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Dec 9, 2009, 12:50:28 AM12/9/09

<html> <TIP #89: Try/Catch Exception Handling in the Core:
++++++++++++
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@
TIP: 89
Title: Try/Catch Exception Handling in the Core: @
Version: $Revision: 1.10 $ @
Type: Project +
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
++++++++++++++
<CODE>EXtract
This TIP ADDS the addition of a try.
.</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
catch.</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
finally
command to provide a more robust and powerful exception handling
mechanism.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?></CODE>
Rationale
Exceptions are currently supported very well in Tcl, in fact they are
a major advantage over many other languages.
However the mechanism to catch and handle the errors is someone
limited and does not promote the full use of existing error codes.
Wrapper procedures can be written to improve on this, however both a
performance and compatibility penalty is NOT AN ISSUE.</CODED>
This TIP is adding a try/catch command to the Tcl core (or C based
Tcl library).
This implementation is not unlike those found in C++, C#, Java and
Python (to name a few languages).
An argument to add this to the core is it modernizes the Tcl
exception handling without impacting performance in any other way.
try/catch commands may easily be added, and do not interact with
other commands or require other changes.
try/catch is useful for special purposes only.
These commands, if implemeTnted into the core, will be useful for any
script currently using the catch construct.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Specification
I add the following two commands be added to Tcl:
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
•throw command.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
throw ?type? ?message? ?info?
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
A throw command with type throws an error exception with the
errorCode type.
The throw command works as the error command, but the arguments are
reordered to encourage the use of error-codes.
The optional message and info parameters work as they do in the error
command.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
The throw type can be any user defined or built in type, built-in
types
include: ]]]]]]]
[ POSIX, ARITH, CORE, REGEXP, WINDOW
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[OPERATING
SYSTEMS, NONE, ... The message is non-optional, and is the same as
issued by the catch command, error -code error "message": You've been
Martinized! http://www.meami.org, Copyright. (C) 2009. All Rights
Reserved.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
An instance of throw with no arguments can be used within a catch
block to immediately re-throw the current exception that is being
handled by the catch block.
When an error is re-thrown in the catch block, the current error is
propagated up one level following the evaluation of the finally block
(if on exists).
Enclosing error handlers can then deal with the error.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Note th@
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
throw type message info
is the same as
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
error message info type
•try command.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
try body ?catch {{type_list} ?ecvar? ?msgvar? ?infovar?} body .
.
.
??finally body?
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
If one or more catch blocks are specified, each corresponding body
represents a required block of code is evaluated if the resulting
errorCode matches the type condition.
The required body of the finally block is evaluated following the try
block and catch block (if any matches).
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
type_list represents a list of glob style patterns used to match
eache of the error-code list conditions.
A match is declared if the type_list patterns or errorCode elements
are exhausted (whichever comes first) and a mismatch has not occurred.
If a match occurs, and ecvar is specified, the errorCode list will be
stored in ecvar within the local scope prior to executing the body.
Moreover, if a msgvar or infovar are specified, the error message and
errorInfo contents will be stored in the local context.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
If an error occurs during the try, and no catch blocks are specified,
the offending error is rethrown following execution of the finally
block (if specified).
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
If an error occurs during execution of a catch or finally block, this
error will take precedence and will propagate upwards with a new stack
trace.
If an error is rethrown within a catch block, the existing stack
trace will be preserved with the rethrown error.
This allows later discrimination of the two different error
conditions (rethrown vs.http://www.meami.org/
unintended).
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Note, catch {*}, if specified, will catch all remaining errors.
If used, it should be placed last since each of the catch blocks are
evaluated in the order specified.
type set in errorCode, any user defined type, or built-in types
including POSIX *, ARITH *, CHILD *, CORE, REGEXP, WINDOWS, or NONE.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
If one or more catch blocks are specified, and no catch block matches
the errorCode condition, the error will be propagated up to the next
level following evaluation of the finally clause (if specified).
An enclosing try block (or catch command) can then be used to handle
the error.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
The finally block is used to perform all the clean up code.
The finally body is evaluated whether the error occurs or not, or
whether a catch block matched the errorCode.
It is also evaluated if a throw statement occurs within the catch
clause.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Examples
throw
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
throw DEVICE "Could not write to device"
try only (no practical use)
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
try {
incr i
}
try - catch
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
try {
incr i
} catch * {
set i 0
}
try - finally
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
try {
. config -cursor watch
#do some busy stuff here, don't care about errors
} finally {
. config -cursor arrow
}
try - catch - catch
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
try {
;# Some code will cause an error
} catch {{POSIX *} eCode eMessage} {
;# Statements to handle POSIX type errors
} catch {NULL eCode eMessage} {
;# Statements to handle NULL (a user created) type errors
} catch {* eMessage} {
;# Statements to handle all other errors
}
try - catch - catch - finally
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
try {
;# Some code will cause an error
} catch {POSIX eCode eMessage} {
;# Statements to handle POSIX type errors
} catch {* eCode eMessage} {
;# Statements to handle all other errors
} finally {
;# Statements to execute whether an error occurred or not
}
Re-throw try - catch - finally
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
try {
try {
set b [expr {$a/0}]
} catch {ARITH} {
if {$a == 0} {
throw ;# re-throw to outer try
}
} finally {
set b 1 ;# will execute before throw above
}
} catch {ARITH eCode eMessage} {
;# This will catch the inner throw
puts "$res"
}
•Added additional ecvar and infovar optional arguments to the catch
clause.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
•All uncaught errors are propagated up after execution of the finally
block (if specified).
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
•Unanticipated errors within a catch or finally block start a new
stack trace and are propagated up.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
•Additional info optional argument added to throw for completeness.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Reference Implementation
/*
* Implementation of try/catch and throw commands according to TIP 89
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
#include <tcl.h>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
/*
* We keep a stack of contexts; whenever we have to handle an error,
* i.e. are executing a catch {} clause, we store the current error
* (errorCode, errorInfo and message), so a throw with no arguments
* can re-throw it.
*
* This is interpreter-specific data. Each element is a list, with
the
* last element being the most current one.
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
typedef struct {
Tcl_Obj * errorCodeStack;
Tcl_Obj * errorInfoStack;
Tcl_Obj * errorMsgStack;
Tcl_Obj * errorCodeName;
Tcl_Obj * errorInfoName;
} TryCatchTsd;
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
/*
* Throw an Exception
*
* throw ?<type> ?<message>? ?<info>??
*
* Throws an exception with the errorCode <type>, the message
<message>
* and the errorInfo <info>.
*
* An instance of throw with no arguments can be used within a catch
or
* finally block to immediately re-throw the current exception is
* being handled by the catch block.
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
static int
Tcl_ThrowObjCmd (ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp,
int objc, Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[])
{
TryCatchTsd * myTsd = (TryCatchTsd *) clientData;
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
if (objc < 1 || objc > 4) {
Tcl_AppendResult (interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
Tcl_GetStringFromObj (objv[0], NULL),
" ?<type> ?<message>? ?<info>??\"", NULL);
return TCL_ERROR;
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
/*
* Re-throw an error
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
if (objc < 2) {
Tcl_Obj *errorCode, *errorInfo, *errorMsg;
int lastelement;
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Tcl_ListObjLength (interp, myTsd->errorMsgStack, &lastelement);
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
if (lastelement < 1) {
Tcl_AppendResult (interp, "error: throw with no parameters ",
"outside of a catch",
NULL);
return TCL_ERROR;
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
lastelement--;
Tcl_ListObjIndex (interp, myTsd->errorMsgStack,
lastelement, &errorMsg);
Tcl_ListObjIndex (interp, myTsd->errorCodeStack,
lastelement, &errorCode);
Tcl_ListObjIndex (interp, myTsd->errorInfoStack,
lastelement, &errorInfo);
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Tcl_ResetResult (interp);
Tcl_SetObjResult (interp, errorMsg);
Tcl_SetObjErrorCode (interp, errorCode);
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
#ifdef _TCLINT
Tcl_ObjSetVar2 (interp, myTsd->errorInfoName, NULL, errorInfo,
TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
interp->flags = ERR_IN_PROGRESS;
#else
Tcl_AddErrorInfo (interp, Tcl_GetStringFromObj (errorInfo,
NULL));
#endif
return TCL_ERROR;
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
/*
* throw with parameters
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Tcl_ResetResult (interp);
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
if (objc >= 3) {
Tcl_SetObjResult (interp, objv[2]);
} else {
/*
* prepare error message for human consumption
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Tcl_AppendResult (interp, "error: ",
Tcl_GetStringFromObj (objv[1], NULL),
NULL);
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Tcl_SetObjErrorCode (interp, objv[1]);
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
if (objc >= 4) {
#ifdef _TCLINT
Tcl_ObjSetVar2 (interp, myTsd->errorInfoName, NULL, objv[3],
TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
interp->flags = ERR_IN_PROGRESS;
#else
Tcl_AddErrorInfo (interp, Tcl_GetStringFromObj (objv[3], NULL));
#endif
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
/*
* throw error
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
return TCL_ERROR;
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
/*
* exception handling
*
* try body ?catch {type-list ?ecvar? ?msgvar? ?infovar?} body .
.
.
?
* ?finally body?
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
static int
Tcl_TryObjCmd (ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp,
int objc, Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[])
{
TryCatchTsd * myTsd = (TryCatchTsd *) clientData;
int currentIndex, finallyIndex, catchInfoLength, hasCatch;
char * blockType;
int res;
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
/*
* syntactic correctness established
*/
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
if (objc < 2) {
Tcl_AppendResult (interp, "right # args: should be ""/,
Tcl_GetStringFromObj (objv<project name="jsc-
ch14-vel" default="dist" basedir=".">
<description>
Struts Cookbook Chapter 14 - Velocity
</description>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
wiki.tcl.tkapplication_runner_&_wrapper
Updated 2009-02-03 16:06:07 by gold ▲
A runner or wrapper is slang for a program uses or services a
computation engine, usually in another or second computer language.
Runners have been used to port or extend the use of legacy fortran
codes, although there is some controversy on the efficiency of these
applications.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Here is a stater on an application_runner in TCL.[gold]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# application_runner_&_wrapper.
tcl --
# goldshell7, tcl wiki script on 20091210
# modified to
# script in Expect 5.21
# TCL8 distribution, for Any use
# modified to TCL8 distribution
#start of deck
# SCCS: @(#) 1.16 12/10/09 16:25:05
# GLOBAL VARIABLES
#
# application_runner_&_wrapper.tcl --
# goldshell7, tcl wiki script on 20091210
# modified to
# script in Expect 5.21
# TCL8 distribution, for WinXP or MAC OSX use
# modified to TCL8 distribution
#start of deck
# SCCS: @(#) 1.16 12/12/09 16:25:05
# GLOBAL VARIABLES
#
frame .f1
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
frame .f2
frame .f3
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
pack .f1 .f2 .f3
catch {
global filex
set filex "1"
global obj; set obj {1}
global widget;
set widget {TEST}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
#################################
# USER DEFINED PROCEDURES
#
proc init {argc argv} {
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
init $argc $argv
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
proc main {argc argv} {
global widget
# $widget insert end "forced text"
.list insert end "end of show!!!"
.sorted insert end "end of show!!!"
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
proc Window {args} {
global vTcl
set cmd [lindex $args 0]
set name [lindex $args 1]
set rest [lrange $args 2 end]
if {$name == "" || $cmd == ""} {return}
set exists [winfo exists $name]
switch $cmd {
show {
if {[info procs vTclWindow(pre)$name] != ""} {
vTclWindow(pre)$name $rest
}
if {[info procs vTclWindow$name] != ""} {
vTclWindow$name
}
if {[info procs vTclWindow(post)$name] != ""} {
vTclWindow(post)$name $rest
}
}
hide { if $exists {wm withdraw $name; return} }
iconify { if $exists {wm iconify $name; return} }
destroy { if $exists {destroy $name; return} }
}
}
proc browse {dir file} {
global env
#global file
global filex
global dirx
set filex ""
set dirx ""
catch {if {[string compare $dir "."] != 0} {set file $dir/$file }}
set filex $file
#exec "\"/ C:/program files/microsoft office/office/
winword\"" $file &
#exec "\? \C:\/ ted\ " &
# exec "? ted" &
#exec ? [C:\/Program\ Files \
/? /Microsoft\ Office/Office/Winword] $file &
#exec {\[:\\? [C:\\Program\ Files\\Microsoft\ Office\\Office\
\Winword] $file &
#.entry01 insert end " "
# .entry02 insert end " "
set clipped_directory "2";
set clipped_directory [file dirname $dir]
.entry01 delete 0 end
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.entry02 delete 0 end
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# .entry01 insert end $dir
.entry01 insert end [file dirname $dir]
.entry01 insert end [eval file dirname [eval file dirname $dir]]
.entry02 insert end $filex
}
#################################
# VTCL GENERATED GUI PROCEDURES
#
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
button .button01 -text APPLICATION -command ? {? C:\/Program\ Files\/
Microsoft\ Office\/Office\/Winword}
# TCL has long noses for Microsoft
button .button02 -text EDIT -command \
{ C:\/Program\ Files\/Microsoft\ Office\/Office\/Winword}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
button .button03 -text EXIT -command {exit}
button .button04 -text RESET -command {browse $dir $i}
pack .button01 .button02 .button03 \
.button04 -in .f1 -side right
entry .entry01 \
-textvariable $filex -justify left -width 50 -state normal
label .label02 \
-text "target directory" -justify center -width 20
label .label01 \
-text "target file" -justify center -width 20
entry .entry02 \
-textvariable $filex -justify left -width 50 -state normal
pack .label01 -side bottom -fill y
pack .entry01 -side bottom -fill y
pack .label02 -side bottom -fill y
pack .entry02 -side bottom -fill y
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# Create a scrollbar on the right side of the main window and a
listbox
# on the left side.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
scrollbar .scroll -command ".list yview"
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
listbox .list -yscroll ".scroll set" -relief sunken -width 20 -height
20 \
-setgrid yes
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
pack .list -side left -fill both -expand yes
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
listbox .sorted -yscroll ".scroll set" \
-width 20 -height 20
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
pack .sorted -side right
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
scrollbar .scrollx -command \
".sorted yview"
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
pack .scrollx -side right -fill y
pack .scroll -side right -fill y
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# Fill the listbox with a list of all the files in the directory (run
# the "ls" command to get that information).
if {$argc > 0} {
set dir [lindex $argv 0]
} else {
set dir .
}
foreach i [lsort [glob * .*]] {
#.list insert end $i
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.sorted insert end $i
}
foreach i [lsort [glob {\*}]] {
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.list insert end $i
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
#.sorted insert end $i
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# Set up bindings for the browser.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
bind all <Control-c> {destroy .}
bind .list <Double-Button-1> {foreach i [selection get] {browse $dir
$i} }
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
bind .sorted <Double-Button-1> {foreach i [selection get] {browse
$dir $i} }
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
main $argc $argv
# loaded on tcl wiki tcl8
# 12Dec2010, \goldshell7
# end of deck
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# end of deck
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
#application_runner_&_wrapper!
Screenshots Section
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Comments Section
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Please put useful comments in this section, thank you.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
References
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
•Programming References ( TCL, Fortran )
•Search on google search engine for terms as "tcl wrap fortran "
•Numerical Analysis in Tcl
•Scripted wrappers, [1]
•Combining Fortran and Tcl in One Program
•Fortran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, [2]
•FORTRAN/TK - Trac, [3]
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
Web References
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
•Google Tutorials, [4]
#application_runner_&_wrapper!
global filex
set filex "1"
global obj; set obj {1}
global widget;
set widget {TEST}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
#################################
# USER DEFINED PROCEDURES
#
proc init {argc argv} {
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
init $argc $argv
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
proc main {argc argv} {
global widget
# $widget insert end "forced text"
.list insert end "end of show!!!"
.sorted insert end "end of show!!!"
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
proc Window {args} {
global vTcl
set cmd [lindex $args 0]
set name [lindex $args 1]
set rest [lrange $args 2 end]
if {$name == "" || $cmd == ""} {return}
set exists [winfo exists $name]
switch $cmd {
show {
if {[info procs vTclWindow(pre)$name] != ""} {
vTclWindow(pre)$name $rest
}
if {[info procs vTclWindow$name] != ""} {
vTclWindow$name
}
if {[info procs vTclWindow(post)$name] != ""} {
vTclWindow(post)$name $rest
}
}
hide { if $exists {wm withdraw $name; return} }
iconify { if $exists {wm iconify $name; return} }
destroy { if $exists {destroy $name; return} }
}
}
proc browse {dir file} {
global env
#global file
global filex
global dirx
set filex ""
set dirx ""
catch {if {[string compare $dir "."] != 0} {set file $dir/$file }}
set filex $file
#exec "\"? C:/program files/microsoft office/office/
winword\"" $file &
#exec "? \C:\/ ted\ " &
# exec "" "ted" &
#exec [? C:\/Program\ Files \
/Microsoft\ Office/Office/Winword] $file &
#exec [ C:\\Program\ Files\\Microsoft\ Office\\Office\\Winword] $file
&
#.entry01 insert end " "
# .entry02 insert end " "
set clipped_directory "2";
set clipped_directory [file dirname $dir]
.entry01 delete 0 end
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.entry02 delete 0 end
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# .entry01 insert end $dir
.entry01 insert end [file dirname $dir]
.entry01 insert end [eval file dirname [eval file dirname $dir]]
.entry02 insert end $filex
}
#################################
# VTCL GENERATED GUI PROCEDURES
#
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
button .button01 -text APPLICATION -command { C:\/Program\ Files\/
Microsoft\ Office\/Office\/Winword}
# TCL has long noses for ? \Microsoft
button .button02 -text EDIT -command \
{ C:\/Program\ Files\/Microsoft\ Office\/Office\/Winword}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
button .button03 -text EXIT -command {exit}
button .button04 -text RESET -command {browse $dir $i}
pack .button01 .button02 .button03 \
.button04
entry .entry01 \
-font \
----
- -Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* \
----
-textvariable $filex -justify left -width 50 -state normal
label .label02 \
-text "target directory" -justify center -width 20
label .label01 \
-text "target file" -justify center -width 20
entry .entry02 \
-font \
-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* \
-textvariable $filex -justify left -width 50 -state normal
pack .label01 -side bottom -fill y
pack .entry01 -side bottom -fill y
pack .label02 -side bottom -fill y
pack .entry02 -side bottom -fill y
# Create a scrollbar on the right side of the main window and a
listbox
# on the left side.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
scrollbar .scroll -command ".list yview"
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
listbox .list -yscroll ".scroll set" -relief sunken -width 20 -height
20 \
-setgrid yes
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
pack .list -side left -fill both -expand yes
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
listbox .sorted -yscroll ".scroll set" \
-width 20 -height 20
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
pack .sorted -side right
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
scrollbar .scrollx -command \
".sorted yview"
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
pack .scrollx -side right -fill y
pack .scroll -side right -fill y
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# Fill the listbox with a list of all the files in the directory (run
# the "ls" command to get information).
if {$argc > 0} {
set dir [lindex $argv 0]
} else {
set dir .
}
foreach i [lsort [glob * .*]] {
#.list insert end $i
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.sorted insert end $i
}
foreach i [lsort [glob {\*}]] {
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
.list insert end $i
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
#.sorted insert end $i
}
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
# Set up bindings for the browser.
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
bind all <Control-c> {destroy .}
bind .list <Double-Button-1> {foreach i [selection get] {browse $dir
$i} }
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
bind .sorted <Double-Button-1> {foreach i [selection get] {browse
$dir $i} }
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
main $argc $argv
# loaded on tcl wiki tcl8
# 12Dec2009, goldshell7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+{[-------------------------->
http://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/? Generated in 71ms {\</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
<property environment="env"/><?
=></@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
<.> <property name="build.compiler"
value="javac1.4"/>
</5>

<property name="src.dir" location="src"/>
<property name="build.dir" location="build"/>
<property name="dist.dir" location="dist"/>
<property name="server.dir" location="${env.CATALINA_HOME}"/>
<property name="servlet.jar" location="${server.dir}/common/lib/
servlet-api.jar"/>
<property name="jsp.jar" location="${server.dir}/common/lib/jsp-
api.jar"/>
<property name="struts.dist.dir" location="../lib"/>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>

<fileset id="struts.lib.files" dir="${struts.dist.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<path id="struts.classpath">
<fileset refid="struts.lib.files"/>
</path>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
<path id="project.class.path">
<pathelement location="${servlet.jar}"/>
<pathelement location="${jsp.jar}"/>
<path refid="struts.classpath"/>
</path>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>

<property name="deploy.dir" location="${server.dir}/webapps"/>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
<target name="clean"
description="clean up" >

<delete dir="${build.dir}"/>
<delete dir="${dist.dir}"/>
</target>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
<target name="init">

<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
</target>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
<target name="compile" depends="init"
description="compile the source " >

<javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${build.dir}" deprecation="on"
debug="on">
<classpath>
<pathelement path="${classpath}"/>
<pathelement location="${servlet.jar}"/>
<pathelement location="${jsp.jar}"/>
<fileset dir="${struts.dist.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar"/>
</fileset>
</classpath>
</javac><JAVAD
:></@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
<copy todir="${build.dir}">
<fileset dir="${src.dir}">
<include name="**/*.properties"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
<target name="dist" depends="compile"
description="generate the distribution" >
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>

<mkdir dir="${dist.dir}"/>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>

<war destfile="${dist.dir}/${ant.project.name}.war" webxml="web/WEB-
INF/web.xml">
<fileset dir="web" excludes="**/web.xml"/>
<lib dir="${struts.dist.dir}">
<include name="**/*.jar"/>
<include name="**/*.tld"/>
</lib>
<classes dir="${build.dir}"/>
</war>
</target>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>

<target name="deploy" depends="dist"
description="deploy to server" >
<unjar src="${dist.dir}/${ant.project.name}.war" dest="$
{deploy.dir}/${ant.project.name}"/>
</target>
</@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?>
</project>
@ <http></@ HTTP://WWW.MEAMI.ORG/?></HTTP><HTML?>
wiki.tcl.tkAsk, and it shall be given # 7
Updated 2009-11-22 05:33:05 by chemuduguntar ▲
This page is not intended for new questions. Please post your question
on the latest version of Ask, and it shall be given.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to leave room for unanswered questions, please move your
question to the appropriate page on Wikit once it has been answered.
If you cannot find a page, please create a new one.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
•Started on: 2009 May 09
•Ended on: 2009 May 02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See Ask, and it shall be given # 8 for next set of questions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optimizing some code
JSB 04-29-2009 I have a selection of code I use a good bit in some
data convert utilities I have written in the past month. What I need
to do is simply insert a decimal point 2 places from the end. To do
this I have used the following two methods:
1.append rec_batch [string replace $TOT_BAL end-1 end-1 ".[string
index $TOT_BAL end-1]"]
2.append rec_batch "[string range $ TOT_BAL 0 end-2].[string range $
TOT_BAL end-1 end]"
TOT_BAL would look something like: set TOT_BAL {000034567}
Method 1 is the fastest way of doing it, but a little. What really
would be nice is if you could do:
append rec_batch [string insert $ TOT_BAL {.} end-2]
This method would use a native string subcommand to do it, but there
is not one so that’s that.
Does anyone have a faster way to do an string or character insert? I
know the time to do this is not that much but I have 500 plus scripts
that do this anywhere from 12million to 658million times a day and any
boost helps in the long run.
MG Is keeping the leading 0's important? If not, using expr and
dividing by 100 seems to be about twice as fast as the string replace
append rec_batch [expr {"$TOT_BAL.0" / 100}]
JSB Unfortunately they are needed as I am converting them from a bcd
fomat to a fixed format nummeric. I may try a expr and format combo
and see what the times like there. Thanks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ttk::treeview selection
MG Apr 25 2009 - I'm having some problems with the visual selection in
a ttk::treeview widget. When you select an item in the tree, the
background turns dark blue and the foreground white, which is fine.
But some of my items have a tag which configures the -bg; when those
lines are selected, the background colour no longer changes (but the
fg colour still does), and because some of them are configured with
white backgrounds, the text disappears completely on selection. Is
there any simple way to get around this? Ideally, I'd still like the
background to become blue on selected items like it does by default.
But I can't find anywhere in the item configuration, tags or the
ttk::style settings where this is controlled, so can't even write code
manually and bind to selection to duplicate the colouring. Does anyone
know how I might go about this?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bignum with floating radix point
BMA Apr 5 2009 - Nice as math::bignum and math::bigfloat are, the
middle ground between the two needs to be addressed. Namely, bignums
which are in different radices and have a radix point. At present
math::bignum only handles integers (afaict) and math::bigfloat won't
let you specify different radices to math::bigfloat::fromstr (ditto).
Can anyone offer a way out?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
text widget wrapping/geometry issue
MG Apr 3rd 2009 - I have a text widget which can be configured (by the
app user) to either wrap at a specific number of characters, or to not
wrap at all. I've basically been doing:
text .t
if { $wrap } {
pack .t -fill y
.t configure -width 78 -wrap word
} else {
pack .t -expand 1 -fill both
.t configure -wrap none
}
But I'm having a couple of issues. If the toplevel containing the text
widget is resized so that it's too narrow to hold a 78-char wide text
widget, the text wraps at the edge of the window, instead of
continuing to wrap at 78 chars and needing to be scrolled
horizontally.
After some fiddling with various methods, the simplest solution I've
found to avoid that is to do the "scrolled frame" effect of placing
the widget onto a cavas, with $canvas create window -window .t, and
then scrolling the canvas. But then the text widget is only as high as
it's -height argument, and I need it to fill the screen vertically.
(Even with the canvas packed to expand, the text widget stays the same
height; setting a very large -height just causes the bottom of the
text widget to disappear off the bottom of the canvas, meaning the
vertical scrollbar attached to the text widget says the entire widget
is visible even when it's not.)
Can anyone offer a better solution? I'm using Tcl 8.5, if it makes any
difference. Any help would be greatly appreciated, as I've been
mulling this over for quite a while and have yet to come up with an
adequate solution. Thanks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Package version numbering scheme supported by Tclkit
XO 2009/3/31 - While I was trying the latest unstabled release of
TWAPI, i.e. twapi-2.1a1.kit, I couldn't get this starkit working under
Tclkit, and got the error complaining ...
C:\tmp>tclkitsh
% set tcl_patchLevel
8.4.17
% source twapi-2.1a1.kit
% package require twapi
error reading package index file C:/tmp/twapi-2.1a1.kit/lib/twapi/
pkgIndex.tcl:
expected version number but got "2.1a1"
can't find package twapi
%
% package provide xxx 2.1a1
expected version number but got "2.1a1"
%
Later I came to realize it's resulted from Tclkit's limitation on the
version numbering scheme supported, Tclkit won't recognize version
number like 2.1a1. This starkit works just fine under ActiveTcl
though. Why Tclkit imposes such a limitation? Or is it a bug?
MG I just tried this, and for me it worked in TclKit but not in my
ActiveTcl install. My ActiveTcl install is Tcl 8.4.9, though, and my
TclKit is 8.5.1, so possibly this is actually an 8.4/8.5 issue, not a
Tclkit/ActiveTcl one?
APN Tcl releases prior to 8.4 do not understand this versioning
scheme, something I was not aware of. I have switched back to only
using . as a separator so 2.1.3 should work for you.
Tcl indentation script
Hello, I happened to use this: http://wiki.tcl.tk/15731 But this
doesn't work for me. Errors out saying syntax errors, though I don't
find any syntax errors. Did anybody else use it ever? Is there a
revised version present or something that works..some alternative.
Thanks in advance. SR
GWM see the page again and test the modified script. Error in lines
with "} else {" or similar constructs (the continuation beiong on the
same line as the close bracket caused a miscount in number of braces).
Martyn Smith - My TCL Editor on Martyn Smith can reindent the current
selection (ctrl-w) using the spacing of the first line as the initial
spacing (to see the code type 'pedit IndentRegion' in the console
(F12)) I need to update it to handle continuation lines properly.
format question
pcam 24/03/2009 Can someone tell me why the format command is not
executed (when the event is fired) in this simple example ? To try,
just hover above the newly created red canvas.
canvas .c -bg red
pack .c -fill both
bind .c <Motion> {
set myScale 1.33
set xpos [expr %x / $myScale]
set ypos [expr %y / $myScale]
set formatedX [format "%0.3f" $xpos]
set formatedY [format "%0.3f" $ypos]
puts " Scaled pos ($xpos,$ypos): $formatedX , $formatedY "
}
I guess the argument form the event is the culprit, but I cannot
figure out how to get around it.
pcam No longer than 2 minutes later I solved this issue myself. I
leave the Q/A anyway, can be useful I guess. Simply had to double up
the % sign in my format string, as it gets munched by the event "pre-
processor", before the command gets evaluated.
Here it is:
canvas .c -bg red
pack .c -fill both
bind .c <Motion> {
set myScale 1.33
set xpos [expr %x / $myScale]
set ypos [expr %y / $myScale]
set formatedX [format "%%0.3f" $xpos]
set formatedY [format "%%0.3f" $ypos]
puts " Scaled pos ($xpos,$ypos): $formatedX , $formatedY "
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
global versus fully qualified variables names
In the global wiki page it is stated that: : Globals are expensive if
you call them only a few times in the proc - the cost of the initial
linking to a local variable weighs heavily; they are quite fast if you
use them a lot [the breakeven seems to be around 15 reads ...]. For
fewer calls, use fully qualified variable names instead. I am
wondering if this statement is still true ?
With Tcl/Tk 8.6b1 :
set a 12
set b 31.
proc toto {n} {
global a b
while {$n} {
set c [expr {$a*$b}]
incr n -1
}
}
proc titi {n} {
while {$n} {
set c [expr {$::a*$::b}]
incr n -1
}
}
% time {toto 1000000} 10
212703.1 microseconds per iteration
% time {titi 1000000} 10
813360.2 microseconds per iteration
Everything seems ok, global is better when calling many times a global
variable. But :
% time {toto 2} 10
3.2 microseconds per iteration
% time {titi 2} 10
4.1 microseconds per iteration
Is there any advantage to use fully qualified nvariable names ? Could
someone explain me what is happening when the interpreter sees
"global" versus "::" ?
MS When it sees [global foo] within a proc body, the compiler will
create a local var foo and link it to the global variable when global
is invoked at runtime. That is one lookup by name, every later
reference to that variable in the body is a reference to an indexed
local variable, which is very fast. The first lookup is relatively
slow: non-:: references are not cached.
When ::foo is seen a literal will be compiled in; the reference to the
global variable will be cached in the corresponding Tcl_Obj on first
use. This means that the lookup by name happens just once too. But
later references in the body still go through the slower non-local
mechanism. OTOH, on later reentry to the same body even the first
lookup profits from the cached reference (assuming it did not shimmer
away in the meantime), so that it is faster than the lookup done by
[global foo]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
QuicktimeTcl Problem
I'm trying to put a .mov file into a tcl/tk application and I'm
getting this error from the wish console when I try to source the
file:
no suitable image found. Did find:
/Library/Tcl/QuickTimeTcl3.1/QuickTimeTcl3.1.dylib: mach-o,
but wrong architecture
NSCreateObjectFileImageFromFile() error: not a Mach-O MH_BUNDLE file
Not sure what this means....
This is the code I was trying to source, and I'm on a Mac using OSX
10.5.6 (fairly short and straightforward, an example from the
QuicktimeTcl site)
package require QuickTimeTcl
movie .m -file ./SF_Experiments/Curve1FULL.mov pack .m
My version of Quicktime is 7.6, and it says on the website
QuicktimeTcl was only tested wit 5 and 6.4...could this be the
problem? It seems to me if it worked with 6.4 I would hope it works
with 7.6 but you never know...
Any ideas? Apologies if this is an amateur question...but I'm afraid
I'm a bit of a Tcl/Tk newbie, only really started in about two weeks
ago...Any help is much appreciated!
thanks,
-C
MSH 12 March 2009 - The message looks like it is saying that the dylib
is not for the correct processor, remember that Macs have two
different processor architectures Intel and PowerPC, check that
Quicktime TCL is compatible with your architecture it is probably not
a FAT binary. (I think you can find the info on the Apple menu ->
about this Mac), a quick look at the compatible versions on the
Quicktimetcl suggests it may only be for PowerPC so a recompile may be
needed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tcom Variant problem
I am trying to replicate some VBA code to communicate with a COM
interface but am having problems with tcom providing the correct
VARIANT.
VBA code :
Dim PayLoadWr(1) As Long
Dim RetVal
m_sNodeAddress.byLocalPort = 0
m_sNodeAddress.nDestID = -1
m_sNodeAddress.nHopCount = 0
m_sInput.lOffset = 0
WordCount = 1
Stride = 4
RetVal = m_objRapidFet.MaintRead(m_sNodeAddress.byLocalPort,
m_sNodeAddress.nDestID,
m_sNodeAddress.nHopCount, m_sInput.lOffset,
WordCount, Stride)
PayLoadWr(1) = 10
m_sOutput.bResult = m_objRapidFet.MaintWrite
(m_sNodeAddress.byLocalPort, m_sNodeAddress.nDestID,
m_sNodeAddress.nHopCount, m_sInput.lOffset,
WordCount, PayloadWr, Stride)
I am able to perform the read in TCL but the write reports invalid
VARIANT type, expected VT_BYREF | VT_ARRAY | VT_I4. As the read works
I believe the problem is with the WordCount variable which I have
tried setting in many ways. How do I force TCL to use one of the
expected types ?
Thanks, MarkE.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
plotting demo
17feb2009, i modified the tcl8.5 plotting demo to label the points
and have trouble dropping the pick routine for another point. After i
pick a few points, the previous point will hop to the cursor and grab
the control. I started to write this up as a mod to the random que
demo, but not much to offer so far. thanks, gold.
proc pickpoint { w x y } {
#set lcoords [.c coords [.c find withtag current] ]
# set xx [lindex $lcoords 0];
# set yy [lindex $lcoords 1];
# set xxxx [expr {[lindex $lcoords 0] + 10} ] ;
# set yyyy [expr {[lindex $lcoords 1] + 10} ] ;
set victims [.c find overlapping $x $y [expr {$x+4 }] [expr {$y
+4}] ];
set previousselect 1
foreach element $victims {
.c itemconfigure $element -tag selected;
#.c itemconfigure [.c find withtag current] -fill blue;
#.c itemconfigure [.c find withtag previous] -tag
previous2; }
}
proc xplot { args } {
set sum 0
set c ".c"
set font {Helvetica 8}
pack [canvas $c -relief sunken -width 450 -height 300 -cursor
top_left_arrow]
$c create text 100 20 -text "A Simple Plot" -font $font -fill brown
for {set i 0} {$i <= 10} {incr i} {
set x [expr {100 + ($i*30)}]
$c create line $x 250 $x 245 -width 2
$c create text $x 254 -text [expr {10*$i}] -anchor n -font
$font
}
for {set i 0} {$i <= 5} {incr i} {
set y [expr {250 - ($i*40)}]
$c create line 100 $y 105 $y -width 2
$c create text 96 $y -text [expr {$i*50}].0 -anchor e -font
$font
}
# 12 56 20 94 33 98 32 120 61 180 75 160 98 223
foreach {item item2} $args {
$c create line 100 250 400 250 -width 2
$c create line 100 250 100 50 -width 2
#set x [ expr {100+$item * 1} ]
#set y [ expr {100-$item2*.2 } ]
#set x [expr {100 + (3*[lindex $point 0])}]
#set y [expr {250 - (4*[lindex $point 1])/5}]
set x [expr {100 + (3*$item)}]
set y [expr {250 - (4*$item2)/5}]
set point {$item $item2}
$c create text [ expr {$x + 1} ] [ expr {$y+1 } ] -text "* [ expr
{$item * 1} ],$item2" -font $font -fill brown -tag point
set item [$c create oval [expr {$x-6}] [expr {$y-6}] \
[expr {$x+6}] [expr {$y+6}] -width 1 -outline black \
-fill SkyBlue2]
$c addtag point withtag $item
}
$c bind point <Any-Enter> "$c itemconfig current -fill red"
$c bind point <Any-Leave> "$c itemconfig current -fill SkyBlue2;$c
itemconfig selected -fill SkyBlue2;$c itemconfig selected -tag
unselected;$c itemconfig current -tag uncurrent;"
$c bind point <1> "$c itemconfig current -tag
uncurrent;embPlotDown $c %x %y"
$c bind point <ButtonRelease-1> "$c dtag selected"
bind $c <B1-Motion> "embPlotMove $c %x %y"
return [ expr { 1+1 } ]
}
set embPlot(lastX) 0
set embPlot(lastY) 0
console hide
proc embPlotDown {w x y} {
global embPlot
$w dtag selected
$w addtag selected withtag current
pickpoint $w $x $y
$w raise current
set embPlot(lastX) $x
set embPlot(lastY) $y
}
proc embPlotMove {w x y} {
global embPlot
$w move selected [expr {$x-$embPlot(lastX)}] [expr {$y-$embPlot
(lastY)}]
set embPlot(lastX) $x
set embPlot(lastY) $y
}
xplot 12 56 20 94 33 98 32 120 61 180 75 160 98 223
#end of deck
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ttk Megawidget
MG I'm trying to create a very basic megawidget using Ttk on Tk 8.5.
Under one theme, it's just a styled ttk::entry widget (I have this
working fine). On other themes, though, it should be a normal-looking
ttk::entry with a ttk::button displayed next to it. All my attempts to
set this up some how using a single ttk widget with -style have
failed, though. (Admittedly, I don't really know what I'm doing, and
have largely been guessing based on snippets of mostly-unrelated code
on the wiki or in the *Theme.tcl files shipped with Ttk.) I would've
thought this would be possible (a combination of widget-types is how
scrollbars work, I think?), but I'm completely at a loss. Currently
I'm just checking the loaded theme, and using separate entry and
button widgets if the button's needed. But I'd like to be able to let
users change the Ttk theme being used, which means the button should
appear/disappear on it's own when the theme is changed. Can anyone
offer any suggestions? (The button doesn't need to be configurable;
when it's visible it will always display the same -image and and run
the same -command when clicked. Don't know if that makes any
difference...)
Thanks for your help.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TCL8.5 plotter demo script
gold, 3Feb2009: Can someone show me how to put the x,y points as
arguments to the plotter routine? This plotter routine is from the
embedded text widget demo of TCL8.5. When i try to pass the data as a
list to the plotter subroutine, i get a non numeric char warning at
the line:
set x [expr {100 + (3*[lindex $point 0])}]
Maybe some kind of intermediate subroutine to load the data into a
list of pairs? Prefer to keep the calling line (plotter 12 56 20 94 33
98 etc) without a lot of typing brackets. i used the plotter for a
mockup chart in http://wiki.tcl.tk/19640. Thanks, [gold]
proc plotter { args} {
set c ".c"
pack [canvas $c -relief sunken -width 450 -height 300 -cursor
top_left_arrow]
set font {Helvetica 18}
$c create line 100 250 400 250 -width 2
$c create line 100 250 100 50 -width 2
$c create text 225 20 -text "A Simple Plot" -font $font -fill
brown
for {set i 0} {$i <= 10} {incr i} {
set x [expr {100 + ($i*30)}]
$c create line $x 250 $x 245 -width 2
$c create text $x 254 -text [expr {10*$i}] -anchor n -font
$font
}
for {set i 0} {$i <= 5} {incr i} {
set y [expr {250 - ($i*40)}]
$c create line 100 $y 105 $y -width 2
$c create text 96 $y -text [expr {$i*50}].0 -anchor e -font
$font
}
foreach point {
{12 56} {20 94} {33 98} {32 120} {61 180} {75 160} {98 223}
} {
set x [expr {100 + (3*[lindex $point 0])}]
set y [expr {250 - (4*[lindex $point 1])/5}]
set item [$c create oval [expr {$x-6}] [expr {$y-6}] \
[expr {$x+6}] [expr {$y+6}] -width 1 -outline black \
-fill SkyBlue2]
$c addtag point withtag $item
}
$c bind point <Any-Enter> "$c itemconfig current -fill red"
$c bind point <Any-Leave> "$c itemconfig current -fill SkyBlue2"
$c bind point <1> "embPlotDown $c %x %y"
$c bind point <ButtonRelease-1> "$c dtag selected"
bind $c <B1-Motion> "embPlotMove $c %x %y"
}
set embPlot(lastX) 0
set embPlot(lastY) 0
console hide
proc embPlotDown {w x y} {
global embPlot
$w dtag selected
$w addtag selected withtag current
$w raise current
set embPlot(lastX) $x
set embPlot(lastY) $y
}
proc embPlotMove {w x y} {
global embPlot
$w move selected [expr {$x-$embPlot(lastX)}] [expr {$y-$embPlot
(lastY)}]
set embPlot(lastX) $x
set embPlot(lastY) $y
}
#original data hard loaded in plotter subroutine
# {12 56} {20 94} {33 98} {32 120} {61 180} {75 160} {98 223}
plotter 12 56 20 94 33 98 32 120 61 180 75 160 98 223
Lars H: You can start from the following main loop instead:
foreach {px py} {
12 56 20 94 33 98 32 120 61 180 75 160 98 223
} {
set x [expr {100 + 3*$px}]
set y [expr {250 - 4*$py/5}]
set item [$c create oval [expr {$x-6}] [expr {$y-6}] \
[expr {$x+6}] [expr {$y+6}] -width 1 -outline black \
-fill SkyBlue2]
$c addtag point withtag $item
}
Alternatively, combine what you have with what's on Striding a list.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ttk/Tile listbox
MG Is there any way to simulate the classic Tk listbox's -listvar with
a Ttk widget? At the moment all I can see to do is use a ttk::treeview
and put a trace on my variable which updates the treeview's contents,
but I wanted to check if there was a better way first. Thanks.
Martyn Smith I think that the Canvas, Text and Listbox widgets are not
added to tile because their graphical display is always the same so
you should just use the good old listbox command !
MG Thanks for your reply. I wanted to avoid that because there are a
few differences, and I've been trying really hard to only use Ttk
widgets for consistancy since I started rewriting my app (the text
widget being about the only place I'm still using classic Tk widgets).
The differences aren't major for me on Win XP with Tile's winnative
theme, but if I change to the clam theme, for instance, the classic
listbox is totally out of place compared to all my other widgets.
Something like
ttk::treeview .widget -show {} -columns one
.widget insert {} end -values Foo
.widget insert {} end -values Bar
.widget insert {} end -values Baz
to simulate a simple listbox works OK, so it's not a big deal. This is
just one of the few occasions where I've wanted a listbox and actually
already had all the values stored in a list, instead of as array
elements or something like that, and I missed the simplicity of -
listvar for updating the display when the values changed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mahjong style deletion in tcl
,jan20,2009 This question has been pretty well answered and closed
out. I have posted the answer etc in a new wiki page. Thanks,[gold]
[aricb] 2009-1-23: Does the following code do what you have in mind?
aricb
http://wiki.tcl.tk/22318
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
replacing error messages in Itcl
If I create an object in Itcl, such as the simplified toaster example,
and call an unknown method:
package require Itcl
itcl::class Toaster {
variable crumbs 0
method toast {nslices} {
set crumbs [expr $crumbs+4*$nslices]
}
method clean {} {
set crumbs 0
}
}
Toaster tt
tt toad
bad option "toad": should be one of...
tt cget -option
tt clean
tt configure ?-option? ?value -option value...?
tt isa className
tt toast nslices tt toast 5
How do I intercept the 'bad option' message to improve assistance?
segmentation fault on running wish
compiling tk8.5.6 on fedora 7, compilation completed without error,
'wish' generated and when execute,fail with a message 'segmentation
fault', can anyone help? Thanks
MJ - This would probably be better answered after a query on
comp.lang.tcl. Also when asking there add all the information you
have, for instance any errors other than the segmentation error and a
backtrace in a debugger if possible. Also provide info on which
version of Tcl you compiled, where you got that version and how you
downloaded it.
Double Factorial and bignums?
Has anyone coded up a Tcl version of Double Factorial[1] that uses
bignums that they're prepared to share so that I don't have to write
it myself?
Thanks, BMA
Lars H: Yes, I have in infix done a semifactorial using math::bignum.
The key part of the implementation is the following "anyfactorial":
proc xfactorial {k n} {
if {[::math::bignum::le $n 1]} then {
return 1
} elseif {[::math::bignum::le $n $k]} then {
return $n
} else {
set kk [::math::bignum::add $k $k]
::math::bignum::mul [
xfactorial $kk $n
] [
xfactorial $kk [::math::bignum::sub $n $k]
]
}
}
k=1 gives you the ordinary factorial, k=2 the semifactorial. The idea
in the recursion is to try and keep the two factors being multiplied
of roughly equal size.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inline editing in ttk::treeview?
Is it possible to make cells in a treeview editable? For instance, I
want to provide a checkbox for selecting rows, and also a ttk::entry
and ttk::combobox for a few columns to change their values. A text
example:
[X] [Description Header ] [Category Header ]
<X> <Selected... description entry box> <Category combo >
< > <Selected... description entry box> <Category combo >
...etc...
Is their an example anywhere of this? I have failed at finding one and
was hoping it could be done.
Thanks, JNC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Problem with referencing a variable within a namespace
Dear Tcl/Tk programmers,
I'm building a GUI to incorporate it into a software package as a
plugin. I have a problem related to Object Oriented Tcl and
particularly referencing variable $w which points to the top level
widget. The problem occurs when I try to open a .psf file (see 2 last
lines of code):
package provide tt_GUI 1.0
namespace eval ::tt_GUI:: {
namespace export startGUI
variable w
}
proc ::tt_GUI::startGUI {} {
variable w
# make the initial window
set w [toplevel ".tt_GUI"]
wm title $w "Truncate Trajcetory"
wm resizable $w 0 1
label $w.psfLab -text { Select trajcetory .psf file : }
label $w.psfPathLab -text {No file selected}
button $w.psfBut -command {set types {
{".psf Files" {.psf} }
}
set file [tk_getOpenFile -filetypes $types -parent .]
$w.psfPathLab configure -text $file} \
-text Open
....(relevant code)....
}
The error message I get is:
can't read "w": no such variable
can't read "w": no such variable
while executing
"$w.psfPathLab configure -text $file"
invoked from within
".tt_GUI.psfBut invoke"
("uplevel" body line 1)
invoked from within
"uplevel #0 [list $w invoke]"
(procedure "tk::ButtonUp" line 22)
invoked from within
"tk::ButtonUp .tt_GUI.psfBut
"
(command bound to event)
That should be a piece of cake for a Tcl programmer but unfortunately
I'm not that familiar with OO Tcl. I would deeply appreciate any help.
Tom
MG Dec 22nd 2009 - The problem is that your -command is enclosed in
curly braces, which prevents the $w from being evaluated when the
button command is run. Instead, it's only evaluated (in the global
scope) when the button is clicked and the -command string is run, and
at that time $w doesn't exist. There are two ways around it. One is to
force the $w to be evaluated/expanded during the button command, using
something like:
button $w.psfBut -command [format {set types {
{".psf Files" {.psf} }
}
set file [tk_getOpenFile -filetypes $types -parent .]
%s.psfPathLab configure -text $file} $w] \
-text Open
The other is to use a proc for the button command:
proc ::tt_GUI::btnPress {w} {
global file;
set types {
{".psf Files" {.psf} }
}
set file [tk_getOpenFile -filetypes $types -parent .]
$w.psfPathLab configure -text $file
}
proc ::tt_GUI::startGUI {} {
# code....
button $w.psfBut -command [list ::tt_GUI::btnPress $w] -text Open
# more code...
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How can I execute a tcl file, and keep the parent file active IN
WINDOWS
[Shelly] Dec-11-08 Hello, I am using Windows (XP), and need my main
tcl script to call other tcl files, which I would like running in the
backgroud, while the parent file is still active. In UNIX, it is
possible to use the '&' after exec, but exec doesn't run on Windows. I
use 'source' to run the called files, but 'source' doesn't take '&' as
an argument, and I have not been able to find a Windows equivalent to
'exec filename &'. Right now, when my script sources another file, it
immediately terminates. Any Ideas? Thanks.
[Shelly] Dec-11-08 Update: I found the answer: exec can run on
Windows, it just needs to be passed the application name. e.g.:
exec notepad myfile.txt &
OR
exec wish85 myfile.tcl &
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tcl/Tk 8.5 doesn't colorize scrollbars and buttons after tk_bisque
tb - Hi, after reading about tk_bisque, I gave it a try on version
8.5. Everything fine so far, except scrollbars and buttons stay gray.
Any suggestions?
[Duoas] 2008-11-18 The tk_bisque command is designed to work with the
old motif-style UI. It has been extended to do its best with modern
widgets, but it can't do all things. The reason is that there is a
fundamental difference in the way things work underneath.
When X was designed, an explicit decision was made to not impose any
sort of style on the applications. An "example" of a basic widget
toolkit was created, which became "Xaw" or the "Athena" toolkit. Out
of this grew the Motif toolkit that people typically associate with X
(and Tk) and its modern, [L]GPL-ed sister: LessTif. X was stunted by
it for years. (It is only relatively recently that WM's like Gnome and
KDE and Sawfish, etc. have begun to bring *nix GUIs into the modern
age. CDE is an abomination [as a GUI].)
The simplicity of this toolkit design made it very easy to modify
however you like. Need a red button? No problem. Need a scrollbar with
funny behaviors? No problem. Modern systems are much less flexible:
they exert some control on how standard widgets appear and how they
behave (the so-called "look-and-feel"). The purpose is to make it
easier for 'normal' people to use the computer --because they know how
things work just by looking at them.
It is no small coincidence that Apple and Microsoft systems are
ubiquitous: the masses understand them. Knowing how one program works
--> knowing how all programs work. (Remember, what a program does is
different than how the program "look-and-feel"s to the end-user. To
Jane Doe, solitaire player, the way a program "works" is how it
interacts with her --not how fancy the card-shuffling algorithm is.)
Tk has used native widgets for a while now. Hence, they are not so
simple to modify --since that is not how they are designed to be used.
(You can make your own widgets --including modifications to existing
widgets, but that is a separate widget --not just a simple color/
behavior change applied to one instance of some widget.)
Hope this helps.
tb - No, not really :) I understand that this decision had to be made
on one hand, on the other I think it's a pity. For myself I got pretty
used to having several GUI's on my desk. I run Linux only for nearly
16 years now and never had a desktop showing only one design. Let it
be KDE, Gnome, XFCE et al, none of them integrates Blender :) - Java
apps always burn a design hole into the desk and KDE and Gnome always
get mixed up, as they offer different programs. But who is me? :)
[Duoas] Yoinks! It seems I forgot to actually answer the question...
Take a look at "styles" in ttk. While a pain, yes, it really is the
right decision.
I find that KDE is pretty good at normalizing application
interfaces... but again, part of the design philosophy behind X is
that each application can control its own style, so a mixture can be
well expected. Blender cannot be "styled" by any WM --its entire
interface is OpenGL. But if Blender were ever to loose its innovative
(and superior) UI, I'd personally create a fork on sourceforge and put
it back in (as would many others at BA). [BTW. You can modify
Blender's theme. Check out the old Blender Theme Repository . Or just
grab the bottom edge of the main menu bar and drag it down to get at
the preferences and mess with it yourself...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tcl/Tk Applications page, Whatever happened to
Lars H, 2008-11-10: Whatever happened to the big page that listed all
those Tcl(/Tk) applications? Searching for "applications" right now
doesn't turn it up (although it does find the Applications page, which
certainly could do with some content), just a few leftovers from
unperson's push on trying to break it apart. Was the original page
lost in the process, or does it just have a different name? (I've
noticed the wiki title search is sometimes more restrictive than one
would expect as to what constitutes a match.)
MG The page you're looking for is Applications in Tcl and Tcl/Tk, I
believe. Not to much to see now, but look back in the revision history
for the page, the long list is still in there somewhere.
Lars H: Aha! It looks like revision 313 [2] is the last one before the
big content loss. Clearly not a page without problems (far too many
big and slowly loading images), but a kind of collection that should
be available (especially for those new to Tcl).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Break apart the Tcl Tk event loop
Xyem 2008-11-04 14:47 UTC :- I'm currently programming something in
OpenGL for research purposes and would like to use Tcl/Tk for the
controls. However, both OpenGL ( rather, GLUT ) and Tcl/Tk have
"closed" event loops.
Tcl will allow me to update the GUI from within OpenGL/GLUT ( by
calling 'update' in the GLUT 'idle' callback ). Would this be okay? I
can't think of any way it will recurse..
[Duoas] Have you seen GLUT/Tk ?
Xyem 2008-11-04 18:02 UTC :- I had not but that might be quite
useful.. Thanks!
ferrieux What about Paul Obermeier's Tcl3D ? Aren't you recreating the
same thing basically ?
Xyem 2008-11-10 21:45 UTC :- I'm using the OpenGL and Tcl::Tk modules
for Perl so I don't think so!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How to write a download procedure for big (2-3GB) files on server
side?
Ross: On a http server I wrote the cgi:
set f [open $tar_file r]
set siz [file size $tar_file]
fconfigure $f -translation binary
set dd [read $f $siz]
close $f
puts -nonewline "Content-type:application/x-download\n"
puts "Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=$ris"
puts "Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary"
puts "Content-Length: $siz\n"
puts -nonewline "$dd"
But for file size > 1020 MB this doesn't work (I get a segmentation
fault during the read command). How move around this buffer limit?
Lars H: The obvious solution would be to copy the file in smaller
chunks, e.g. using fcopy. Attempting to keep an entire 2–3 GB file in
RAM is frankly to beg for trouble…
NEM: Concretely, something like the following:
set f [open $tar_file r]
set siz [file size $tar_file]
fconfigure $f -translation binary
puts "Content-Type: application/x-download"
puts "Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=$ris"
puts "Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary"
puts "Content-Length: $siz"
puts "" ;# end of headers
fconfigure stdout -translation binary
fcopy $f stdout
flush stdout
close $f
You may also want to play with the -buffering/-buffersize on stdout.
Ross: thanks! Now it works (I used chunks of 1024).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Binding problem
MG I remember seeing a code snippet several years ago (by JH, I think)
that showed how to tell which modifiers (Control/Alt/etc) were held
down during a KeyPress event, but I can't find it now. From some
playing with bind and the manpages, the only thing I've found that
might've been it is using the %s substitution - as far as I can see
from my testing,
bind . <KeyPress> {puts %s}
always prints 8 for an unmodified keypress, 9 for Shift+Key, 12 for
Ctrl+Key, 13 for Ctrl+Shift+Key, 131080 for Alt+Key, 131084 for AltGr
+Key. Anyone know if this is actually correct (ie, always gives those
same figures at all times on all platforms), or whether there's
another way? My fallback if I can't get this to work or find the
original snippet is to use something like
bind . <KeyPress_Shift_L> {set shift 1}
bind . <KeyRelease_Shift_L> {set shift 0}
and just check those vars when a valid keypress (which is a printable
char or F1-F12, in this case) fires, to see which modifiers were in
use, but that's not really foolproof itself.
Also, on MS Windows, the numbers on the keypad fire on the same keysym
as the regular numbers, but I've noticed that the result of '%k' is
different (regular 1 key has an %k of 49, KP_1 has 97). Can I depend
on that to always be the same? (Will KP_* bindings always work on non-
Windows platforms?)
Any help would be very greatly appreciated.
aricb I can confirm that the %s codes are different in SuSE Linux than
the ones you posted above. It would be nice to have a cross-platform
solution to this issue, but at the moment I don't know what it would
be other than binding on each modifier key.
[Duoas] See the Xlib Manual section 10.5.2 for information on where
those substitution values come from. The State field is a bit mask
indicating which of certain modifier keys and mouse buttons were down
or active when the event triggered. Typically, the values are:
Shift Keys ShiftMask 1
Caps Lock LockMask 2
Control Key(s) ControlMask 4
Alt Keys Mod1Mask 8
Left Mouse Button Button1Mask 0x100
Middle Mouse Button Button2Mask 0x200
Right Mouse Button Button3Mask 0x400
Those should be the same for all systems, but I can only speak as to
Sun OS 9 and 10 and Windows XP, and usually the defaults in your Linux
distro.
There are also four other keys (Mod2Mask..Mod5Mask) which are often
used for customizations.
The thing about X systems is that these values can be changed via your
~/.xmodmap rc file. And there is no real convention for mapping your
"Windows keys" (usually Super_X or Hyper_X), and the Alt-keys are
usually called Meta_X, but the meta keys, on some systems, can be
oddball stuff --like the Esc key. Here is something I found about
using XModMap for you [3].
If you find that the first four values are incorrect, then your system
is either mis-configured or it has been abnormally configured by your
Distro (barring, of course, explicit user configurations).
Hope this helps.
MG Heh, OK. Apparantly, if the variable way is imperfect, the others
which I thought might work better are downright useless, so I'll still
with imperfect ;) Thanks for your help, guys. (I kinda figured I might
be out of luck when I got 131080 for Alt on Windows, but thought it
was worth trying;)
MG just found the original snippet he was referring to after someone
mentioned it on another page; it's on Portable keystate. Too tired to
go over it all atm and try and work it in, but that's what I was
referring to.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How to write a C program that uses Tcl?
I know that we typically refer people to the tclsh and wish source
code as examples of writing C code that uses tcl as a library.
But are there wiki pages that we could add to compile that discuss the
matter? It seems like a tutorial on writing such a critter, best
practices, etc. would be useful.
Charlie Indeed. A tutorial for beginners would be a great plus.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MPEG4 Video/Audio playing in a Tk widget?
So, are any students or hobbyists out there working on writing a Tk
widget that plays back audio/video from MPEG4 files?
Lars H: Would QuickTimeTcl fill this request? (Probably not for all
platforms, but it's a start.)
LV Someone mentioned that one to me, but I don't know if that works
for most Linux or Solaris, etc. systems.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tcl-TK + SQL Database
(Dec. 19th 2009) Hi Community. SQL lite seems to be the answer to
various needs. Unfortunately the average users I target are not
experts in SQL. Is there anything as user friendly as Access available
or in the works written in Tcl-Tk? I am not enclined to make Microsoft
even richer by buying a license for Access and I'd rather go with
something in the public domain. I've downloaded Outline a few years
ago. It is a marvellous software written by a gentleman named Theado
from this very community. It is very user friendly and very useful.
I'd love something of the sort but in the form of a database manager
as user friendly as Access. Thank you Community for enlightening me
with your excellent knowledge.
By the same token if I could find a spreadsheet written in Tcl-TK I'd
have a Tcl-TK Office suite. That would be great. Thanks again
Community.
MG SQLiteTablelist and SQLiteStudio both may be of some use to you, as
might ATKSqlBrowser. (Never used any of them myself, so can't offer
any more info, just found them doing a search for 'Sql' in page titles
on the wiki.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tk8.5.4 make fail on ubuntu 8.041 LTS
[mrm0607] 10/11/2008 Dear TCL/Tk user community, I am new to Tcl/Tk
and new to LINUX as well. I need to install Tcl/Tk for another
application (before its install). By mistake I uninstalled Tcl/Tk
8.5.4 from my UBUNTU machine. I installed TCL 8.5.4 from its TAR and
it seems to working OK. But when I started installing Tk 8.5.4 from
its TAR, make failed. I am listing first error it puts out.
mamta@requiem:~/Desktop/tk8.5.4/unix$ make gcc -c -O2 -pipe -Wall -Wno-
implicit-int -fPIC -I/home/mamta/Desktop/tk8.5.4/unix/../unix -I/home/
mamta/Desktop/tk8.5.4/unix/../generic -I/home/mamta/Desktop/tk8.5.4/
unix/../bitmaps -I/home/mamta/Desktop/tcl8.5.4/generic -I/home/mamta/
Desktop/tcl8.5.4/unix -DPACKAGE_NAME=\"tk\" -DPACKAGE_TARNAME=\"tk\" -
DPACKAGE_VERSION=\"8.5\" -DPACKAGE_STRING=\"tk\ 8.5\" -
DPACKAGE_BUGREPORT=\"\" -DSTDC_HEADERS=1 -DHAVE_SYS_TYPES_H=1 -
DHAVE_SYS_STAT_H=1 -DHAVE_STDLIB_H=1 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -
DHAVE_MEMORY_H=1 -DHAVE_STRINGS_H=1 -DHAVE_INTTYPES_H=1 -
DHAVE_STDINT_H=1 -DHAVE_UNISTD_H=1 -DHAVE_LIMITS_H=1 -
DMODULE_SCOPE=extern\ __attribute__$\(__visibility__\(\"hidden\"$\)
\) -DTCL_SHLIB_EXT=\".so\" -DTCL_CFG_OPTIMIZED=1 -DTCL_CFG_DEBUG=1 -
D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DTCL_WIDE_INT_TYPE=long\ long -
DHAVE_STRUCT_STAT64=1 -DHAVE_OPEN64=1 -DHAVE_LSEEK64=1 -
DHAVE_TYPE_OFF64_T=1 -DHAVE_SYS_TIME_H=1 -DTIME_WITH_SYS_TIME=1 -
DHAVE_INTPTR_T=1 -DHAVE_UINTPTR_T=1 -DHAVE_PW_GECOS=1 -
DTCL_NO_DEPRECATED -DUSE_TCL_STUBS /home/mamta/Desktop/tk8.5.4/unix/../
generic/tk3d.c
In file included from /home/mamta/Desktop/tk8.5.4/unix/../generic/
tkInt.h:21,
from /home/mamta/Desktop/tk8.5.4/unix/../generic/
tk3d.c:16:
/home/mamta/Desktop/tk8.5.4/unix/../generic/tk.h:78:23: error: X11/
Xlib.h: No such file or directory
after this there is along list of error.
I was wondering if somebody could help me to install Tk.
If this is not the right place to ask this question please let me know
where I can post this question.
Thank you. mrm0607
Lars H: I'm no good at this, but since noone else has answered… The
problem seems to be that the compiler doesn't find the X11 headers,
which seems odd since configure should presumably check that kind of
thing. You did run it, I hope? (Also: Read the README, followed the
instructions therein, etc.?)
JM I think you don't have to go through un-TAR, make, etc. ActiveState
provides an installer for linux, which is pretty much click and run...
[Duoas] For Ubuntu/flavors you can repair it with your package
manager.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tcl8.5 tk8.5
If you have sufficiently boogered your tk install, you may have to
sudo apt-get remove tk
before update and/or install.
I just installed tcl on my Kubuntu but I used the ActiveTcl tarball.
After installing in the suggested /opt/Active*/ directory, make sure
to add (hard)links to the files in the ActiveTcl bin directory from
your /usr/bin directory:
cd /opt/Active*/bin/
sudo ln -f -t /usr/bin *
cd /usr/bin
sudo ln tclsh5.5 tclsh
sudo ln wish5.5 wish
However, if you really want to compile it yourself... Part of the
design of Ubuntu is that most people are just regular "users", so by
default it does not include a large number of development packages
needed for systems/X11/library/etc programming. At a minimum you will
need
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential make g++ x-dev libx11-dev
manpages-dev glibc-doc
See here [4] for more.
Whew. Hope this helps.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data storage preferences
MG 02/10/2008 I'm thinking of writing a new (mostly toy) app, which
will need a small database of some sort (and will probably be kept as
a starpack when it's written). I know a reasonable amount of SQL, so
SQLite is a possibility, as is just throwing the data into a textfile
in a fairly basic format (possibly just a file of [array set]
commands, or something a little neater that'd have to be parsed in).
I've also been considering Metakit, though - I heard some good things
said about it quite a while back, but have never really looked at it
in much detail. My main reason for considering it now is that it's
already available in a Tclkit, tbh. So, my question (after all that
rambling) is: is it worth using? I don't need to do any particularly
complex queries here (nothing that can't be done quite simply in pure
Tcl with data stored in an array), and the data is only likely to get
up to about 500 rows/10-15 fields. Are there any particular advantages
to Metakit that'd make it worth learning (for this and future/more
complex projects), over one of the alternatives I'm more familiar with
already? Any input from someone who's used Metakit would be greatly
appreciated :)
RS 2008-10-06: For the size you mention (and some orders of magnitude
more), a plain text file seems most suitable for me, as it doesn't
need sqlite or tclkit infrastructure for being inspected or edited
with any plain editor, grepped, gawked etc.
Larry 2008-10-06: Somewhere down the line you'll be happy you have
learned SQL. This project you're working on gives you a chance to
explore and learn SQL Lite so go for it. You won't regret it. Anything
you learn can be useful down the line.
MG already knows SQL :) Though I've never really used SQLite before,
the syntax differences between that and MySQL (which is what I'm most
familiar with) are negligable. Metakit was the one I wasn't familiar
with. Thanks for your replies, though - I've decided to skip Metakit,
at least for the time being. I'm not too bothered about external
dependencies (I'm writing the app mostly for myself, and then mostly
for the fun of writing it, not to really use much), so will possibly
go with SQLite just to save having to spend time on code for saving/
loading the data.
Larry 2008-08-11 If you could provide us with a step by step tutorial
on how to use a SQL Lite database, we'd be forever indebted to you. If
you go to http://www.sqlite.org/ you'll be convinced that SQL Lite and
Tcl-Tk go hand in hand for unless I'm mistaken it seems to me this is
the only programming language they ever mention so this is really good
publicity for us.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tcom and SAPI 5.1 error 0x80020011
I am attempting to change the default output sample rate / format at
which the SAPI engine gives the soundcard I have a way to change the
format now but have a problem when making a call to set a boolen value
in the SpVoice object see code snippet:
package require tcom
set FALSE false
if {$FALSE} {}
set out [::tcom::ref createobject Sapi.SpMMAudioOut]
set testform [$out Format]
$testform Type 30
set voice [::tcom::ref createobject Sapi.SpVoice]
tk_messageBox -message [$voice AllowAudioOutputFormatChangesOnNextSet]
$voice "AllowAudioOutputFormatChangesOnNextSet" $FALSE
$voice AudioOutputStream $out
$voice Speak "An application creates the SpVoice " 0
This line is the offending code:
$voice "AllowAudioOutputFormatChangesOnNextSet" $FALSE
Gives error 0x80020011 from tcom
It throws back a lovely error which upon goggling does not really mean
anything to me. I have attempted to make sure as the documentation
specifies that the value is a valid boolean false value but still the
error. When reading the value i get 1 back.
TL
CJL - It won't be much consolation, but that works fine for me as is
(XP sp3, ActiveState Tcl 8.5.1, tcom 3.9)
As an aside, the whole assigning of 'false' to FALSE, and testing
$FALSE seems a little redundant. Why not just use 'true' and 'false,
or 1 and 0?
Lars H: Probably an idiom to ensure $FALSE has a boolean Tcl_ObjType.
tcom is infamous for violating EIAS by translating a value differently
depending on the type of its internal representation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Can starkits be digitally signed?
Java provides a tool called webstart that allows Swing applications to
be deployed to a web server with a reference to a JNLP (Java Network
Launch Protocol) file, which when accessed by a client browser will
bring up the webstart environment, download identified jar files and
launch the application. There is even provided a Java servlet that
will allow the webstart environment to determine if a component of the
application changed since the last time it was run and only download
changed jars.
One of the features provided is the ability to digitally sign the jar
files then place in the .jnlp file a request for extended permissions.
If the signature is accepted, the webstart environment will open the
sandbox the code is running in to allow for more access. For example,
a Swing app that wanted to connect to a server other than the one it
was loaded from needs to be digitally signed then ask for permission
to do so.
Is there a way to also sign a .kit file and if that's possible, then
what would be needed to modify the tclkit system to be able to verify
a signature? If this works, then a .kit that was signed could have a
permissions script that the tclkit would use to open up additional
permissions in the interpreter that it creates.
Then, if the tclkit was deployed to a client and the .kit extension
were registered such that the tclkit is the executable that opens
the .kit, then you could deploy starkit's as direct links on a website
and execute them directly, while providing solid sandbox security.
Lars H: I don't think there is anything like that in tclkits, i.e.,
they currently always operate with full permissions, and there's no
mechanism for signing them. A sandbox environment for untrusted
starkits is an interesting idea; a good start is probably a sandbox
that asks the user for permission whenever the starkit wants to access
anything outside it. There is probably no great technical obstacle to
a digital signature system either, but that will probably come when
someone feels the need for it (starts delivering a frequently updated
starkit en masse over the web, or something like that).
NEM: A sandbox environment for starkits can be created easily enough:
set i [interp create -safe]
$i eval [list source [lindex $argv 0]]
Adding permissions (capabilities) to the safe interpreter can then be
done using interp alias. Sockets are not covered by the safe base, so
you'd have to come up with a permissions scheme here yourself (e.g.
limiting based on IP address or hostname). You should be able to sign
a starkit and then check the signature in your sandbox script.
Regarding only fetching what is needed: starkits have an excellent
solution to this in the form of starsync/sdx: it can not only fetch
those starkits that have changed but can actually scan inside the
starkit and only update those parts which need to be. This is all done
within a Metakit database transaction too, so is safe from crashes
etc.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Can't Get TK commands in TCL Script to Execute
I've installed Windows binay verions of TCL and WISH85 but can't seem
to executed TCL scripts with TK commands. Here's my script,
"button.tcl"...
#! "c:\Program Files\WinTclTk\bin\wish85"
button .b -text "press me" -command exit
pack .b
.b configure -background Red
I start tcl. Move to the directory where "button.tcl" is located and
at the % prompt enter "source button.tcl"
Only result is that I get error message invalid command "button".
What am I doing wrong?
aricb You are trying to use a Tk command without first loading Tk. Add
this to the beginning of your script:
package require Tk
MG Using wish on Windows, Tk should already be loaded, but if you were
running tclsh you'd need the package require. Never hurts to include
it, though, even if you are using wish. (If you're using wish, you'll
have a blank grey window, and a white console window. tclsh will just
give you a black Windows-command-prompt-style console.) There can also
be other problems if you give your script the same name as a widget,
by the way, so you might want to rename it to 'button-test.tcl' or
something.
LV Do the "bang" lines work on Windows? Is the above script being
started via command line? If so, is that command.bat, powershell, mks,
cygwin, UFS, MS posix or something else?
If the above script is not being started via command line, then
perhaps you are not getting what you expect - there are at least two
kinds of tclsh that I've seen around for Windows. One provides GUI
support and one is intended to be used without GUI. Perhaps your
system's binding is not set as you expect.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some very obsfucated code in C
Larry My apologies. This function is a function in C and not Tcl. I
see a lot of mathematicians gravitating around this wiki. This code
might be of interest. It has been circulating around the college since
the beginning of the school year and no one seems to understand what
this whole thing is about. There it is. The two unrelated parts. I am
sure some of you will understand in no time. As for the rest of us
we'd love to understand. Even the maths teacher doesn't get it!
void SN() /* Starts at {^}; */
{Len=(Word[2]* 100 + Word[3] * 10 + Word[4] -5328);
Word[0]=224;
Word[2]=Len%256;
Word[1]=Len/256;
Word[3]=(Len = Word[6] * 100 + Word[7] * 10 + Word[8] -5328) %256;
Word[1]+=(Len/256) *4;
Word[4]=Word[10];
Word[5]=Word[11];
Word[6]=Word[12];
Word[7] = (Len = Word[13] *100 + Word[14] * 10 + Word[15] -5328)
%256;
Word[1] += (Len/256) *16;Update:
Word[8] = NULL;
Len = 8;
}
And this one:
void ANB()
{
TSVar = getc(InFile) * 100 + getc(InFile) * 10 + getc(InFile) -5328;
DLWVar[0] = 128 + (TSVar/256) * 16;
DLWVar[1] = TSVar %256;
TSVar = getc(InFile) * 100 + getc(InFile) * 10 + getc(InFile) - 5328;
DLWVar[0] += (TSVar/256) * 4;
DLWVar[2]= TSVar % 256;
DLWVar[3] = getc(InFile);
DLWVar[4] = getc(InFile);
DLWVar[5] = getc(InFile);
TSVar = getc (InFile)*100 + getc(InFile)*10 + getc(InFile) -5328;
DLWVar [0]+= TSVar/256;
DLWVar [6] = TSVar%256;
TSVar=0;
}
Lars H: Looks like something parsing the header of some data
structure. The mysterious constant 5328 is 48*(100+10+1), so it simply
compensates for the ASCII code of 0 being 48, for all digits in a
three-digit decimal number.
Larry Interesting! So it's basically storing a set of numbers in a
variable. The second variable being DLW. About the 3 digits decimal
number, I believe you are on target Lars for a student also mentioned
this set of 3 numbers.
About this code:
TSVar = getc(InFile) * 100 + getc(InFile) * 10 + getc(InFile) - 5328;
DLWVar[3] = getc(InFile);
DLWVar[4] = getc(InFile);
DLWVar[5] = getc(InFile);
Another student mentioned that this line (TSVar = getc(InFile) * 100 +
getc(InFile) * 10 + getc(InFile) - 5328;) means that the first number
will be put in the thousands column, the second in the hundreds column
and the third in the units. Ex: 345. I wonder. Why go through all that
length and all those calculations to store 9 numbers in a variable is
what noone has quite understood.
Precisely how is the data treated? Let's say the input is 123-456-789,
what is precisely the transformation of these numbers and what is the
end result, what is stored in the DLW variable.
Someone mentioned that the 9 numbers go from alphanumerical format to
numbers and this number is converted to bits. I'd like to redo the
process but in Tcl. How do I go about it?
In fact this might simply be a matter of converting a number into
binary. Is there a specific TCL command I could use for that?
I'd like to redo this code in Tcl-Tk for let's say the beauty with Tcl-
Tk code is that it is intuitive, precise, elegant and powerful and it
never leads to situations where no one has a clue about what the code
is about, a hieroglyph of sorts. Thanks for your greatly appreciated
help!
Lars H: You are starting to sound rather clingy (sort of like a
student posting his homework assignments in a forum, in the hope that
someone will solve it for him), but it's all very simple:
•To convert the numbers in something like 123-456-789 to native
numbers in Tcl, use scan.
•If you then need to convert these numbers to binary format (which is
probably only necessary if the whole thing aims to do a text format to
binary format conversion), then use binary format.
Those two shouldn't have been hard to find yourself…
Larry Heydo Lars. Don't be hard on me. I did find out the page on
binary format. I did my homework. But there is one thing that I was
really uncapable of finding out is the Tcl command to read a binary
file and to see the contents of a variable. Don't get me wrong. I am a
beginner and I am a little well let's say very lost. Thanks again and
heydo again. Do you say heydo in Swedish to say goodbye?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scrollbar problem
I created a large one page application with lots of fields and buttons
using the TK gui. Then I tried adding a vertical scrollbar but it
doesn't scroll. Does anyone have any simple code that I could add to
just scroll from top to bottom!
EE - 2008/09/16 - Perhaps you'd like to tell us HOW you tried to add a
scrollbar? with absolutely no information about what you're trying to
scroll, it's a bit harder to advise you.
MSH - It Sounds like he/she is trying to scroll frames. The TK
scrollbars are associated with single 'scrollable' widgets not
collections of entries/buttons/frames, the BWidget library has a
ScrollableFrame] megawidget which builds a frame to contain other
widgets which itself is scrollable. One quick note, applications with
LOTS of fields/buttons are not very user friendly (especially with
scrollbars) and there may be other methods (paned window/notebook...)
to arrange these fields better.
This is an example of what I'm trying to do but on a smaller scale.
This application has 3 columns 4 rows 3 buttons, 3 input fields, and a
scrollbar widget spanning the 4 rows located in column 3. What code
could I add to make it scroll as it doesn't do it?
# interface generated by SpecTcl version 1.1 from C:/SpecTcl/
scroll_eg.ui
# root is the parent window for this user interface
proc scroll_eg_ui {root args} {
----
** tcom and SAPI 5.1 **
I have the major functionality of SAPI working with tcom but I can not
for the life of me figure out how to change the output bit rate when
speaking text through the SAPI engine. I have the documentation but it
is unclear to me what and where I need to set to improve the quality.
The functionality I want is to List all of the formats and then to set
the new format. Any ideas would be great.
TL# this treats "." as a special case
if {$root == "."} {
set base ""
} else {
set base $root
}
button $base.button#1 \
-text button1
entry $base.entry#1 \
-textvariable entry
scrollbar $base.scrollbar#1
button $base.button#2 \
-text button2
entry $base.entry#2 \
-textvariable entry
button $base.button#3 \
-text button3
entry $base.entry#3 \
-textvariable entry
# Geometry management
grid $base.button#1 -in $root -row 1 -column 1
grid $base.entry#1 -in $root -row 1 -column 2
grid $base.scrollbar#1 -in $root -row 1 -column 3 \
-rowspan 4 \
-sticky ns
grid $base.button#2 -in $root -row 2 -column 1
grid $base.entry#2 -in $root -row 2 -column 2
grid $base.button#3 -in $root -row 3 -column 1
grid $base.entry#3 -in $root -row 3 -column 2
# Resize behavior management
grid rowconfigure $root 1 -weight 1 -minsize 30
grid rowconfigure $root 2 -weight 0 -minsize 30
grid rowconfigure $root 3 -weight 0 -minsize 30
grid rowconfigure $root 4 -weight 0 -minsize 30
grid columnconfigure $root 1 -weight 0 -minsize 30
grid columnconfigure $root 2 -weight 0 -minsize 30
grid columnconfigure $root 3 -weight 0 -minsize 30
# additional interface code
# end additional interface code
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CSV databases converted into binary files
[Steve K] I am glad to see some people still use those very small and
very handy CSV databases. Very interesting answers below. I have seen
many a times csv databases converted into binary files for faster
access. Is this a true fact -are they really faster?- or is it yet
another urban computing legend?
How is the conversion into binary done in Tcl? What is the command?
Also if I want to store values in one bit (256 characters), how is
this done? I am a beginner in Tcl and any info I can get my hands on
is useful. Thanks.
Larry Read below re: the tcllib csv package) suggested by LV. It might
help you greatly.
As for converting numbers into binary format, you're in luck. Try
here: http://wiki.tcl.tk/1591
I know for a fact that retrieving numbers put into a binary format or
even a database put in that format is a faster operation than
retrieving regular numers or a txt database. What is the technical
reason for that? It might have to do with the fact that the binary
format is closer to the machine CPU language the same way C is closer
to the machine CPU. This is the reason C is considered a low-level
programming language (it is coded in Assembler and Assembler adresses
itself straight to the machine). For info: Tcl, like most high level
languages is coded in C. I'm no expert. But you might want to have a
look at the article on Binary on Wikipedia.
This talk about binary, CSV files is not much in fashion today. I'm in
my late twenties and my generation is not concerned with this
problematic; an older programmer showed me around txt databases,
binary conversions and I might say I was impressed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interactive syntax check (CSV data)
Larry: Hi, I have a comma-delimited database; stuff like
field1,field2,field3. Pretty basic but cool enough. And it doesn't use
a lot of space. I am working on some code to verify entries to make
sure students are entering data correctly.
First I verify if there are 5 commas in each line in the database. If
this isn't the case, the program stops and the student can make the
changes. In the second field, there should be either a 0 or the
following tag: CW000-aa000. CW has to be there. The other elements can
vary from CW000-aa000 to CW999-zz999. If the syntax is not right, the
program stops. The student verifies his entry. The fourth field works
on the same principle but TLW has to be there instead of CW (we'll
have 0 or from TLW000-aa000 to TLW999-zz999). The 5th field works also
on the same principle but TS has to be there instead of CW (we'll have
0 or from TS000-aa000 to TS999-zz999).This is what I programmed so far
and I seem to have not achieved what I wanted. I have checked and
counter-checked but I must admit I'm stuck. Anyone has answers?
Thanks!
I'd also like to highlight the error.
set text [$::main_ht get 1.0 end-1c]
set lines [split $text \n]
foreach line $lines {
if ![regexp {^([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*)$}
$line whole source cw cat tlw ts dest] {
if [regexp {^([^,]*),} $line source] {
tk_messageBox -type ok -icon info -message "Error! There
should be exactly 6 fields at $source! Please correct!"
}
return 0
} else {
if {$cw != 0} {
if ![regexp {cw[0-9][0-9][0-9]-[a-z][a-z][0-9][0-9][0-9]} $cw]
{
tk_messageBox -type ok -icon info -message "Error at
$source in the CW field (field # 2)! The correct syntax is: 0 or cw000-
aa000. Please correct!"
return 0
}
}
if {$tlw != 0} {
if ![regexp {tlw[0-9][0-9][0-9]-[a-z][a-z][0-9][0-9][0-9]}
$tlw] {
tk_messageBox -type ok -icon info -message "Error at
$source in the TLW field (field # 4)! The correct syntax is: 0 or
tlw000-aa000. Please correct!"
return 0
}
}Update:
if {$ts != 0} {
if ![regexp {ts[0-9][0-9][0-9]-[a-z][a-z][0-9][0-9][0-9]} $ts]
{
tk_messageBox -type ok -icon info -message "Error at
$source in the TS field (field # 5)! The correct syntax is: 0 or ts000-
aa000. Please correct!"
return 0
}
}
return 1
}
Please provide one or two example lines from the data-base. So we can
look at this issue right away. (<- line to remove)
MG Without knowing exactly what's not working correctly or what data
you're using... One possible problem is that regexp is case-sensitive,
and you're matching against 'ts...', but you said the data was
'TS...'. You might need to use the -nocase flag for regexp, or some
other alternative. For what it's worth, I'd probably do the whole
thing something like this (untested):
set text [$::main_ht get 1.0 end-1c]
set i 0
set regexp {[0-9][0-9][0-9]-[a-z][a-z][0-9][0-9][0-9]}
foreach line [split $text \n] {
incr i
set list [split $line ,]
if { [llength $list] != 6 } {
tk_messageBox -message "Line $i contains [llength $list]
elements instead of 6"
return 0;
}
if { [lindex $list 2] == "Gym" } {
foreach x {3 4 5} {
if { [lindex $list $x] != 0 } {
tk_messageBox -message "Line $i has Gym for field 3
but field [expr {$x+1}] has [lindex $list $x], not 0!"
return 0;
}
}
} else {
foreach {x y} [list "CW" [lindex $list 1] "TLW" [lindex $list
3] "TS" [lindex $list 4]] {
if { $y != 0 && ![regexp -nocase "^$x$regexp\$" $y] } {
tk_messageBox "Error in the $x field on line $i (got
$y, expected ${x}000-aa000 to ${x}999-zz999 or 0)"
return 0;
}
}
}
}
return 1;
Larry Thanks MG!
Interactive syntax check (CSV data) is indeed an excellent way to
describe what I'm painfully trying to do.
Your code looks like code that will work. I can't wait to try it.
Now this is what the database will look like:
anthropology212,CW121-aa234,StockwellBldg,TLW476-ni609,TP012-
fa098,Spring08
Fields 2, 4 and 5 are either:
•CW000-aa000 tUpdate:o CW999-zz999 or 0
•TLW000-aa000 to TLW999-zz999 or 0
•TP000-aa000 to TP999-zz999 or 0
Hope this is clearer!
Say, how do I highlight the precise error?
A last thing. In field # 3, if I get the word Gym, the next 3 fields
shoud all have a zero in them and nothing but a zero.
Ex: engineering123,CW111-aa121,Gym,0,0,0,
I have been trying to figure out how to do this for quite a while!
Thanks again!
MG has updated the code above, hopefully it'll do that too now.
Larry Many thanks again, MG! Now I get to understand better how things
should be done.
I did manage to highlight the errors in yellow to my own surprise. It
must probably have been my lucky day. A fluke as they call it. But
I've been struggling with yet another problem: instead of having the
program warn me of every error one by one I'd like it to highlight all
the errors at once so that the student can do all the corrections in
ons shot. I tried all kinds of solutions but none seems to work. Is
there a quick way to go about this? Do you need my highlight code?
Thanks again for your excellent answers, MG.
MG There are probably a few ways you could go about it. One would be
to remove the returns, and instead of reporting the errors in a
tk_messageBox, just lappend them into a variable. Then at the end,
llength $listOfErrors
will tell you how many errors there were, and you can always use
something like
tk_messageBox -message [join $listOfErrors \n]
to report them (though you may want to insert them into a text widget
or something like that, as more than 10-20 lines in a message box are
often hard or impossible to read, on some platforms).
Larry I'll try that. It sounds just right. Thanks again, Mike. I
deeply appreciate.
LV Just a side thought - would any of this be easier if you gathered
the individual fields from the students, then created the records for
them? I don't know enough of the background of the work being done.
But it just seems to me that, since you are using tk anyways,
providing a series of fields, then creating a csv record (using,
perhaps, the tcllib csv package), might make some things easier. You
could have different edits for each value, and not have to worry as
much about the line as a whole...
Excellent idea, Larry. I'll try that. I wasn't aware the tcllib csv
package) existed. It might ease things for me a little.
Thanks.
Here is the code: I'd also like to put a nice congratulatory window
that will say: No errors! Congratulations!
proc verify.the.student.file.entry {} {
$::main_ht see 1.0
$::main_ht mark set insert 1.0
set text [$::main_ht get 1.0 end-1c]
set lines [split $text \n]
set i 0
set errors_count 0
set errors_list [list]
set regexp {[0-9][0-9][0-9]-[a-z][a-z][a-z][0-9][0-9][0-9]}
foreach line $lines {
incr i
set list [split $line ,]
if { [llength $list] != 6 } {
incr errors_count
lappend errors_list [list $i -1]
} else {
foreach {x y z} [list "CW" [lindex $list 1] 1 "TLW" [lindex
$list 3] 3 "TS" [lindex $list 4] 4] {
if { $y != 0 && ![regexp -nocase "^$x$regexp\$" $y] } {
incr errors_count
lappend errors_list [list $i $z]
}
}
}
}
if {$errors_count == 0} {
return 1
} else {
highlight.multiple.fields $errors_list
tk_messageBox -message "$errors_count error(s) were found!\nPlease
correct them and run Verify again."
return 0
}
}
Larry I did run into a problem of sorts. Not to worry a small one. As
soon as I click on a record to verify it, the highlight diseappears
and this, even before I finish the line. It is not really good for I
might have to do many corrections for a record. The simplest thing to
do would be for me to keep the highlights on and afterwards to run a
new Verify. Having the highlight on even for a record that has been
verified doesn't really bother me. As usual I tried many different
ways to keep the highlight and I can't seem to find a solution.
Any thoughts on this Mike?
In fact I must say having the highlight disappear when I correct the
error is a pretty cool concept. But the problem is if I have two or
more errors on the same line (hence two or more highlights) the
highlight for all the errors on the same line disappear as soon as I
correct the first error; this is not good since I am losing track of
what is to be corrected. Is there a way to put some extra code so that
only the highlight disappears only for the error corrected and not for
the whole line? Thanks again.
Thanks again Mike and Larry. Your help is greatly appreciated in this
hectic beginning of school year. Mind you they're all hectic but we'll
survive.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Can code be copied freely?
I see here[5] some useful code, can I copy it and use it, what is the
copyright status?
See Who owns the content on this Wiki.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Are floats not Locale?
[tb] Hi, I just did a little debugging with George, regarding TileGTK.
George found out, that GTK sets the Locale and changes the format for
floating point numbers to have a comma, where a period is expected. My
Locale is de_DE and floats are really written like 0,234. It seems
like the Gnome environment handles such floats regarding the Locale,
when communicating with other modules, leaving Tcl behind.
Lars H: I believe the general opinion here would be that it is GTK/
Gnome that is buggy, on the grounds that communication between
software modules should be governed by a common protocol. If the
format of (supposedly machine-readable) messages generated depends on
something as flimsy as the locale, then there simply isn't a common
protocol! It could of course happen that there is a well-defined
protocol which allows both period and comma as decimal separator (in
an attempt to be more tolerant to components that have a locale-
dependency bug), in which case you need to handle both as well…
slebetman note that the request for locale specific formatting does
not imply local specific representation. When you write a C/C++
program using GTK you still write floats using dot as decimal point
and save them to file with printf using dot as the decimal point but
the UI accepts and displays the decimal point based on the locale. So
no, GTK is not buggy in this regard.
Also note that it is usually impossible to accept both . and , as
decimal points because they use , and . respectively as the thousand
separator:
1,000,000.75 === 1.000.000,75
Lars H: From the "when communicating with other modules" part, I
inferred that the problem was indeed that Gnome insisted on using a
locale-dependent numerical format for IPC — a locale-specific
representation. As I understand it, that the locale affects things
like printf is a fairly commonly encountered misfeature of (some
implementations of?) the standard C libraries. If this instead, as
slebetman suggests, is just the UI matter of Tcl programs not taking
the locale into account when formatting numbers to display to the user
whereas "all" GTK programs do, then that's another matter — possibly
the idea for a new tcllib module. Perhaps the original poster can
clarify what the question was about?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fitting rectangles on a page?
DB Given a set of rectangles (representing images) of various sizes
I'm trying to best fit them on a given canvas area. Allowing for
rotation of the rectangles if desired. Not sure where to begin, and
wondering if there's a known extension out there (or forumula) for
doing it--it would seem something that would have been done before,
but my searches are coming up empty.
Lars H: That's a packing problem (e.g. in the special case that all
the rectangles are the same width, you end up with the bin-packing
problem), which means it is probably rather hard (NP or so) to find an
optimal solution.
I wrote a piece of code two years ago that addresses the incremental
form of the problem (given images already positioned, where is the
best place to put the next one?) by brute force, so it is at best a
greedy heuristic, but it may be good enough. I'll put it at Packing
rectangles.
After a night's sleep: Rectangle packing — given a list of rectangles
to pack and a boundary rectangle within which to pack them, determine
whether this can be done — is obviously in NP (the certificate is the
positions of the rectangles). Checking the literature confirms that
bin-packing [6] is NP-hard, even in the case when there are only 2
bins.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Why does this have no effect?
[tb] - In a window creation procedure, which can create multiple
instances of that window, I use:
wm protocol $w WM_DELETE_WINDOW "::destroyInstance $w"
to reset an array of window associated data, when the window gets
deleted.
The destroyInstance procedure looks like:
proc destroyInstance {w args} {
# tb - 2007-01-06 (02:16)
Update:
trace remove variable ::WINDATA($w) write "::selectData $w"
array unset ::WINDATA $w
destroy $w
}
I know this procedure gets called, but the unsetting has no effect. Is
it a case of level nesting?
MG just ran
set w [toplevel .win]
set WINDATA($w) foo
Update: followed by your code, then closed the window, and the
variable was cleared without a problem. I can't see any obvious reason
why it would ever fail, from what you've posted. Maybe there's
something in the rest of your code causing the problem? (Incidently,
if you don't ever want to stop the window being destroyed, but just do
something when it happens, you can bind to <Destroy> for the window
instead of using wm protocol, though you have to add an extra check
for toplevels to make sure it's not being triggered for a child
window.)
tb Hi MG! Thanks for the hint on binding <Destroy> to the toplevel. I
never knew about that. It works now as intended :)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tk Console Issue With PuTTYcyg
FPX I am using PuTTYcyg [7] as my Windows console. This generally
works much better than running Cygwin's bash in a Windows command-line
window. However, it gets Tcl and Tk confused when started from within
PuTTYcyg:
•When running tclsh84.exe or wish84.exe, the "% " prompt does not
show. Other output (e.g., from puts) is going to the terminal as
expected.
•When bringing up the Tk console ("console show"), the console prompt
shows in the Tk console as expected. However, any output is going to
the PuTTYcyg console rather than the Tk console.
The first issue I can live with. The second one is pretty irritating,
though. Any idea how I can convince the Tk console to direct output to
the Tk console rather than the PuTTYcyg console?
Lars H: Regarding the first issue: The % prompt is only output when
tcl_interactive is 1. Is it perhaps 0 in your case?
Regarding the second issue: By "output", do you mean only results of
[puts stdout] and the like, or also values returned by command typed
in the PuTTYcyg console? The former seems logical to me (the process
was given proper channels when started by the PuTTYcyg console, so
wish wouldn't find it necessary to create mock-ups), the latter less
so.
FPX: Indeed $tcl_interactive was zero. Setting it to 1 fixed the first
issue. Thanks for the hint! (Although it is surprising why Tcl sets
this variable differently when running in a PuTTYcyg console vs.
running in a Windows command shell.)
As for the second issue, I mean both. The only text that I see in the
Tk console is the very first prompt and the text that I type into it.
All subsequent prompts, interpreter results, standard output and
standard error go to the PuTTYcyg console. Again $tcl_interactive is
zero, but setting it to 1 has no effect.
Lars H: Presumably the standard channels provided by PuTTYcyg are
somehow different from the ones provided by the windows command-line.
Different how? No idea, but apparently in some way that makes a
difference for the startup code in tclsh/wish that wants to figure out
whether it is connected to a TTY. File a bug at SF.
glennj (2008-10-22): Hey, nice find, I'm going to adopt PuTTYcyg too.
Note in the FAQ that non-cygwin programs are not supported [8]. I
presume you're using the ActiveState tclsh and not cygwin's tclsh.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is there a hook for an own error dialog?
tb I'd like to replace Tk's error dialog. Is it possible?
Lars H: That's basically a matter of defining your own bgerror
procedure. Does anyone have an example at hand? (Searching the wiki
only turned up non-GUI definitions of bgerror.)
tb Yeah! That's it! - I can navigate to ::bgerror using TclTalk's
browser and inspect the source. I'd like to create a new dialog,
showing the stack of called procs to browse their code, possibly with
hilighted calling lines. I think it can be done by wrapping
$::errorInfo.
tb Here's my version, for further inspection at Replacing Tk's error
dialog
peterc: There's also TclTalkback, which is another replacement for the
standard bgerror proc.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What's the underlying data structure for a ::ttk::treeview ?
I can't get it working. How is the tree supposed to be setup? Is it a
list of lists ?
LV Did you read the treeview and ttk::treeview pages? The first one,
treeview, in particular has sample code and a screen capture of the
result.
tb Hi Larry! Yes I read it, but it only shows how to fill the widget
stepwise. Isn't there a way to set it up like a listbox with the -
listvariable option?
LV While I haven't used it myself, when I read the man page, I sure
don't see any way to fill the widget other than stepwise.
tb Ok, but it'd be nice to have a tcl list here at runtime, right now
it is invisible for introspection.
MG The best way to figure out what's displayed (that I know of) is
using the $widget children and $widget item commands recursively:
proc printInfo {tree {parent ""} {level 0}} {
puts "[string repeat { } $level]Item \"[$tree item $parent -text]
\" ([$tree item $parent -image])"
foreach x [$tree children $parent] {
printInfo $tree $x [incr level]
}
}
printInfo .tree
Lars H: Did you really intend to increment the level at every
iteration of the loop, MG? Looks as this would make a second child
indented as much as a first grandchild…
lv interestingly enough, I don't see a tip that discusses the treeview
widget. I guess that any discussion about data structures, interface,
etc. must have gone on within the Tile project work. Now that the
widget is a part of the standard Tk distribution, a TIP would be
needed to enhance or modify the interface. Perhaps the next step would
be to post a note on comp.lang.tcl to see if you could find others who
share your viewpoint and perhaps recruit someone who is passionate
about the need to champion a TIP to enhance the interface. You might
also try contacting the maintainer of the code itself, to see what
their view on the matter is.
LV When I looked over at http://www.tkdocs.com/ , at the ttk tutorials
there, I don't see anything mentioned there about the functionality
you are seeking .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A tcl interface for couchdb
Has anyone considered doing this? I am in the process of writing one
and do not wish to duplicate effort.
If no-one responds I guess I should make a page?? I'm not sure of the
process for doing this sort of thing...
nb couchdb is a document-oriented db written in erlang that has a
RESTful interface.
chemuduguntar I am writing little library/wrapper that makes REST
calls using curl. It is not very sophisticated, it uses the curl shell
for e.g. it would be neater if it used the curl tcl interface. The
JSON document is passed in as a string so you can use huddle's
jsondump, but unfortunately there is no way to unserialise an json
document without loosing type information (CMIAW).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Editing of pages on this wiki
I was reading http://wiki.tcl.tk/461 today and found some syntax on
that page for which there is no evidence of any recent Tcl version
supporting (either in execution or documentation). I asked on the
Tclers Chat too and nobody there recognized it either. So I added a
cautionary note to the top of the page, version 32. It seems the note
was deleted three hours later in subsequent versions. Do I assume that
there is a Wiki-war abrewing? Do we discuss this somewhere. Or, should
I just forget it because it isn't worth the trouble? buchs
Lars H: I deleted it, because I found it unnecessary. The entries on
those particular items (lookbehind constraints) already contained a
note saying that they're not implemented in Tcl AREs, so what was your
problem?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cleaning up input data
Occasionally, users will paste, into a text entry field, data from
some Microsoft product. This data looks, to the user, like legit
characters, but contains things like Microsoft "smart quotes", elipse
character, and so forth.
Does anyone have a regular expression/string map/whatever that could
be used to translate this specialty characters into something that are
not microsoft specific?
Thank you!
Lars H: There's nothing particularly Microsoft about the
“nonsymmetric” »qoutes« or such — they were common under MacOS while
PCs were still straggling with non-graphical user interfaces —
although it would make sense that M$ now forces these characters onto
unsuspecting users, when it has accepted that the characters exist…
Still, the characters are all perfectly legal Unicode, so the question
is what you want, exactly. A way of ASCIIfying English text, perhaps?
I'd suggest a string map is best for this; the work is mostly to
compose the list of common problematic characters. Use scan %c to find
out their codepoints, then write as \uXXXX-escapes in your code to
prevent mangling by intolerant editors.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tile Buttons
MG Another one, I'm afraid :)
I'm trying to do toolbar buttons using Tile - something equivilent to
Tk's
button .b -relief flat -overrelief raised
I tried using this (I know I'd want to use a custom style to do it
right, but just to test):
ttk::button .b
ttk::style configure TButton -relief flat
ttk::style map TButton -relief {disabled flat pressed sunken active
raised}
but got no joy; the button kept the defaults. Curiously, though, using
a ttk::menubutton and replacing those TButtons with TMenubutton gave
me a menubutton that did what I expected. Both the normal button and
the menubutton looked fully native under Classic and XP themes, so I
assume both are using Windows controls rather than having Tk draw them
from scratch itself. Anyone know why it's working for the menubutton
but not the button? Thanks in advance for your help.
Martyn Smith There is a built in style called 'Toolbutton' (I suggest
you reread clamTheme.tcl, These files are a MAJOR source of help)
which defines this action for all themes. e.g.
ttk::button .b -style Toolbutton -text EUREKA
you might want to look at the 'TEntry' sections as well.
MG Thanks again for your help, Martyn, that does exactly what I need
(though I'm still curious why what I tried didn't work -- something
similar to the problem I had before, I imagine?). I didn't realise
that things in the clamTheme.tcl file would have any relevance while
using other themes (and though there is a mention of Toolbutton in the
xpnative.tcl theme, it's only to set the -padding option - is the
Toolbutton style imported from somewhere else that I've not noticed,
or provided in the Tcl source rather than at the scripting level?)
Anyway, thanks again, that's gotten just about the last of my GUI
converted to Tile now, so hopefully I won't have any more questions
any time soon ;)
Martyn Smith The clamTheme.tcl only initialises the attributes for the
clam theme by modifying the default parameters. All my theme files
create the Toolbutton style, I think that this is all that is
necessary to add this functionality. The blue theme is only a blue.tcl
file and a set of PNG files.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How does the Tile entry widget work?
MG I'm trying to switch a lot of an app over to Tile, but I'm having
trouble finding any docs/info that are both up-to-date and
comprehensive; so far most of what I've gotten working has been
largely through guesswork (and some of it's probably wrong, even
though it seems to work).
1.Does anyone know of a detailed tutorial?
2.Or failing that, my current problem:
I'm trying to use an entry widget which keeps the same background
colour even when it's disabled. I've tried just about everything I
could think of; just using a -background option for the widget (seems
to be ignored), trying to define a custom style (but I'm not really
sure what I'm doing with that from the docs; it has no effect, but
maybe I'm doing it wrong).. any help would be greatly appreciated.
(I have considered just using a regular Tk entry widget for it, which
is what I'm doing currently - but when it's on a screen with a half-
dozen other entry widgets that are from Ttk, it just looks out of
place.)
3. slightly later - I'd also like to change the default cursor for
all !disabled ttk::entry widgets to be xterm. That one, at least, does
seem to work with
ttk::entry .foo -cursor xterm
but I'd prefer to change the default, instead of having to give it
every time, if possible.
Martyn Smith I use something like
style map TEntry -background [list {disabled} white]
style map TEntry -foreground [list {disabled} black]
something similar should work for -cursor or any other attributes see
ttk::style and the 'xxxTheme.tcl' files in the tile directory for more
details.
LV With regards to 1, I presume you know about http://www.tkdocs.com/
?
MG Thanks for your answers. That's actually one of the things I tried,
Martyn, and it didn't have any effect:
ttk::style map TEntry -background [list {disabled} red]
ttk::style configure TEntry -background red
ttk::entry .e
pack .e
.e state disabled;# shows an entry widget with a greyed out
background
Same thing with -cursor, too. I'm using a Tclkit (8.5.1) on Win XP,
btw. (I hadn't seen tkdocs.com before, but will take a look at it now,
thanks.)
MG Just read through most of the tutorial on tkdocs. It's very well
done, but doesn't currently cover anything other than the basics of
using the Ttk widgets (like the ttk::style command, for instance).
LV You started out asking about more documentation on Tile. The
developer at tkdocs is the one with whom you want to work. He has a
Google group where questions and discussions can be held, and
hopefully as you work out with him what info you are needing, his
pages at the web site will improve.
MG I'd love to work with the developer at the TkDocs site to document
some of the more complex parts of Tile. Unfortunately, though, I just
have no idea how they actually work (and read that he also has no
knowledge of those parts, or the time to try and figure it out
currently, though I forget where that was now). And there doesn't seem
to be any place with clear, concise and up-to-date/working
explainations of how any of the commands work/can be used to do these
kinds of things. Some current documentation would be great (all I've
really found so far is the man pages for ttk::style, which I haven't
really found all that clear or helpful, and some stuff on this wiki
which is unfortunately out of date now), but failing that someone who
actually knows how they work (or has at least manage to fiddle with
the commands and get the outcome I'm trying to, which is more than I
have) who can explain it so I could document it somewhere would also
be really helpful.
PT: With the XP theme (and the Aqua theme will likely be the same) the
entry uses a 'field' element to draw the basic background and this is
defined by the platform. To take control of the colours you have to
create an element that you control and configure a style
appropriately. The 'default' theme is a good source of Tk drawn
elements or you could create an image element using the image element
engine (see ttk::style element create).
Cursor handling for ttk widgets is as for normal widgets. You can set
a 'class' configuration using the options database.
The following is a sample of an overridden Entry widget which has an
alternative background element that may be set to a given colour. Note
that the colour is part of the style - not part of the widget data so
all Plain.Entry widgets with use the same background colours.
proc PlainEntryInit {} {
catch {
# Import the 'default' theme field element.
ttk::style element create plain.field from default
}
# Create a new style using the imported element.
ttk::style layout Plain.Entry {
Plain.Entry.plain.field -sticky nswe -border 1 -children {
Plain.Entry.padding -sticky nswe -children {
Plain.Entry.textarea -sticky nswe
}
}
}
# Configure the colour and padding for our new style.
ttk::style configure Plain.Entry {*}[ttk::style configure TEntry]
\
-fieldbackground LightSteelBlue -cursor hand2
ttk::style map Plain.Entry {*}[ttk::style map TEntry] \
-fieldbackground {!focus SteelBlue}
# Re-do if the user changes theme.
if {[lsearch -exact [bind . <<ThemeChanged>>] PlainEntryInit] ==
-1} {
bind . <<ThemeChanged>> +PlainEntryInit
}
}
MG Thanks very much. :) I'm not entirely sure quite how it works (but
it does, which is the main thing to start with;), but I'm slowly
figuring at least some of it out. Thanks :) The binding on . for
<<ThemeChanged>> is a good one to remember, too; most of the stuff
I've set up myself in Ttk will probably break across themes without
something similar. Thanks again :)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How can I write a web app using the Tcl plugin and get it to source in
code and package require other code?
crv (5-12-2008) I have been using Tcl for a couple of years and am now
using the Tcl plugin for some interesting projects -- but there are
limitations! I have overcome many of them but would like to source
some code and include some packages on the fly. I primarily use the
home policy and the user will not have Tcl packages installed to their
machine. Is there a way to do this? I am a mechanical engineer by
trade so am not as programming literate as many of you -- so keep it
simple if possible. Thanks in advance. (NOTE: Tcl sure is a handy
tool!)
GWM try to understand Starkit and Starpack - once your script is
packed into a starpack a single executable file will include the tcl
script (or script files), wish interpreter and any packages that you
specify. A starkit requires a separate wish interpreter Tclkit.
crv (5-14-2008) I didn't know that Starkits/packs worked as a tclet
(within the Tcl plugin). Where can I find info on how that works?
[Duoas] Just download the latest Starkit for your platform, then
download SDX. Use SDX to wrap a single tcl file (with qwrap) and then
unwrap it and you'll have a structure to begin with. You can unwrap
SDX itself to find internal Wikikit documentation.
peterc 2008-06-10: Duoas and GWM, are you sure you're talking about
the same thing as [crv]? He seems to be asking about the Tclets
through the Tcl Plugin [9]. The plugin is the Tcl interpreter in this
situation.
I don't believe the default policy will allow you have your Tcl script
source another one, but, this might be doable by changing the settings
on the end-user side. Of course any end-users who would actually do
that, on any site but their own, probably need their desktop PC
reimaged daily ;-).
Another approach would be to develop your app as multiple files and
then use Another Tcl module maker to turn that into a Tcl module. Then
change the extension from .tm to .tcl.
FWIW, the current Tcl Plugin has some deal-breaker issues at the
moment. Its TkTable package kills browsers on Windows and there's no
Mac version. At the least, it needs to have those issues fixed, add
Tile support (as part of its upgrade to Tcl 8.5) and preferably be
installable into browsers in a similar way to other common plugins
like Flash, Shockwave, etc. It's in desperate need of updating. I
gather Jeff Hobbs is working on it though.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SOAP and packages
pcam I wanted to play with SOAP, but did not get very far because of
what I suspect is incompatible package versions. Please help.
% package require SOAP
attempt to provide package SOAP::Utils 1.0 failed: package
SOAP::Utils 1.0.1 provided instead
I then corrected utils.tcl and changed the sub package utils version
to 1.0 to load it and avoid the error message
% package require SOAP
1.6.7.1
When trying the examples from http://tclsoap.sourceforge.net/ I get
the following error:
% SOAP::create c2f -uri http://www.soaplite.com/Temperatures \
-proxy http://services.soaplite.com/temper.cgi \
-params { "temp" "float" }
::c2f
::c2f
% c2f -40.0
invalid command name "newDocument"
I traced the error to the call ::SOAP::soap_request in soap.tcl
(tclsoap 1.6.7.1) to that line
set doc [dom::DOMImplementation create]
I then tried to load the dom package which does not seem to be
available on my system.
I have installed tdom 0.8.3 and TclXML 3.1 using teacup
LV Here's what I just did:
$ /vol/tclsrcsol/ActiveTcl/bin/tclsh8.5
% package require SOAP
1.6.7.1
% SOAP::create c2f -uri http://www.soaplite.com/Temperatures \
-proxy http://services.soaplite.com/temper.cgi \
-params { "temp" "float" }
::c2f
% ::c2f -40.0
-40
So, I don't see the problem you are seeing. However, I typically run a
teacup update on my system on a regular basis, so I have the latest
versions of things installed. teacup tells me I have tclxml Version :
0.0.0.2007.11.22.23.08.18 .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ActionScript Interpreter for TCL
Hello together, my aim is to write an interpreter for TCL in
ActionScript, so that you can manipulate large ActionScript programs
with TCL. I read that TCl has no reasonable grammar because everything
is a command. But I think every interpreter has a scanner/lexer and a
parser which is based on the grammar of the language that should be
interpreted. Furthermore TCLs syntax has some keywords that should be
accounted for. Moreover I found an interpreter for TCL in Java, called
JACL whose source code looks like a grammar-based interpreter. It is a
little bit confusing to me but I think that there is a little gap in
my thoughts. So I hope that someone can shed light on the dark.
Thanks in advance! Stephan
Lars H: Well, one reason interpreters are traditionally divided in
separate scanner and parser stages is that context-free grammars (as
used in the parser stage) are really lousy at handling the type of
rules (e.g. a longest sequence of alphanumeric characters is a token)
that are used in the scanner stage; the proponents of parsing
expression grammars (see grammar::peg) seldom miss a chance to point
out that they can do it in one stage. As it happens, the standard
interpreter for Tcl has separate scanner and parser stages, but this
is probably not necessary; I think Tcl is one of the few languages for
which it would actually be feasible to give a character-level context-
free grammar. But this is probably a more theoretical answer than you
wanted.
Technically, all the language syntax of Tcl is what you find in the
dodekalogue. There are no keywords in the language (unless you count
delimiter characters, escapes, and so on as keywords), just commands,
even though there are plenty of commands (e.g. for, if, while, proc)
which do things for which other languages reserve keywords. Analysing
a Tcl script is therefore complicated — parsing gives a shallow
analysis, but some commands have arguments that are themselves
scripts, and you need to recognise these commands and reparse their
arguments as scripts in order to determine the complete script
structure. The good news is that evaluating a Tcl script is much
easier — you only need to parse the "then" branch of an if as a script
after you've evaluated the condition and found it to be true.
If you just want to have a small Tcl interpreter, then Picol might be
a good place to start. This wiki also has Tcl in Javascript, and other
reimplementations can be found in the Tcl implementations page.
Update:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enter/Return for Navigation
AK I'm trying to figure out how I could bind the Return key to act as
the Tab key for navigation purposes. Any suggestions would be
appretiated!
MG Something like
bind all <Return> [bind all <Tab>]
will copy the binding, but several widgets have existing bindings for
<Return> that will take precedence. If you want yours to override
that, you'll need to bind each widget, or set up a new bindtag and
apply it to others:
bind ReturnToTab <Return> "[bind all <Tab>] ; break"
text .t
bindtags .t [linsert [bindtags .t] 0 ReturnToTab]
----http://nonimo.com/
Tcl::Tk Examples Page
Xyem 2008-09-16 13:41 UTC - I'd like to document my findings/provide
examples when/for using the Tcl and Tcl::Tk modules for Perl ( there
are work-arounds required for various things ). Should I add them to
the Tcl::Tk page or create a separate page and link to it from there?
Lars H: Either way could be appropriate; it depends on how voluminous
the material you've got is (e.g., will it fit stylistically with the
rest of the Tcl::Tk page?). You can try it one way for now, and later
move the material if it starts looking wrong.
Xyem 2008-10-06 08:27 UTC - I'll add it to the Tcl::Tk page for now.
Just about to make my first contribution :) And next time, I'll read
the instructions ( should have put this question at the top! )
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