private;
type Element_Type is private;
with function Hash (Key : Key_Type) return Hash_Type;
with function Equivalent_Keys (Left, Right : Key_Type) return Boolean;
with function "=" (Left, Right : Element_Type) return Boolean is <>;
package Ada.Containers.Hashed_Maps is
and you will see that Hash_Tables is withed privately (i.e., it's only
used in the private part, "not specified by the language").
A further clue: the comment at the start of Hash_Tables says "This
package declares the hash-table type used to implement hashed
containers."