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Pakistan News Service (Vol:7 Issue: #DWS01) Tuesday Feb 7th 1995

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Syed M. Irfan Ashraf

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Feb 7, 1995, 3:59:28 AM2/7/95

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In the name of ALLAH, the Beneficent, the Merciful

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P A K I S T A N N E W S S E R V I C E

Vol: 7 No:DWS-01 6th Ramazan-al-Mubarak 1415 Hijri Tue Feb 7th 1995
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Editor : Syed Mohammad Irfan Ashraf PAKI...@ASUACAD.BITnet
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Contents:
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- DAWN WIRE SERVICE (Mon 1/27- Sun 2/5) DWS
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D A W N W I R E S E R V I C E
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Week Ending : 05 February 1995 Issue : 01/04
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The DAWN Wire Service (DWS) is a free weekly news-service from
Pakistan's largest English language newspaper, the daily DAWN. DWS
offers news, analysis and features of particular interest to the
Pakistani Community on the Internet.

Extracts from DWS can be used provided that this entire header is
included at the beginning of each extract.

We encourage comments & suggestions. We can be reached at:

e-mail dws%da...@sdnpk.undp.org
fax +92 (21) 568-3188 & 568-3801
mail Pakistan Herald Publications (Pvt.) Limited
DAWN Group of Newspapers
Haroon House, Karachi 74400, Pakistan

TO START RECEIVING DWS FREE EVERY WEEK, JUST SEND US YOUR E-MAIL
ADDRESS!

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.header ends.

===================================================================
C O N T E N T S
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N A T I O N A L N E W S
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Pakistan at the UN
..........UNCHR session: Pakistan poised to focus on Indian atrocities
..........Pakistan terms Indian charge ridiculous
..........SC expansion opposed - Pakistan wants a balanced UN body
..........Pakistan pleads for imposing sanctions: UN dues
Nawaz
..........13 cases against Nawaz, family
..........SC suspends LHC judge's order in Ittefaq case
..........Abbas Sharif, nephew surrender to FIA
Shujaat
..........Shujaat sent on remand till 16th
..........Shujaat arrested on new charges
..........Shujaat gets bail against Rs 120m
Drug Haul
..........Hashish haul: 9 detainees released
..........Bara operation 'unlawful' Ulema demand return of hashish
..........Govt-Jirga accord on release of detainees
..........Charas haul: all detenus to be freed
..........Anti- Narcotics Force Re-organised
MQM and Karachi
..........Some issues deferred at Govt, MQM talks
..........Govt-MQM negotiations resume today
..........12 die in new spate of city violence
..........Six more killed in City violence
Missile capability: India can hit most cities in region
LHC upholds woman's right to divorce
PML Forward Bloc
..........Khokar forms forward bloc 'to save democracy'
..........There is no forward bloc in PML says Nawaz
US report alleges extra judicial killings in Pakistan
Indian Muslims say 'no' to extremists
Imran
...........Petitioner not allowed to check accounts
Madressahs & Sectarianism
...........Islamabad plans to regulate madressahs' functioning
...........PDF decides to curb sectarianism by all means
Privatisation Scam
...........PVC chief held, flown to Islamabad
...........Riaz Shafi remanded to police custody
...........Gen Saeed Qadir arrested, "involved in irregularities"
The Parliament
...........Opposition rejects offer Govt agrees to withdraw cases
...........NA adjourned as deadlock persists
...........Nawaz calls for NA body for accountability
Kashmir
...........PM says plebiscite only basis for talks with India
...........Govt gives strike call for 5th
Power Projects
...........World Bank supports power projects
...........11 more power plants to be launched
...........Flow of US investment to continue
Railways
...........Oil transportation - Railway seeks Rs 10. 5 bn investment
...........Revival of bullet train plan likely
NIRC convenes meeting to discuss issues
N-plan
...........N-issue was not high on Perry's agenda: FO
...........US still working to cap N-plan
...........N-issue: 'non-weaponised deterrence' proposed
Opposition lashes out on Gwadar issue

Briefly:
...........Taliban can help restore peace: UN
...........LHC refers Khalid Latif's writ to CJ
...........Haider leaves for US tomorrow
...........City coast turning poisonous
...........Family planning: agreement signed
...........4m villagers to get rights over land
...........Subsidy on potash fertiliser to end
...........Women's plight: SC seeks NGOs help
...........Nawaz's secretary arrested
...........PML factions discuss unification
HRCP report 1994 adult franchise for tribesmen demanded

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B U S I N E S S & E C O N O M I C S
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Suzuki looking for Pakistani partners
Investors play safe
Market receives PTC profit news with enthusiasm
Stock exchanges crash worries expatriates in ME
President advises against OGDC privatisation
BCCI compensation scheme Depositors may get payment from July
Banks, DFIs fail to enforce decrees

-----------------------------------------
E D I T O R I A L S & F E A T U R E S
-----------------------------------------

Creating heroes and martyrs by Tahir Mirza
Khyber drug haul From the Editorial columns
Power politics is the name of the game by M. Ziauddin
A fresh controversy From the Editorial columns
Academics abandoned By I.A. Rahman
A place of learning? By Ardeshir Cowasjee
Washington's belated wisdom From the Editorial columns
Let's not spoil Imran Khan By I.A. Rahman
From the Magazines:
...........Namaz in a US Chapel
...........The art of the subcontinent preserved in London Company Art

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S P O R T S
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Zimbabwe ready to seize chance of Test upset
Pakistan beaten by innings in Harare Test
Decisions make all the difference

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N A T I O N A L N E W S
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950131-01
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UNCHR session begins: Pakistan poised to focus on Indian atrocities
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From Anjum Niaz

ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: As the 51st session of the UN Commission on Human
Rights opened in Geneva on Monday, Pakistan's stratagem during the
coming 40 days is being kept a closely guarded secret. However, a new
diplomatic manoeuvre will be the presence of Pakistan's two former
foreign ministers, Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada and Abdul Sattar, and the
presentation of the latest Amnesty International report on Indian
repression in the occupied Kashmir.

Kashmir issue will once again be internationalised at the UNCHR, when
the latest reports of the Amnesty International and the International
Court of Justice are put before the commission for adoption. The Indians
are expected to squirm at the January 1995 Amnesty International report
which has censured New Delhi in the strongest of terms against its
massive human rights repression in Jammu and Kashmir and has called on
members of the UNCHR to urge the Indian authorities to hold impartial
and independent investigations into all allegations of human rights
violations in J&K.

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950204-01
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UNHCR Session: Pakistan terms Indian charge ridiculous
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ISLAMABAD, Feb. 3: Giving a statement at the 51st session of the
Commission on Human Rights in Geneva on Thursday, Pakistan Ambassador
Ahmad Kamal once again strongly rebutted India's legation that it was
abetting terrorism across its border.

Refuting India's claim made by I.K. Gujral, a member of the Indian
delegation, Mr. Kamal said that Kashmir was an integral part of his
country and that the Jammu and Kashmir was not part of India, integral
or otherwise, except by forcible occupation.

The statement said: "The UN Security Council resolutions, the United
Nations map-the official documents of the United Nations, all indicate
that Jammu and Kashmir is a disputed territory. Kashmir is on the agenda
of the Security Council."

The Secretary-General's report to the General Assembly declares Jammu
and Kashmir as a question that has to be resolved between India and
Pakistan. How then can Kashmir be an integral part of India. Why did the
Indian constitution itself in its Article 370, confer special status to
the Indian Held Kashmir thus recognising that it was not an integral
part of India.

The Simla Agreement itself, so oft quoted by India, talks about "the
final settlement of Jammu and Kashmir issue. If Kashmir is an integral
part of India, how has the Indian Foreign Secretary in his recent talks
in Pakistan agreed to discuss all aspects of the Jammu and Kashmir
issue." So much for Kashmir being an integral part of India.

The Indian delegate has also implied that it is Pakistan which seeks
territorial aggrandisement. A funny remark indeed, coming as it does
from the representative of a government that in its 47 years of
existence has successfully swallowed Junagadh, Hyderabad, Goa and Sikkim
and which has been in illegal occupation of Jammu and Kashmir during
this entire period.

Indian delegation has implicitly accused Pakistan of terrorism. Let me
say it loud and clear, Pakistan condemns, in strongest possible terms,
all sorts of terrorism, in all its forms and manifestations. Pakistan
does not, and has no intention whatsoever, of interfering in the
internal affairs of any country.

India's allegations that Pakistan is abetting terrorism across its
border is ridiculous. Ever since May 1990, Pakistan, in the face of
baseless Indian allegation of Pakistani interference in the Indian
occupied Kashmir, in good faith, proposed the establishment of a neutral
mechanism to monitor the Line of Control in Kashmir. India summarily
rejected this proposal.

On March 21, 1993, and even in January 1994, during the Foreign
Secretary level talks between the two countries, we reiterated our
proposal for neutral international observers. We were and are willing to
allow, indeed facilitate, visits of foreign journalists,
parliamentarians and humanitarian organisations to the areas along the
border and the Line of Control to see for themselves the situation on
the ground.

India continues to refuse to accept these fair proposals only to retain
its option to vilify Pakistan.

The delegate of India has also tried to deflect the attention of the
Commission from the massive and grave human rights violations taking
place in Indian occupied Kashmir by referring to the situation in Azad
or liberated Kashmir.

On the question of self-determination for the Kashmiri people, let me
state clearly and categorically that once India agrees to hold a
plebiscite under the auspices of the United Nations, in all parts of
Kashmir whether Azad Kashmir Or Indian occupied Kashmir irrespective of
religious, linguistic or ethnic affiliations of the people. There is not
point in India's endlessly repeating the same baseless allegations.

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950201
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SC expansion opposed: Pakistan wants a balanced UN body
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From Masood Haider

UNITED NATIONS, Jan 31: Pakistanis acting permanent representative to
the United Nations Sher Afgan Khan, has said that his country was
opposed to any expansion of the United Nations Security Council "which
would create new centres of privilege." as stated in the Non-Aligned
Movements' Jakarta Declaration of 1994.

He was reacting to the statements made by certain aspirants to the
permanent membership of the Security Councils at the high-level open-
ended group of United Nations General Assembly, which met here to
consider the question of equitable representation on and increase in the
membership of Security Council

The Non-Aligned Movement group in the deliberations has yet to reach a
consensus on the expansion of the UN Security Council as certain
aspirants to the permanent seat, like India, are unacceptable to some of
its neighbours including Pakistan.

Pakistan maintains that India, which has still not complied with the UN
Security Council's resolutions on the Kashmir dispute and continues to
defy it, should never be considered for the permanent seat.

There are fifteen members in the UN Security Council of which five
China, United States, Russia, United Kingdom, and France are permanent.

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950202
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Non-payment of UN dues: Pakistan pleads for imposing sanctions
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From Masood Haider

UNITED NATIONS, Feb. 1: At a meeting of the UN General Assembly's
working group held here on Monday, to discuss the financial situation of
the world body, Pakistanis acting ambassador, Sher Afgan Khan, said that
member states should agree on a deadline for clearance of arrears and if
they default, "the idea of sanctions and incentives merits consideration
provided there is consensus among member-states "

He clarified that while discussing the arrears and non-payment of dues
it was necessary to draw distinction in the treatment of those who can
afford to pay and those who are simply unable to meet their financial
obligations in time.

The United Nations is owed more than 3.7 billion dollars in unpaid
contribution with less than half the United Nations membership having
paid their regular budget contributions in full, the biggest defaulter
being the Russian Federation which owes more than half a billion
dollars, followed by the United States which owes almost a quarter
billion dollars. Pakistan and China were among the member-states who
have paid their dues in full to date.

On the question of peacekeeping operations to which Pakistan is the
largest contributor of troops, Mr Afgan pointed out that the default in
payment of peacekeeping dues was making the troop-contributing nations
suffer. He stressed that it was of fundamental importance that "our
political commitment to the United Nations should be matched by timely
and full payment of our financial obligations".

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950131
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13 cases against Nawaz, family
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From Ihtashamul Haque

ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: The federal government has finalised 13 new cases
against opposition leader Nawaz Sharif and his other family members for
allegedly receiving billions of rupees from the nationalised banks
Without following the required procedure. He said the concerned agencies
have finalised their reports for initiating new cases against the
opposition leader.

The former General of the army pointed out that new laws were being
framed to stop the acquisition of unlawful loans from the commercial
banks. In this regard he referred to the new legislation to be moved
shortly in the Parliament which called for stern action against the
violators of banking laws.

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950203
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SC suspends LHC judge's order in Ittefaq case
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Bureau Report

LAHORE, Feb. 2: Justice Saad Saud Jan of the Supreme Court has suspended
the order of the Lahore High Court Company Judge, Justice Munir A.
Sheikh, directing the Corporate Law Authority (CLA) to investigate the
affairs of 12 Ittefaq Group companies.

The Order was made on Oct. 6 last, and the CLA subsequently appointed
chartered accountants to conduct the investigation and submit their
reports within a month as directed by the court.

The investigations will remain suspended till further orders of the
Supreme Court. The firm of chartered accountants inquiring into the
affairs one of the companies has, however, already submitted its report
to the Corporate Law Authority, which would be produced before the
company judge for further proceedings .

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950130
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Abbas Sharif, nephew surrender to FIA
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Bureau Report

LAHORE, Jan 29: Opposition leader Nawaz Sharif's Brother Abbas Sharif
MNA, nephew Hamza Shahbaz surrendered before the FIA here On Sunday.

They went to the CIA office on Temple Road at the head of a procession
from the Muslim League House. A large number of women were also part of
the procession.

Abbas Sharif and Hamza Shahbaz are wanted in two cases registered by the
Islamabad FIA on November 10 and 12 last year. The allegation is that as
directors of the Hudaibia Engineering and Hudaibia Paper Mills, they
acquired loans worth tens of millions of rupees through fraudulent means
against foreign currency accounts in two foreign banks. These accounts
did not belong to the loanees. The accused had been underground since
December 28.

Mian Abbas Sharif and Hamza Shahbaz reached the Muslim League House
where a workers' meeting was going on. The crowd raised slogans in
favour of Mian Nawaz Sharif and against the government as they came out
of their vehicles. Many workers garlanded them and showered flower
petals on them.

After a few minutes in the Muslim League House, the two proceeded to the
FIA office on the Temple Road, with workers forming a long procession.
Police had made tight security arrangements to prevent any untoward
incident.

Both Abbas Sharif and Hamza Shahbaz were later flown to Islamabad where
a case has been registered against them.

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950205
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Shujaat sent on remand till 16th
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Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 4: A PML leader and former interior minister, senator
Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, who was re-arrested by FIA on Feb. 1 in a new
case immediately after his release on bail by the Supreme Court, was
presented here on Saturday before the sub- divisional magistrate, after
the expiry of his three-day physical remand.

The sub-divisional magistrate ordered the senator to be sent to Adiyala
Jail, Rawalpindi, on judicial remand till Feb. 16

Talking to newsmen outside the court room Chaudhry Shujaat said that if
the government was serious in accountability of politicians, the
interior minister Nasirullah Babar should present in the House or in the
Press conference the list of those politicians who had got written off
their loans.

Senator said from this list of written off loans the people may be able
to know the members of the ruling party who got their loans written off.
He emphasised that the names of Mian Nawaz Sharif and Chaudhry Shujaat
family were not included in this list.

"The interior minister should also tell the nation how the information
minister Khalid Ahmad Kharal got millions of rupees loans for his Accord
Textile Mills and how the commerce minister Ahmad Mukhtar got billions
of rupees loans for his industries", Shujaat said.

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950202
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Shujaat arrested on new charges
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Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 1: PML Senator Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain was re-arrested
on Wednesday by Federal Investigating Agency ( FIA ) immediately after
his release from Adiyala Jail following the grant of bail from the
Supreme Court. The new case, registered by FIA on a written complaint of
Federal Minister for Commerce Chaudhry Ahmed Mukhtar on January 30,
1995, pertained to alleged fraudulent transfer of an agriculture loan
amounting to Rs 13.975 million to Phalia Sugar Mills owned by the
Chaudhry family.

"The loan in question has already been paid with interest to the bank
concerned," Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain said in a statement.

The Supreme Court had granted bail to Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain on
Tuesday on two sureties of Rs 120 million each, the highest ever in the
judicial history of the country. The two sureties bonds worth Rs 240
million were deposited with the Banking Court in Lahore on Wednesday and
the court issued release order.

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950201
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Shujaat gets bail against Rs 120m
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Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 31: A division bench of the Supreme Court by a majority
vote on Tuesday granted bail to Senator Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain in
Phalia Sugar Mills case.

"For reasons to be recorded later, we by majority of two to one, convert
the (bail) petition into appeal and grant bail to the
petitioner/appellant in the sum of Rs 120 million with two sureties in
the like amount to the satisfaction of the trial court," the short
court order said.

Chaudhry Shujaat was arrested by the government for allegedly misusing
the soft-term loan taken from the Investment Corporation of Pakistan for
his Phalia Sugar Mills and using it for repayment of loans taken from
the collapsed National Industrial Co-operative Finance Corporation
(NICFC).

The Lahore High Court (Rawalpindi bench) had rejected the bail
application of the opposition Senator after a similar refusal by the
trial court i.e. the Banking Tribunal.

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950202
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Hashish haul: 9 detainees released
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From Our Correspondent

PESHAWAR, Feb. 1: The political authorities of the Khyber Agency today
released nine of the tribesmen arrested during last Saturday's
crackdown on hashish manufacturing factories at Illamgudor, two
kilometres from Bara. Their release followed the assurance given to a
jirga during its meeting with the political agent on Tuesday to seek the
release of all those arrested and the return of appliances and
implements seized during the operation. All the nine released today
are locals, and the Punjabis who had also been rounded up during the
raid are still the custody of Frontier Constabulary, an administration
source told Dawn over telephone.

Maulana Abdul Hadi, chief of the Tanzim Ittehad-i-Ulema, told Dawn on
telephone that the jirga would again call on the political agent on
Thursday to secure the release of the remaining people, especially the
Punjabis, and the return of the apparatus and appliances

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950230
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Bara operation 'unlawful' Ulema demand return of hashish
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From Intikhab Amir

BARA (Khyber Agency) Jan 29: Tension prevailed in the entire Bara sub-
division on Sunday as the Frontier Corps established pickets at
various points to meet any eventuality and Tanzim lttehad-i-Ulema Bara
held a tribal rally at the Old Bara market to condemn what they termed
the political administration's indiscriminate firing on a peaceful and
unarmed" procession of tribesmen on Saturday. The rally also demanded
the release of their people and return of the impounded charas
(hashish).

Speaking at the rally, Maulana Abdul Hadi took exception to what he
called the administration's illegal action against the charas (hashish)
factories at Illamgudar. Under the laws governing the tribal areas,
production of hashish is not an unlawful act, as is the case with
heroin, a Tanzim elder told Dawn.

Maulana Abdul Wadood, Amir of Jamaat-i-lslami, Khyber agency, said that
Tanzim had never supported hashish manufacturers but its position of
principle is that the government should have issued notices to the
owners of the hashish factories before launching the operation .

Maulana Hadi , talking to Dawn, said he believed that the government's
move was in an anticipation of the Prime Minister's coming visit to the
US. A couple of American officials were also present during the
demolition operation, he claimed.

He pointed out that the charas factories had been functioning openly for
the last 40 years and the charas trade was a traditional means of
earning of the people of the area.

The Tanzim chief also condemned the arrest of 11 "innocent" Punjabis,
maintaining that "they have been arrested just to show efficiency,
otherwise they have nothing to do with the whole matter as they are paid
workers of a nearby power looms factory."

He also alleged that actually the high-quality hashish had been removed
from the scene before the operation and that the quantity seized from
the spot was only an eyewash and enacted for the two Americans the
Peshawar-based diplomat Richard Smyth and an official of the US Drug
Enforcement Agency.

The locals also alleged that the number of Punjabis hauled up in the
operation was 11 and not nine as given out by the authorities. All of
them were paid workers of a local powerlooms factory, the Silver Star
Loom Factory.

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950201
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Govt-Jirga accord on release of detainees
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From Intikhab Amir

PESHAWAR, Jan 31: After long deliberations between the political
authorities of the Khyber Agency and a representative jirga on Tuesday
the administration agreed to release those arrested during a crackdown
on Saturday on the charas-manufacturing factories at Illamgudar two
kilometres from the main Bara Bazar. The implements and appliances
seized will also be returned.

The jirga withdrew its demand for the return of a huge quantity of
impounded charas (hashish), as it had already been burnt by the
authorities.

Talking to Dawn, Maulana Abdul Hadi, chief of the Tanzim-i-Ittehadi-
Ulema Bara, said the jirga had made it clear to the authorities that
manufacturing of charas would continue in tribal areas as it was "a
traditional and lawful means of earning" for the people living there.

It termed the government action on Saturday open interference in the
"internal affairs" of tribal areas and demanded immediate release of
their detained people, including the Punjabis, as well as the return of
transformers, airconditioners and other appliances seized from the
scene.

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950203
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Charas haul: all detenus to be freed
--------------------------------------------------------------------

From A Correspondent

PESHAWAR, Feb. 2: A representative jirga of the elders and Maliks of
the Khyber Agency called on the political authorities of the agency
again On Thursday to seek the release of the detained Punjabis and
return of the apparatus and implements seized during a crackdown on
hashish manufacturing factories, a week back at Illamgudar near Bara.

Eminent among the jirga members were the MNA of the Agency Mohammed
Shah besides Guli Shah Malik, Malik Waris Khan Afridi and Malik
Mohammed Akbar.

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Anti-narcotics Force re-organised
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: The government reaffirmed its resolve on Monday to
combat the menace of drug trafficking in the country, and decided to
merge the Pakistan Narcotics Control Board (PNCB) and the Anti-Narcotics
Task Force (ANTF) into one organisation to achieve the desired result.

The PNCB had come under criticism in the recent past for its failure to
check drug trafficking. It was because of this that the government had
to set up the ANTF with a serving army general as its head.

Since its inception, the ANTF has achieved "tremendous successes" and
hauled huge quantities of heroin, particularly from the remote areas of
Balochistan, believed to be new routes for the traffickers. The credit
for Saturday's heroin and hashish haul in Khyber agency, one of the
biggest ever in country's history, also goes to the ANTF.

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950205
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Some issues deferred at Govt, MQM talks
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Our Staff Reporter

KARACHI, Feb. 4: The Mohajir Qaumi Movement negotiating team on Saturday
held talks in two session with Sindh government at the Chief Minister's
House, and urged prompt action on what had been agreed during the
previous meetings.

According to the sources, both the teams went through the same thorny
issues, a carry-over of the previous meetings and had a serious debate
on them, but could not hammer out any solution.

According to a joint communiqui, the issues which could not be discussed
at the meeting have been deferred for four days, to be taken upon again
for the solution. After the four-day rest another round of talk would
be held, for which a date would announced later.

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950204
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Govt-MQM negotiations resume
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Our Staff Reporter

KARACHI, Feb. 3: A four-member Mohajir Qaumi Movement (MQM) delegation
will meet the Sindh Chief Minister at Iftar on Saturday despite the
latter's inability to fulfil any of the party demands made in the
January 23rd meeting.

Sindh Chief Minister Syed Abdullah Shah during a crucial meeting on
January 23 had agreed to withdraw the notification announcing head money
for the arrest of central MQM party leaders and to discontinue the trial
of MQM workers and leaders inside the jails.

He had also agreed to implement the party's 10-yoint charter of demands
before the February 4 meeting

On Wednesday last, the Sind High Court admitted a constitutional
petition filed by the mothers of two central MQM leaders, Imran Farooq
and Saleem Shahzad, challenging the notificatication announcing head-
money for the arrest of party leaders.

The other main MQM demands are that it be allowed to function like
other political parties, cases registered against party leaders a
workers be reviewed, and the properties seized since June 19, in
operation clean-up be returned.

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950205
--------------------------------------------------------------------
12 die in new spate of city violence
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Our Staff Reporter

KARACHI, Feb. 4: At least 12 people were killed and 11 injured in a
fresh upsurge of sectarian violence in the city on Saturday.

Heavy contingents of rangers were rushed to District Central after
incidents of drive-by shootings in which eight members of Tehrik-i-
Jaffaria Pakistan (TJP) were killed and six others wounded.

Till the filing of this report tension prevailed in several parts of

Tehrik-i-Jaffaria Pakistan blamed Sipah-i-Sahaba Pakistan for carrying
out the attacks.

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950130
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Six more killed in City violence
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Our Staff Reporter
KARACHI, Jan 29: At least six people were killed and eight others
wounded in city violence on Sunday.

Ranger clamped an unofficial curfew on parts of Orangi Town and Jutland
Lines, arrested over 60 people, and seized a small quantity of arms.

Till the filing of this report, the provincial government was trying to
secure the release of at least 19 activists kidnapped by rival groups of
MQM on Saturday. In the morning, Farooq, 18, an activist of MQM, was
kidnapped and killed by-some unidentified men. The MQM blamed the rival
Haqiqi faction for the slaying.

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950130
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Missile capability: India can hit most cities in region
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Muhammad Ali Siddiqi

WASHINGTON, Jan 29: India's smallest nuclear capable missile now
threatens Pakistan, its medium-range missile (Agni) will be able to hit
China's border regions, and if New Delhi chooses to convert its space
rockets to missiles, it "could reach cities as far away as London, Tokyo
and New York," according to a scientific study released here.

Prepared by the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, the study,
called "Risk Report, makes startling disclosures about the extent of
Western help to India in its ambitious rocket and missile programmes and
points to the hazards inherent in the continued indirect help to India
by European and American firms unaware of New Delhi's true intentions.

Even though India was never seen as a "rogue country" by Western
nations, the report says New Delhi has "consistently used foreign help
to convert its space rockets to nuclear-capable missiles," and adds. '
Imports --- some clandestine, some overt --- have nourished India's
nuclear and rocket efforts from the start."

The report gives details about Indian firms engaged in producing rocket
components, and warns Western companies that dealing with these firms in
electronic goods and precision instruments risks diversion into military
channels.

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950130
--------------------------------------------------------------------
LHC upholds woman's right to divorce
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

LAHORE, Jan 29: A wife can divorce herself by pronouncing Talaq and
fulfilling the requirements of the provisions of the Family Laws
Ordinance if she has been delegated the power or right to divorce by her
husband.

The authority of the delegatee is as absolute as that of the husband.
However, if a precondition is stipulated for the exercise of the
delegated power in the relevant column (No. 18) of the Nikahnama, it has
to be fulfilled, according to a judgement delivered by Justice
Fakharunnisa Khokhar of the Lahore High Court on Sunday.

In a maiden interpretation of Section 8 of the Muslim Family Laws
Ordinance, Justice Fakharunnisa observed that the delegation of power to
divorcee is irrevocable, though under provisions of the preceding
Section 7 there can be reconciliation or the wife may revoke the
pronouncement of talaq.

Insofar as the personal law of divorce is concerned, the judge observed
that the Fiqah of the delegatee shall apply. For instance, Sunni law
requires two witnesses at the time of marriage but none at the time of
pronouncement of talaq. On the contrary, Shia law requires two witnesses
for divorce but none for marriage.

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950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Khokar forms forward bloc 'to save democracy'
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 1: Former deputy speaker Haji Nawaz Khokhar on Wednesday
parted ways with Nawaz Sharif and announced the formation of a forward
bloc of the Pakistan Muslim League to challenge the "confrontational
politics of the opposition leader."

Mr Khokhar, who was released by a local court on bail on Wednesday in a
bank loan case said that his forward bloc would oppose any no-confidence
motion which Nawaz Sharif plans to bring against the ruling Pakistan
People's Party.

Khokhar was arrested on Jan 3 in Islamabad on charges of defaulting on a
bank loan of Rs 20 million which he had taken from the United Bank Ltd,
Civic Centre Branch, Islamabad.

He said he was parting ways to save the democratic institutions
threatened by the "confrontational politics ' of Nawaz Sharif.

Khokhar, once a close friend of Mr Sharif and deputy speaker of the
National Assembly during his tenure, said the forward bloc would play
the role of opposition and continue to remain a member of the Pakistan
Muslim League.

His main grouse against the opposition leader was, however, very
personal. " When I was arrested along with my brother, my other three
brothers went into hiding to avoid arrests and my mother fell ill, Mian
Sahib did not come even once to visit my ailing mother or express his
support," he complained.

He said he had expected of Mian Nawaz Sharif that he would visit his
ailing mother during his detention to give her some moral support but Mr
Sharif did not come up to his expectations.

He said Sharif was encircled by the same group of his friends which was
responsible for the downfall of his government. Though Khokhar did not
name the person with whom he had quarrelled but party people said
Chaudhry Nisar and Khokhar stopped short of exchanging fists at the last
party meeting.

Asked whether he was forming the forward bloc on the pressure of the
government or fear of his cases, Khokhar said his group would continue
to play the role of opposition.

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950204
--------------------------------------------------------------------
There is no forward bloc in PML says Nawaz
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

LAHORE, Feb. 3 Opposition leader Nawaz Sharif says there is no forward
bloc in the PML and what Haji Nawaz Khokhar had said a couple of days
ago was just because of the government pressure.

Talking to reporters about the formation of a forward bloc by Haji Nawaz
Khokhar, Nawaz Sharif said the government was apparently trying to force
the opposition members in Parliament to change their loyalties.
Describing Nawaz Khokhar's action as unethical and undemocratic, he said
such tactics were not going to help the Government to consolidate its
autocratic rule.

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950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
US report alleges extrajudicial killings in Pakistan
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Muhammad Ali Siddiqi

WASHINGTON, Feb. 1: A State Department report on human rights on
Wednesday accused both the security forces and the Mohajir Qaumi
Movement of extrajudicial killings and torture and said "the frequency
of extrajudicial killing throughout Pakistan reported in the Press
indicates that this continues to be a serious problem."

The report dwells at length on the security forces' treatment of
prisoners and suspects and said "most of these killings occurred in
rural Sindh Province as part of the Army's law and order programme,
Operation Cleanup"

Extrajudicial killings, the reports, said "often" occurred in the form
of "staged police encounters in which the police or military shoot and
kill the suspects, many of them unarmed."

According to the report, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan
recorded "32 extrajudicial deaths in Sindh between January and May."

The report added: "The incidence of torture and abuse was not restricted
to the security forces. There were reports that different factions of
the MQM tortured and killed members of rival groups."

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Indian Muslims say 'no' to extremists
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Umashanker Phadnis

NEW DELHI, Jan 30: In a significant development among the Indian Muslim
community, liberal opinion has prevailed and Muslims appear to have
rejected the advice of the Islamic orthodoxy that they should boycott
the elections to the state assemblies.

The Islamists have been carrying on an agitation against the fact that
the state elections were being held during month of Ramazan and that the
Indian Election Commission had ignored its demand for a revision of the
dates. The Raza Academy in Bombay, which has been acting as the
political platform of the Islamists, wrote to the election commissioner
T.N. Seshan, pointing out that during this month it would not be
possible for Muslims to go to polls. Mr Sheshan ignored the Academy's
demand. After Mr Seshan's rebuff, the Academy gave a call to all Muslims
to boycott the elections.

Liberals had been urging the Muslims that it would not be prudent for
them to take an agitational approach over the issue. Probably sensing
that it was not carrying any support with the Muslim public the Academy
withdrew its boycott call.

The Academy, it seems, has been prevailed upon to change its approach to
the issue by a concerted campaign by the (BJP) Urdu press that the
boycott would give an advantage to the Bharatiya Janata Party-Shiv Sena
combine. The press campaign also pointed out that, if on the other hand,
the Election Commission had heeded the demand of the Academy, it would
have been interpreted by the BJP-Shiv combine as another instance of the
pandering to the (Muslim) minority.

The editor of Hindustan (a popular Urdu journal) Sarfaraz Arzoo wrote:
"Had the hawks persisted, the Election Commission might have had to take
note of their protest, and that would have only added to the charge of
the appeasement of the minority community."

The well-known scholar and the chairman of the Centre for the Study of
Society and Secularism, Asghar Ali Engineer, said: "We told the Muslim
masses, let us not press points that only consolidate Hindu communalism.
They (the Muslim masses) have realised the curse of extremism and
militancy and, at last, they are talking a lot of sense."

Nevertheless, the Academy is not too pleased about calling of the
agitation. Its secretary, Mr Tai, said that waiting in line for half an
hour on polling day, while fasting, would be a difficult exercise.

To this Mr Arzoo's answer was: "To a true believer this should not
matter because according to the Holy Book, the fiercest battle he the
Prophet's (PBUH) time was fought on the 17th day of Ramazan, the Jang-e-
Badr, which was the turning point in the war."

Prof. Imtiaz Ahmed of Jawaharlal Nehru University, who has been a
prominent voice against the religious orthodoxy said: Post-Ayodhya
events have sensitised Muslims that the effective strategy for them is
to do a social reconstruction of the community to make effective use of
their political power. They see this the key to their protection.

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Shaukat Khanum Hospital: Petitioner not allowed to check accounts
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

LAHORE, Jan 30: A full bench of the Lahore High Court on Monday fixed
Feb. 6 for hearing arguments on the maintainability of the petition
challenging the collection of donations by Imran Khan without sanction.

The court noted the statement the legal adviser to the Shaukat Khanum
Memorial cancer fund, that the amounts received as donations are duly
receipted and recorded. It observed that all future receipts should
mention full particulars of the amount and its donor so that his or her
identity could be ascertained except where the Donor himself desires
anonymity.

The bench, however, turned down a request by Dr Abdul Basit, counsel for
the petitioner, Lawyers Forum for Economic Justice, to have access to
the accounts maintained by the sponsors of the cancer fund.

Advocate Khurram Saeed said the cancer fund and Shaukat Khanum Hospital
accounts were being duly maintained right from the inception of the
project four years back. The accounts were being audited by the
chartered accountants firm of Ferguson & Company.

The court told the counsel that the petition involved two main
questions: first, whether the donations were being collected in
accordance with the law and, second, whether the accounts were being
properly maintained and audited.

Dr Basit reiterated that the petitioner only wanted to ensure that the
money collected from the gullible and credulous people by exploitation
of charisma is really spent for the purpose it is being sought for.

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950130
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Islamabad plans to regulate madressahs' functioning
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Ihtasham ul Haque

lSLAMABAD, Jan 29: The Federal government has decided to convene a
meeting of the religious parties during the month of Ramazan to register
the religious schools in the country.

The Minister for Interior also listed the priorities of the government
in dealing with the sectarian issue and said that they would urge the
religious leaders to register their schools, to audit their funds and to
agree on a reformed and unified syllabus so that there could be
religious harmony among the sects. He claimed that he had received
positive responses from a number of religious parties.

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950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PDF decides to curb sectarianism by all means
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 31: A meeting of the Pakistan Democratic Front (PDF)
today reviewed the law and order situation and decided to curb the
growing menace of sectarianism through use of force.

The sources said the meeting was informed that the federal government
would invite a number of religious leaders during the second week of
Ramazan to find a solution to the growing problem of sectarianism that
has so far claimed more than 1,900 lives throughout the country.

The Prime Minister told the chief ministers to give top priority to
curbing sectarianism and tackling the problem both by using force and
taking the religious leaders into confidence.

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950201
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PVC chief held, flown to Islamabad
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Ghulam Hasnain

KARACHI, Jan 31: Mian Riaz Shafi, a 70-year-old city industrialist, was
picked up from his bed by the Federal Investigation Agency early Tuesday
morning and was later flown to Islamabad to face charges of alleged
irregularities in the privatisation of Pakistan PVC.

The managing director of Pakistan PVC owned the company before its
nationalisation in 1972. Twenty years later, he bought it back from the
Privatisation Commission of former prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, by
matching the highest bid.

His arrest came a day after the arrest of former chief of the
Privatisation Commission, retired Lt Gen Saeed Qadir, against whom cases
have been registered for irregularities in the sale of nationalised
units.

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950205
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Riaz Shafi remanded to police custody
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Fed 4: A local magistrate on Saturday remanded industrialist
Riaz Shafi, accused of committing fraud in the purchase of state-run
Pakistan PVC Ltd Gharo, to police custody for three days.

The 63-year old industrialist was arrested on Jan 31 from his residence
in Karachi for colluding with the Privatisation Commission officials in
committing the fraud

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950201
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Lt. Gen. Saeed Qadir arrested, "involved in irregularities"
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 31: Opposition Senator Saeed Qadir and former chairman of
the Privatisation Commission, allegedly caused a loss of Rs 36.15
million to the government, in a single deal of privatisation of M/S Pak
PVC (Ltd.), Gahro,Interior Minister Maj.- Gen (rtd) Naseerullah Babar
said here on Tuesday.

Addressing a Press conference Mr Babar said Saeed Qadir was arrested by
the Federal Investigation Agency on Monday from Lahore, for colluding
with Mian Mohammad Arif, a former member of the Privatisation
Commissions to extend financial benefits to Mr Riaz Shafi, buyer of the
privatised unit.

FIA had also arrested Riaz Shafi from Karachi. He said Mian Mohammad
Arif had not been arrested for being a heart patient and had already
been booked in several other cases. The inquiry in the case was
conducted by FlA on receiving a complaint by Secretary Privatisation
Commission Jameel Bhutto.

The minister said the approved procedures were bypassed while selling
Pak. PVC Limited, Gharo. The unit was offered for sale and closed bids
were received on Oct. 17,1991 without carrying out evaluation of the
unit.

Qadir, a former army quarter master general in which capacity he was
responsible for supplies, has been production minister under late
military president Gen Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq and headed the Privatisation
Commission under the previous government of ex- prime minister Nawaz
Sharif.

He is one of the several senior members of the previous government
accused of financial wrong doings. Babar also said that inquiry in two
other similar cases of privatisation against Saeed Qadir was almost
complete and would made public in a couple of weeks.

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950231
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Opposition rejects offer Govt agrees to withdraw cases
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Nasir Malick and Faraz Hashmi

ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: The government on Monday assured the National
Assembly that it would ask its members to withdraw cases filed against
10 opposition members who had 'assaulted' three members of the ruling
party on November 14.

The assurance was held out by the Prime Minister and conveyed to the
Assembly through Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan who, with Maulana Fazlur
Rahman and Hamid Nasir Chattha, was shuttling between the government and
the opposition for a patch-up.

Deputy opposition leader Gohar Ayub, however, rejected the government
offer and said the opposition was not talking about the registration of
the cases against its members but it was a question of the sovereignty
of the House.

Maulana Fazlur Rehman asked the Speaker to use his discretionary powers
to settle the issue and assure the opposition members that no one had
any right to take action against any assembly member except him
(Speaker) for whatever happened in the House.

The opposition did not allow any other issue to be discussed in the
House, and the Speaker allowed them to speak on points of order, but
reserved his ruling at the end. He did however, observe that the
government had given an assurance that it would withdraw the cases which
in itself was sufficient proof that it respected the sovereignty of
parliament.

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950130
--------------------------------------------------------------------
NA adjourned as deadlock persists
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD Jan 29:
National Assembly session was adjourned minutes after it began on
Sunday because of government opposition deadlock over the issue of
registration of cases against opposition member. Manzoor Wassan had got
registered cases against 10 opposition members for attacking him during
the address of President Farooq Leghari to the Joint Sitting of
parliament on Nov. 14.

Interior Minister Naseerullah Babar had confirmed the registration of
cases against the opposition legislators on the floor of the National
Assembly on Thursday, which had created an uproar in the House.

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950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Nawaz calls for NA body for accountability
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 1: Opposition leader Nawaz Sharif on Wednesday suggested
the formation of a "parliamentary judicial commission" to be appointed
by a two-third majority of the National Assembly for holding
accountability of the politicians.

"Either the judges of this commission should be appointed with a
consensus between the government and the opposition or by a two-third
majority of the House within 10 days," Mr Nawaz told the National
Assembly. He said the judges of this commission should be appointed
for a life-time and the opposition and the ruling party should take
cases of corruption before it. "The commission should be empowered to
disqualify a sitting member for a life-time if found involved in
corruption," he said. Mr Nawaz said the opposition would cooperage with
the ruling party for the formation of this commission.

He rejected the present process of accountability which, he said, was
one-sided. He severely criticised the judiciary also and accused it of
playing into the hands of the ruling party.

He said the judge holding trial of opposition member Sheikh Rasheed
Ahmad had gone to the airport to receive Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.
"What justice can he deliver?" he asked while placing on record of the
National Assembly the picture of the said judge along with the prime
minister at the airport.

The opposition leader said the explanation given by the said judge to
the Lahore High Court, was also ridiculous. The judge had told the
Lahore High Court that he had gone to the airport to see off his friend
and there he learnt that Benazir was also coming, so "in curiosity" he
went to see her.

Besides, he said, the said judge was dismissed by the caretaker prime
minister Moeen Qureshi in 1993 on charges of corruption and reinstated
by Punjab Governor Altaf Hussain. "When such kind of judge will decide
Sheikh Rasheed's case what kind of decision do you expect from him?", he
asked.

Mr Nawaz lauded the efforts of the Speaker in upholding the democratic
traditions and the sovereignty of the house. He said the government was
implicating the opposition members in false cases to cow down the
opposition but asserted that the government would not succeed in its
mission.

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950205
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PM rejects poll facade Plebiscite only basis for talks with India
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 4: Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto on Saturday rejected
the so-called elections announced by New Delhi in Kashmir and said India
will remain hostage to Kashmir problem till its solution in accordance
with the United Nations resolution which calls for holding of plebiscite
in Kashmir.

"As long as the struggle of Kashmiris will continue to be trampled under
the military, boots, India will remain hostage to Kashmir problem,"
Benazir Bhutto said in her address to the nation over radio and
television on the eve of general strike being observed throughout the
country on February 5 to express solidarity with the Kashmiris fighting
Indian aggression.

She referred to various stages of the freedom struggle and Pakistan's
persistent stand on the issue. 'Pakistan has always supported the right
of self-determination of the Kashmiri people." She said Pakistan had
remained steadfast within and outside the country to protect
independence, democracy and human dignity. "The future will also find us
unswerving in our commitment."

She said until and unless New Delhi agrees on talking about plebiscite,
no talks can be held between the two countries. India, she said, should
shun the policy of oppression and aggression and give serious thought to
coming to the negotiating table and decide the modalities of plebiscite
through dialogue.

Besides, she pointed out that while on the one hand India was talking
about holding a dialogue on the other hand it was increasing its
repression and promulgating oppressive laws like TADA in the occupied
valley to quell the freedom struggle. Similarly, she said, India has not
reduced the troops level from the occupied valley to show its
seriousness to talks nor was ready to talks on the two non-papers
submitted by Islamabad on Kashmir.

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Govt gives strike call for 5th
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: The government has given a nation-wide strike call
for February 5 to express solidarity with the Kashmiri people fighting
Indian repression in the occupied Jammu and Kashmir.

This will he the second consecutive year Pakistanis will be expressing
their solidarity with the Kashmiri freedom fighters through a nation-
wide strike on the same date.

The first such strike call was given by former Prime Minister Zulfikar
Ali Bhutto, father of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.

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950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
World Bank supports power projects
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 1: The World Bank has fully supported the government's
energy policy and offered all possible support to overcome power
shortage in Pakistan.

"Thirty projects have got the letters of support for generating 6000 to
7000 mw of electricity, and a number of very strong sponsored groups
with very sound proposals are ready for financial closure in the next 18
months," said a senior official of the World Bank.

Speaking at a news conference here on Wednesday, Mr Per Ljung, Chief of
Energy and Project Finance Division at Washington, pointed out that
Pakistan's energy policy was a well thought-out plan in any developing
country.

He also supported the government's privatisation policy and said that
WAPDA was gradually disinvesting its thermal power units to the private
sector.

Overall, he believed that the efficiency of WAPDA was expected to be
increased as a result of various measures being taken by the government.
"WAPDA would be a role model for the developing countries," he
predicted.

He said that Ghazi Brotha was a viable project, and that was why the
World Bank helped form a consortium for arranging 2.5 billion dollars
for the 1400 mw project.

Asked whether the government also supported the WAPDA's plan not to
privatise the hydel generating units, he said his organisation accepted
the government's point of view that major dams were critically important
for irrigation system, which should not be sold out.

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950205
--------------------------------------------------------------------
11 more power plants to be launched
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 4: Groundbreaking ceremonies for 11 new thermal power
projects costing approximately 3 billion dollars and having an installed
capacity of 3056 mega watt (mw) will take place in March and April.

The government has received plans from 11 companies to undertake their
projects during these two months. The plans had been submitted after
getting assurances from various banking sources.

These new projects would be in addition to 1292 mw Hub power plant in
Balochistan and 120 mw Kohinoor project near Lahore to be installed at
a cost of 1.8 billion dollars and 110.52 million dollars respectively.

The AES (Lalpir) will have its ground breaking ceremony at Muzaffargarh,
Punjab. Work will start on the Fauji Kabirwala power project, a joint
venture with INTRAG and SCEPTRE of the United States. A Japanese company
will be putting up its 120 mw Southern Project near Lahore during March,
to be followed by 10 mw Davis Energen project at Fimkasser. The Northern
Electric Company is undertaking a project in Chakwal.

The Chief Executive of the Ex-im bank, Mr Broody is expected to visit
Pakistan in the last week of this month or early March to determine the
size of his organisation's financial support being sought by various
investors. Sources said that the initial response of the Bank has been
very encouraging to provide equity for different projects including
insurance cover.

The government has offered 30 letters of support to potential local and
foreign investors. Officials said that they were quite hopeful that
Gordon Wu of Hong Kong would bring 4 billion dollars and that another 4
billion dollars would come from South Korean investors.

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950201
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Flow of US investment to continue
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Our Staff Reporter

KARACHI, Jan 31: Political and Economic Officer and Consul of the United
States of America (USA) Michael S Owen has said that the flow of US
investments in different sectors will continue "despite the
deteriorating law and order situation in the country, particularly
Karachi."

Exchanging views with President of KCCI, he said the US intends to avail
the lucrative investment opportunity, particularly in the energy sector
because of high rate of returns. Moreover, he said, a number of
companies were also planning to invest in the manufacturing and
engineering sectors.

When a KCCI member expressed the fear that the US might discontinue
investment in view of the law and order situation in the country,
Michael said, "We carefully monitor the law and order situation but
there exists no excuse for curtailing the investment. It will continue
in future as negotiations are underway for seeking more opportunities in
your country "

Terming Pakistan's investment climate as lucrative for prospective
investors, he reminded that a big joint venture between Chrysler Motors
and Hinopak Motors Limited was signed a few months back for assembly of
Cherokee Jeeps in Pakistan, which was likely to be marketed by the end
of this year. The company intends to produce 3,000 jeeps per year, he
said. KCCI President drew the US official's attention awards the
possibility for a potentially sound joint venture between the two
countries in the processed fruits and foods products field and asked him
to expedite efforts for its practical go ahead.

Talking about WTO/NAFTA agreement, Michael was of the view that the
local industry would collapse but risk had to be taken as an era of
liberalisation had commenced "I think the conditionalities of the
agreement may prove beneficial in the long run," he added.

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950205
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Oil transportation: Railway seeks Rs 10. 5 bn investment
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

LAHORE, Feb. 4: Pakistan Railways Chairman Mahboob Ahmad hopes to secure
a government investment of about Rs 10.5 billion to equip the
organisation to transport about five million metric tones of furnace oil
from Karachi to 12 upcountry private sector thermal power units.

The government's special grant will enable the organisation to import
and locally assemble 49 locomotives, 1320 high speed oil wagons and
double 72 kms of track. This is said to be the minimum railways
requirement to make the private sector power houses to start functioning
by December 1997.

His assumption is based on the importance which the government attaches
to energy sector for which oil transportation from Karachi port is of
vital importance. He said as the government has allowed the private
sector power units, the fuel requirement was largely to be met through
transportation by the railways.

Though the task was challenging, but the Chairman railways claimed his
organisation was 'fully capable' of accepting it. Pakistan State Oil has
been negotiating with the Railways for transportation of furnace oil
from Karachi Port. Next round of talks will be held at Islamabad before
an agreement is reached between the two organisations.

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Revival of bullet train plan likely
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Mahmood Zaman

LAHORE, Jan 30: Pakistan may have the first bullet train between Karachi
and Hyderabad to cover the 160-km distance in a maximum of 40 minutes
with a minimum speed of 300 km an hour.

The proposed Rs 27 billion project will be in collaboration between the
public and private sectors and the Pakistan Railways has undertaken the
feasibility study.

Linking of the Central Asian Republics with rail, increasing the
freight-handling capacity to cater national requirements, carrying of
furnace and white oil for the private sector thermal power generation
units, operating air conditioned fast inter-city trains, management of
railways lands and property, laying double track and setting up of more
dry ports in the Punjab were incorporated in the ambitious future plan,
aimed at making the organisation financially viable.

It may be mentioned that the project was conceived by the Nawaz Sharif
government and the Pakistan Railways started attracting international
financial assistance. The project was retained by the caretaker
government headed by Balakh Sher Mazari. Talks were held with a number
of countries and aid consortium and France and Spain showed interest to
lay infrastructure and supply rolling stock. The French Railways also
paid $160,000 for a feasibility study. A report was sent which evoked no
subsequent response.

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950130
--------------------------------------------------------------------
NIRC convenes meeting to discuss issues
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

LAHORE, Jan 29: Legal aspects of contractual, ad hoc daily wage and
work-charged employment will come under discussion during a two-day
meeting, convened by the National Industrial Relations Commission.
Representatives of various professional bodies such as bar associations,
employers' organisations and trade unions have been invited to
participate in the deliberations.

The discussion at the meeting would be confined mainly to legal
questions and the rights of those working in various categories laid
down in the labour laws.

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950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
N-issue was not high on Perry's agenda: FO
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 1: Pakistan on Wednesday said the nuclear issue during
the US Defence Secretary William Perry's visit here last month was way
down in the agenda of talks, and that it was not asked by the United
States to sign the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty "unilaterally "

Rejecting the US Assistant Secretary for Security and Arms Control Lynn
Davis' assertion that the NPT issue was "forcefully argued" by Mr Perry
during his talks with the Pakistan government, a spokesman for the
Foreign Office said:

"The US demand for capping our nuclear programme is long standing For
the last three years. They have wanted Pakistan to sign the NPT, but we
have made it very clear to them that we are not prepared to sign the NPT
unilaterally."

The spokesman said while the NPT issue was raised during the bilateral
talks with Perry, "America did not ask us to sign the NPT," adding that
the US shared Islamabad's concern that it should be "equitable and non-
discriminatory" in nature.

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950201
--------------------------------------------------------------------
US still working to cap N-plan
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Muhammad Ali Siddiqi

WASHINCTON, Jan 31: Despite the setbacks to its non-proliferation policy
in South Asia, the United States has not given up its efforts to cap and
then eliminate Pakistani and Indian nuclear programmes. A reaffirmation
of America's goals was made here on Tuesday morning by Lynn Davis,
Assistant Secretary for Security and Arms Control .

Speaking at "a nuclear breakfast group" meeting, Ms Davis said the
United States was being "realistic" in its attitude, because neither
Pakistan nor India would agree to any non-proliferation steps unless
they both had "confidence in their own security."

While the U.S. would "very much hope to move India and Pakistan into the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)," she said "we are realistic that
as a first step we would like to cap the programmes and in time reduce
and eliminate" them. But for this to happen, she said "both countries
will need to have confidence in their own security."

Ms Davis denied that during his recent trip to South Asia, Defence
Secretary William Perry did not take up the NPT issue. Instead, she
said, Secretary Perry "forcefully argued" this point in both Pakistan
and India.

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950204
--------------------------------------------------------------------
N-issue: 'non-weaponised deterrence' proposed
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Mohammad Ali Siddiqi

WASHINGTON, Feb. 3: An American think-tank has come out with a
suggestion that Pakistan and India should be allowed to have a ' non-
weaponised deterrence" if there is to be a solution to South Asia's
nuclear question.

In a study released by the Asia Society at a seminar on Thursday, it
defined a "non-weaponised deterrence" thus: "a relationship between
India and Pakistan in which their nuclear capabilities impose a
condition of mutual nuclear deterrence on the two countries, while
agreements not to move ahead into overt deployment of nuclear weapons
minimise the instabilities commonly associated with nuclear arms racing.

Prepared by scholars former diplomats and journalists, the study says
asking Islamabad and New Delhi to reverse their nuclear plans or sign
the NPT is "politically risky" and adds: "Politically a nonweaponised
deterrence regime has something for everyone. It allows New Delhi and
Islamabad to maintain the same level of mutual deterrence they enjoy
today."

In the long run, the report feels "it may be more difficult to get
Pakistan than India to renounce the nuclear option because of Pakistan's
conventional military inferiority."

The report pleads for associating other nuclear powers, including China,
with the proposed "nonweaponised deterrence" and says
"institutionalising a nonweaponised deterrence would encourage rather
than discourage future political and military agreements to normalise
relations between Pakistan and India."

The authors of the report say: "We believe that a non-weaponised
deterrence regime is the most realistic approach to the problem of South
Asian nuclear proliferation, because it recognises and accepts certain
essential facts:

"India and Pakistan are nuclear-weapon-capable, and both countries
derive a measure of deterrent security from their nuclear capabilities.
Neither side is likely, in the near term, to reverse its nuclear
progress, much less sign the NPT, because of the domestic political
backlash such a step would generate.

"And neither side seems in any rush to move ahead into the assembly or
deployment of nuclear weapons, which affords the non-proliferation
community a window of opportunity to contain India's and Pakistan's
nuclear weapon capabilities."

Those involved with the study include Arthur Hartman, former US
Ambassador to Paris and Moscow; Stephen P. Cohen of the University of
Illinois and author of several books on Pakistan and India, Marshal
Bouton, of the Asia Society, and Emily MacFarquhar of U.S News & World
Report and former Asia Editor of The Economist and others. Dr. Parvaiz
Iqbal Cheema, of the Quaid-i-Azam University, was on the panel of the
seminar and responded to questions.

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950203
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Opposition lashes out on Gwadar issue
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 2: The opposition PML on Wednesday organised a seminar
on the issue of Gwadar at which speakers vowed to resist the government
move to gift land to Oman.

The seminar was held only a day after the Lahore High Court dismissed a
constitutional petition upholding the government's stance on the issue.
The court in its short order said that the stand taken the government
was bona fide and lawful.

The speakers at the seminar, besides expressing concern over the leasing
of land, also highlighted the strategic significance of Gwadar in the
changed geo-political situation of the region.

Mir Zafarullah Jamali, MNA, claimed that the government had decided to
hand over Gwadar to an Omani firm for the investment which was owned by
an adviser of Sultan Qaboos Shiekh Zawawi. He said the firm enjoyed full
backing of United States. "The people of Pakistan should note that 80
per cent share is being allotted to the American sponsored company," he
said .

Jamali said the fact that the Israeli threat to wipe out Iran's nuclear
installations came right after the visits of Benazir Bhutto to Oman and
the Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin to Oman exposed the whole plot.

Akram Zaki, former secretary general of foreign affairs dilating on the
strategic importance of Gwadar and American interests in the region said
the geo-strategic realities of this area had changed after the Islamic
revolution in Iran, the collapse of the Soviet Union following its
intrusion in Afghanistan and the Iran-Iraq war. The United States, hoe
said first used Iraq to weaken Iran and then destroyed Iraq itself.
Similarly, it supported Pakistan to bleed the Soviet Union in
Afghanistan and then turned against Pakistan with obvious efforts to
destroy it through Pressler Amendment and various other strangulating
actions he added.

He said the United States, with the objectives to contain Iran, wanted
to create a rift between Pakistan and China and to assist India to
overpower China. wanted a base in Gwadar. The American, he added, would
not like to use Arab territory to attack Iran, as it would trigger a war
between Iran and the Arab countries leading to a possible disruption of
the West's vital oil supplies, he added.

Dr Shirin Mazari in her speech criticised the decision of Pakistani
government to allow a ferry service between Oman and Gwadar. She said:
"Omanese will eventually be allowed to extend this ferry service to
India, and that is why they have shown an interest in expanding the
miniport facilities at Gwadar. If this be the case, she said, not only
Americans would have strategic access to Pakistan but the Indians will
also gain the access. And one needs to remember that the Omanese ruler
has a large number of Indian advisers."

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950230
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Taliban can help restore peace: UN
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

PESHAWAR, Jan 29: UN special representative in Afghanistan Sotirios
Mousouris has expressed optimism about a viable and lasting solution to
the Afghan imbroglio, once the parties to the conflict start to trust
each other. Talking to newsmen here on Sunday, while on his way back to
his native country, Greece, after completing his tenure in Afghanistan,
he said that the Afghan leaders had become so used to fighting that they
were afraid of peace.

He recognised the new element in the Afghan conflict, of the religious
students called 'Taliban', and said they could play their role in
bringing peace to the war-torn country.

Dismissing the allegations against the Afghan organisations that they
were mere armed bands he said that, in fact, they had played a pivotal
role in resisting the Soviet invasion and could still have a role in
their country's future.

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950201
--------------------------------------------------------------------
LHC refers Khalid Latif's writ to CJ
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

LAHORE, Jan 31: Justice Malik Mohammad Qayyum of the Lahore High Court
has referred a petition moved in November 1994 by Mr Khalid Latif, then
chief executive of the Allied Bank, to the chief justice for
consideration by a larger bench.

The petition had challenged investigations by the FIA and other
agencies, allegedly to harass him. The ABL chief was arrested earlier
this month for a banking offence and he filed a habeas corpus petition
in the Lahore High Court.

After hearing the arguments regarding maintainability, the court
decided to refer the matter to the chief justice for consideration by a
larger bench.

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950203
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Haider leaves for US tomorrow
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 2: Two former ministers for law and justice are leaving
here for Washington on Saturday to meet high US officials and discuss
with them improving the relations between the two countries.

Senator Iqbal Haider is visiting the United States as a special envoy of
Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. He is accompanied by Senator Chaudhry
Aitzaz Ahsan.

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950203
--------------------------------------------------------------------
City coast turning poisonous: Tanneries spew toxic waste into sea
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 2: Tanneries in Korangi area of Karachi are directly
discharging an estimated 6,000 cubic meters of hazardous waste daily
into the sea, federal minister for social welfare and special education
Dr Sher Afgan told National Assembly on Thursday.

Responding to a call attention notice the minister admitted that the
discharge of untreated municipal and industrial effluent in the sea is
all acute and persistent problem of the city of Karachi.

Presently there are only two old sewage treatment plants which are
grossly inadequate to meet the needs of the population and the
industries, he said.

The sewerage disposal system in the area of Korangi where the tanneries
are located is also not linked with the city's sewerage system and as a
result of the effluent is discharged directly into the sea, he added .

The government has already taken cognisance of the problem of the
disposal of untreated tanneries effluent from Korangi area into the sea
and has developed a project for the establishment of a central treatment
plant at an estimated cost of Rs. 268 million in collaboration with the
Tanners Association, The Karachi Metropolitan Corporal KMC and Sindh
Environmental Protection Agency.

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950203
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Family planning: agreement signed
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMARAD, Feb. 2: The government of Pakistan here on Thursday signed an
agreement with the United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA) and
International Labour Organisation (ILO) for population education and
family planning services for workers in the organised sector.

The project entitled "population education and family planning service
for workers in the organised sector" would cost an estimated amount of
Rs 66.9 million.

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950203
--------------------------------------------------------------------
4m villagers to get rights over land
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

LAHORE, Feb. 2: The Punjab Assembly on Thursday unanimously a bill
conferring land ownership rights on non-proprietors in the villages of
the province. The Punjab Conferment of Proprietary Rights on Non-
proprietors in Abadi Act, 1995, will make four million landless families
in 18,000 villages of the province owners of the private lands on which
they have been living since partition or before without any cost.

Chief Minister Wattoo told the house that the government was already
giving away state land in 7,000 villages under an executive order. He
expressed the hope that law would help stop migration of the rural
population to the cities and provide a sense of security to the people.
He said the other provinces would follow with similar laws.

Responding to the apprehensions expressed by PML's Tabish Alvari, who
was the only legislator to oppose the bill, Mr Wattoo said the
Conferment of the proprietary rights would be across the board and only
"genuine" people would be given such rights. Nobody would be allowed to
use the law to grab land.

Members from both sides of the House congratulated each other on the
passage of the law unanimously and expressed the hope that the cordial
atmosphere would be maintained in the future.

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953101
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Women's plight: SC seeks NGOs help
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: The Supreme Court has called upon the Non-
Governmental Organisations (NGOs) working for the welfare of women and
children to come up with their suggestions to improve the conditions of
both the under-trial and convicted pregnant women languishing in the
country's jails.

The Court observed this while hearing a case on January 25 regarding
plight of such women. It had taken suo moto cognisance of the reports
appearing in the Press about the sorry state of affairs of such women
with their babies and minors confined in the jails.

The representatives of women organisations in particular have been asked
to send their suggestions in writing to the Registrar of the Court or
appear in person at the next date of hearing.

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950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Nawaz's secretary arrested
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Nasir Malick

ISLAMABAD, Feb. 1: The Federal Investigation Agency on Wednesday
afternoon arrested Personal Secretary of opposition leader Nawaz Sharif
from outside the parliament building for failing to pay his outstanding
dues amounting to Rs 2.2 million accruing due to his stay in the Federal
lodge, Murree.

Khayam Qaiser, according to FlA, had been staying at Federal Lodge,
Murree. and had not cleared the outstanding bill of Rs 2.2 million which
was due from him. He was arrested on the report of caretakers of the
Federal Lodge, Murree, Mr Abdul Majeed and Malik Khalid.

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Marker's wife, relatives harassed in bungled robbery
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Ghulam Hasnain

KARACHI, Jan 30: The wife of Jamsheed Marker, the permanent
representative of Pakistan at the United Nations, his sister and
brother-in-law were harassed and beaten up during a bungled house
robbery which ended up in a police encounter on Monday afternoon.

Shocked and perturbed Jamshed Marker, who reached the scene soon after
the incident, later told Dawn that he was grateful to God that nobody
was seriously hurt.

"They beat up my brother-in-law. They harassed my sister and beat up the
servants," said Mr Marker who had arrived four days back from New York.

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PML factions discuss unification
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

LAHORE, Jan 30: The PML(N) party. and the PML(J) are in contact with
each other at various levels and there is a strong desire for unity on
both sides, a PML(N) leader said on Monday .

Syed Tabish Alvari. the opposition's spokesman in the Punjab Assembly,
told a news conference that unity in the two PML factions would have
far-reaching consequences at the national level but it would be possible
only with sincerity on both sides.

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950130
--------------------------------------------------------------------
HRCP report 1994 for tribesmen demanded
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 29: The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan has called
for counter measures vis-a-vis the tilt brought about in the
constitution through certain amendments against the representation of
the underprivileged in governance.

The commission has included in the Report a set of recommendations under
the headings, "Activating human rights concern", "Democratic
development", "Rule of law", "Disadvantaged sections" and "Social
sector."

While emphasising the importance of finding a way for political
accommodation between the old and the new Sindhis, it points out, "The
MQM's representative character has to be recognised and it has to be
enabled to play its due political role."

The Tribal Areas, it goes on to recommend, should be given universal
adult franchise.

The report has further recommended, inter alia:
* Implementation, without further delay, of the Supreme Court decision
on separation of judiciary from the executive.
* Enforcement of the law reforms for minimising delays in the prevailing
judicial system.
* All the remaining special courts should be abolished.
* The Hudood laws and the Sharia courts should be scrapped.
* As the police has become "notorious for the methods it employs and the
crimes it not only makes possible but itself commits," the HRCP report
has called for tightening up of the system of its training; supervision
and accountability; setting up of ombudsmen at the centre and the
provinces; and immediate ratification of the UN Convention against
torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment.
* Immediate repeal of the blasphemy law, (after the Supreme Court's
upholding the constitutionality of Ordinance XX), protection of Ahmadis
from fundamentalist persecution; special protection for Hindu girls from
frequent kidnapping and conversion and for Hindu men against blackmail
with threats of being denounced as RAW agents.
* All nationalised institutions should be restored to their original
owners, freedom of worship of all should be respected and places of
worship protected.
* Family laws should be amended to give women equality of status with
men.
* The officially run darul amines, or shelter homes, should be converted
into the kind of places they were meant to be sanctuaries of sympathy
and protection rather than institutions of coercion and control
* Chide labour should be banned.
* Allocation of 20% of national income and an equal proportion of
foreign assistance to social sector.
* Primary education should be made compulsory.
* The law against bonded labour should be strictly enforced.

===================================================================
B U S I N E S S & E C O N O M I C S
===================================================================

950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Suzuki looking for Pakistani partners
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Shaheen Sehbai

ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: The Japanese managers of the Suzuki Motor Company are
seeking partnership with a Pakistani firm as they are finding it
difficult to handle local labour and other production problems.

Business sources said the Japanese company was facing losses for the
last four years and the situation had become so bad that its equity had
recently been wiped out and had to be increased.

"We have heard that the Suzuki people have asked PACO to sell its share
holding of 14 per cent to the Pakistani partner to be picked up by the
Japanese," a senior PACO official disclosed.

Since the Pak-Suzuki Company went into total Japanese control, there
have been extra-ordinary conditions causing losses which no one could
control.

In the first two years the Government did not allow the company to fix
its own price and thus losses were sustained, specially because of the
high rate of yen. Then came the yellow cab scheme of Nawaz Sharif
Government and not only the company lose a big share of its market but
some 2,000 Suzuki yellow cabs imported under the scheme are also stuck.

Sources said the former Japanese Ambassador to Pakistan, Mr. Kunio
Muraoka, who has retired from Foreign Service, had been hired by the
Suzuki Company as a consultant to help it out in its Pakistan
operations. Mr. Muraoka was in Pakistan recently to find out whether
the Pakistan Government was willing to offload its 14 per cent shares
in the company, held by PACO, and who could be the best local partner
with the Japanese and on what basis.

Business sources said the Japanese were so fed up with the labour
situation in their plants that they were even prepared to offer not just
the 14 percent share of PACO, but a substantial portion of their own
equity to the Pakistani partner as well.

Surprisingly the Suzuki share on the stock markets still remains higher
than its face value of Rs 10, mainly because of its past record and the
demand for the cars, as there is no competition for Suzuki in the range
of cars it manufactures.

The Japanese had purchased the shares from PACO at Rs 93 per share but
now it has come down to Rs 37, falling to its lowest at Rs 33 on Sunday
and recovering Rs 4 on Monday.

Business sources said the agreement between PACO and Suzuki, at the time
of the sale, stipulated that whenever PACO offloaded its shares, first
preference would go to Suzuki.

"Now the Japanese want to invoke that clause and are urging PACO to sell
its share to Suzuki so that these can in turn be sold by the company to
its new local partner," the PACO official said.

The paid-up capital of the company presently is Rs 245.6 million and the
company recently increased it as losses had wiped out the original
capital.

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950204
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Investors play safe
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Muhammad Aslam

STOCK remained unsettled throughout last week as investors played on
both sides of the fence in the absence of new guiding factors. Price
movements were, therefore, highly volatile and analyst were not inclined
to make any predictions about the near-term direction of the market.

The Karachi Stock Exchange index of share prices twice attained the
psychological barrier of 1,800 points and sustained it, reflecting the
strength of the base shares and a good bit short-covering and finally
ended at 1,816.47 as compared to 1,787.03 a week earlier.

Selected support did emerge on blue chips counters but as investors were
unsure about the direction of the market they mostly played safe and did
not move out from the 'safe haven'.

However, a section of leading operators believe some of the positive
developments on the political front, notably the defection of a
prominent member of the Muslim League and a close associate of the
former prime minister along with a dozen other member could well mean
diffusion of tension between the contenders of power as it has weakened
the strength of the opposition.

However, despite these positive developments, leading dealers were not
inclined to take new positions until foreign investors are back in the
rings and that too in a big way.

Some of the leading foreign fund managers were said to be already in the
rings and picking up selected shares, mostly MNCs at the current lower
levels under the lead of ICI Pakistan and some others.

However, the chief bone of contention remained the PTC shares, which
were massively traded at the current lower level, and in a way assumed
the role of a trend-setter. "News that its GDR is traded higher on the
world markets, notably Hong Kong, triggered buy stops in it here as was
reflected by Wednesday's massive activity of 10 million shares," dealers
said.

They said physical trading could fall significantly during the holy
month of Ramazan but they ruled out the possibility of any major shake
out as the market has already suffered one of the leanest period in its
history.

The opening was, however, easy what the dealers called an extension of
the previous bearishness but after mid-week bulls moved in to cover
positions at the lower levels, lifting prices substantially higher on
some blue-chip counters.

"The market might take quite some time to be back on the rails after
having received heavy battering last week, but if the bulls decide to
stay in the rings for weeks, recovery process could be hastened," most
dealers believe. But much will depend on the behaviour of general
investors, whether they would like to sink and swim with the
institutional traders or not, they added.

Floor brokers said opinions about the direction of the market are
divided but if technical support could manifest itself in a bigger way
in the coming sessions, the rescue operation could succeed.

They said the market could fall further slightly but there is no
possibility of any further major shakeout at this stage and investors
could play safe at least for the near-term.

"After having achieved its goal, the targeted selling is fading out and
could hardly be a market factor in the coming sessions and that is what
the market needs at this stage of recovery," they added. They said
foreign fund managers might not have re-entered the rings with buy-stops
but they are in and it could be described as a positive development.

Dividend news from Universal Leather, Hoechst Pakistan and KESC might be
on the lower side of market expectations but they are positive ones and
could well prove a morale booster in an uncertain market, they said.

Although the rally was largely initiated by the blue-chips, some of the
low-priced issues also came in for active covering purchases and
generally ended recovered under the lead of scrips such Asian Stocks and
Habib Bank Modaraba.

But bank shares, which suffered heavily in the last week's sell-off led
the market advance under the lead of Askari Bank, MCB, AlFaysal Bank,
Fidelity Bank and Soneri Bank, rising sharply.

Insurance shares did not react positively to a better market and fell
sharply under the lead of Adamjee Insurance, Pak Resource Insurance,
EFU, and Habib Insurance.

After the initial recovery, on short-covering at the lower levels,
textile shares suffered a sharp setback on news that the government has
allowed duty-free export of cotton, which could well mean still higher
prices after exports start.

Synthetic shares on the other hand came in for active support and ended
recovered under the lead of Dewan Salman, and some others. Cement
shares, however, failed to react positively to the rally and ended
further shared.

PSO led the resistance to a large fall in the energy sector on news of
record sales of Rs 64 billion for the last financial year followed by
Mari Gas, and Sui Southern, and so did auto shares under the lead of Pak
Suzuki on news that the Japanese management is seeking local partners to
run it profitably. Agriauto also rose sharply on news of introduction of
a new range of motorcycles.

Chemical shares moved both sides of the market but ICI Pakistan which
was battered heavily last week, remained a hot-favourite and ended
sharply recovered.

Other good gainers were led by Fauji Fertiliser and Highnoon Labs. But
Glaxo, Dawood Hercules, and Pakistan Oxygen fell.

Trading volume soared to a record new weekly level of 60 million shares
from last week's 58.256 million shares thanks to heavy buying in some of
the blue scrips under the lead of Pakistan Synthetics, which now has
assumed the role of a current favourite. It was turned out a massive
volume of 12 million over the week, following the PTC shares' 40
million. Other actively traded shares were led by Lucky Cement,
Faysal Bank, Hub-Power, Ibrahim Fibre, Askari Bank, LTV Modaraba,
Pioneer Cement, Dhan Fibre, Highnoon Lab, Maple Leaf Cement, 24th ICP
Tri-Star Shipping and several others, which were traded actively either-
way.

In the provisionally listed shares, Kohat Cement remained under a
squeeze all through the week and finally ended higher by well over Rs 20
on volume of about 30 million shares followed by Platinum Bank, which
also finished modestly higher.

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950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Market receives PTC profit news with enthusiasm
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Dilawar Hussain

KARACHI, Feb. 1: Investors here and in London greeted the PTC profit
forecast for 1994 with enthusiasm. On Wednesday, shares in PTC gained
Rs. 1.05 or 3.2 percent in value to close at Rs 33.60. In London, GDRs
began trading at 95 cents but rose 5 cents or 5.3 percent in the first
hour, to 100 cents.

PTC Chairman Mian Muhammed Javed had told members of FPCCI on Tuesday
that the Corporation would post profit of Rs 16 billion for the year to
June 30, 1994. More than 14.3 percent ahead of the 1993 profit, the 1994
bottom line was generally believed to be well in line with market
expectations.

First Capital Securities was said to have earlier forecast Rs 11.8
billion but most equity research analysts thought this to be rather on
the lower side. Similarly profit projection at Rs 19 billion by another
leading brokerage was held to be overly optimistic. Between Rs 16.8
billion and Rs 18 billion were generally accepted levels by most stock
pundits at various investment advisory houses.

PTC auditors for financial year 1992-93 were A.F.Fergusons & co. For the
year to June 30,1994 Fords Rhodes, Robson, Morrow and Khalid Majid
Hussain Rahman have been appointed joint auditors. "Money managers
generally held the view that a rumour doing the rounds that Fergusons
had been asked to make way since they would not concede to an
unqualified audit report, was unfounded. "Change of auditors after
every two years is universal practice elsewhere in the world," said a
finance manager. This, he said, is a prudent policy which if at all,
has a beneficial effect and lends transparency to the process of
auditing.

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Stock exchanges crash worries expatriates in ME
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Syed Rashid Husain

RIYADH, Jan 30: The recent crash on the stock exchanges of the country,
with Karachi Stock Exchange index losing 180 plus points within a spate
of a week, has sent shockwaves across the Pakistani expatriate community
in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Gulf.

But the recent crash has dwindled many hopes and aspirations. This has
even jolted the confidence of many an expatriate Pakistani on the stock
exchanges. After all most of these investors were not professionals on
the stock exchanges. They invested in the stocks because they thought it
to be a safe and profitable investment. That confidence has now been
shattered.

A number of these are thinking now in terms of taking out their
investments from the stock exchanges, as soon as the situation improves.
They are not ready to take any more risk. Some of them have lost
fortunes within the last few months.

With the news that the steep decline in the stock index is because the
fund managers from Europe, USA and Far East have withdrawn their money
from the stock exchanges of the country, the situation has become more
gloomy. If that is true, these Pakistanis say that, then it means that
the decline is going to stay and it is not going to improve with the
improvement in the law and order situation.

Although the Bombay Stock Exchange has also taken a deep plunge in
recent days, yet most of the Indian investors are not that shock ridden
as the Pakistanis are. It is because they think that the Indian stock
exchanges are still in a better shape and capable as coping with this
situation and this phase a temporary one and not permanent.

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950204
--------------------------------------------------------------------
President advises against OGDC privatisation
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Ihtashamul Haque

THE Oil and Gas Development Corporation (OGDC) will start producing over
32,500 barrels of oil per day by May this year and has apparently
convinced the high-ups that there is no need to hurriedly go for its
privatisation.

With the increase in oil production by the OGDC and opposition to its
privatisation by President Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari and
concerned quarters, the issue of urgently privatising the organisation
has reportedly been delayed.

The President had written a detailed letter to the Prime Minister
recently, asking her not to privatise the OGDC. He emphasised that the
issues of revitalisation and restructuring of the OGDC affect the
national interest and must, therefore, be closely scrutinised and, if
necessary, decision already taken may be reversed.

Minister for Petroleum Anwar Saifullah Khan is advocating for its early
privatisation by arguing that since all the public enterprises are being
privatised why there should be any reservation for the OGDC.

Some of the officials of the Ministry and the OGDC have reportedly said
that instead of the privatisation, the process of gradual disinvestment
could not only ensure viable expansion in the organisation but would
also help to offer more and more jobs to the unemployed educated youth
of the country.

At present the organisation is worth Rs 14 billion and if the government
plans to sell its shares at the rate of Rs 10, it would easily get Rs
100 per share in the stock market, that can give Rs 118 billion to the
organisation, some people believed who also claimed that the 1961
Ordinance also does not permit its privatisation.

They argued it would be more appropriate if the privatisation of the
OGDC is done in 5 to 10 years time and it should be given to the private
sector when the organisation has become financially very strong and
offer benefits to its employees and contribute in the national exchequer
in a big way.

Chairman OGDC Rifat Askari, who is said to have succeeded in removing a
lot of bottlenecks in the OGDC and taken many bold decisions for
improving the working of the organisation has reportedly told the Prime
Minister that as long as the present structure and legal framework of
the Corporation is intact, there could not be any privatisation.

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950201
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BCCI compensation scheme Depositors may get payment from July
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Our Correspondent

LONDON, Jan 31: The long drawn-out saga of court battles for the
approval of a compensation scheme to pay thousands of depositors of the
closed Bank of Credit and Commerce International has entered a new phase
with the decision on Tuesday by the Luxembourg court, the last such
authority out of three jurisdictions to sanction a $1.8 billion package
agreed between Touche Ross, the Bank's official liquidators, and the
majority shareholders, the Abu Dhabi authorities.

A spokesman for Touche Ross hoped the first of the payments under the
compensation scheme which is expected to pay out between 30 to 40
percent of the loss suffered by the depositors and creditors of the BCCI
is likely by July or August. The High Court in the United Kingdom and
the court in the Cayman Islands had already approved the compensation
package.

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950130
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Banks, DFIs fail to enforce decrees
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Sabihuddin Ghausi

KARACHI, Jan 29: Banks and financial institutions are involved in
litigation with the sponsors of more than 1,500 industrial units for the
recovery of about Rs 22 billion, more than 60 percent of the amount of
stuck-up loans, of around 3,000 industrial units which are either closed
or, if in operation, are showing losses.

In last six months banks and financial institutions have obtained
decrees from the courts and tribunals for the recovery of their stuck-up
loans in hundreds of cases, but have found it difficult to execute them
for one reason or the other.

Bankers said that many defaulters have removed the machinery from closed
industrial units and only the vacant premises are available for
occupation.

Following the complaints of banks and financial institutions to the
government on problems they were encountering in execution of court
decrees obtained after legal proceedings that exercise was undertaken to
frame a new set of laws and rules that would facilitate the banks and
DFIs to prepare a list of defaulters along with their close relatives
and kin.

===================================================================
E D I T O R I A L S & F E A T U R E S
===================================================================

950202
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Creating heroes and martyrs
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Tahir Mirza
LAHORE: If the Benazir Bhutto government goes on as it is doing, it will
be creating more heroes and martyrs to the cause than the opposition
could manage on its own.

Two more big heroes were created in Lahore on Sunday when Mr Nawaz
Sharif's brother, Abbas Sharif, and Shahbaz Sharif's son, Hamza, went to
the FIA office in a procession to present themselves for arrest. There
was much shouting and slogan-raising during the procession, and both the
men, wanted in cases of alleged fraud, were profusely garlanded. A few
days ago, Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi, a brother-in-law of Chaudhry Shujaat,
had offered himself for arrest in a similarly flamboyant fashion.

Of course it is a comment on our political and social culture that
people implicated in criminal cases can turn their arrests into a public
festival. Previously only those offering themselves for arrest for
political reasons, in protest against a draconian law or political
oppression, would be taken out in processions and garlanded: they would
court arrest for something they believed in. Now we have the spectacle
of alleged loan defaulters and jugglers of bank accounts being cast as
political martyrs. It would surprise no one if tomorrow a Sharif or a
Chaudhry or whoever implicated in a corruption case goes parading
through The Mall actually reciting Faiz's poem Aaj bazar mein pabajolan
chalo...let us go through the bazar in fetters.

But the problem is with the government. Its one-sided process of
accountability is directly responsible for allowing everyone to wear a
political halo. The families of both the leader of the opposition and
Chaudhry Shujaat have been implicated in a number of cases which may or
may not be true. The Sharifs and the Gujrat Chaudhris have reputations
which can make most charges appear credible. However, since the
government's own reputation for running a clean administration is now
coming under greater criticism, selective legal moves against opposition
men can only have a counter-productive effect.

Everyone knows about the Gujrat connection in the cooperatives scandal;
but everyone also knows that some now on the right side of the
government were also involved. If anything has to be done to clean the
house, then it must be done even-handedly; otherwise, we will keep on
seeing political nonentities being lent glamour and status.

And this process is not confined to corruption cases. The registration
of cases against 10 opposition MNAs for the fracas caused during the
President's address to a joint session of parliament is another instance
of this attitude; even Nawabzada Nasrullah, who has so far been standing
by the government through thick and thin, is incensed over this. If the
government goes ahead with its plans, surely these 10 legislators will
also turn the proceedings against them and their arrest into a cause
celebre. The opposition agitation against the MNAs already detained has
similarly acquired political respectability, blocked parliamentary
proceedings and turned the obliging, boyish speaker into a fiery
independent being. What is happening to those PPP men who, in the
galleries outside the National Assembly after the joint session,
belaboured opposition legislators is not known. It is still difficult to
work up any sympathy for the foul-mouthed Sheikh Rashid, but we may soon
be on our way to doing that, too.

The official approach to what has been happening on the Imran Khan front
is another example of total mismanagement. Did PTV get an advertisement
film for the former cricket captain's hospital project or didn't it?
This is a simple proposition, unlike the leasing or gifting of land in
Gwadar, and yet even here the government cannot come clean. PTV denies
having received any film; the hospital cites consignment numbers to say
they had sent the film and PTV had refused to receive it. The more
Sarfraz Nawaz fulminates and the more the government resorts to
ambivalent statements, the greater the opportunity for apologists for
Imran Khan to write another column. In this, as in so many other
matters, the government is playing right on the opposition's wicket.
It's the surest way to cut a long innings short.

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950131
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Khyber drug haul
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From the Editorial Column

THE biggest ever haul of narcotics (124 tonnes of charas and 480
kilograms of heroin) and the arrest of 33 persons during Saturday's
raids in the Khyber Agency was undoubtedly a major success in Pakistan's
relentless drive against drug trafficking and addiction. It was a
particularly impressive achievement on the part of the agencies
responsible for the planning and execution of the operation, pitted as
they were against some of the most resourceful and ruthless elements,
with links with the worldwide network of drug mafias. With close co-
ordination between the Frontier Corps, the Frontier Constabulary and the
force of khassedars (paramilitary), under the command of the Inspector-
General of the Frontier Corps, Saturday's operation had all the elements
of surprise, speed and precision which should go into the planning and
execution of such raids. Apart from intercepting what obviously was a
formidable gang of manufacturers and traffickers, the raids also yielded
a large stock of some of the most modern machinery and equipment used in
processing, packing and concealing the deadly drugs, which,
incidentally, are an indication of the level of sophistication achieved
by the drug mafia in Pakistan. The expected investigation into the
nature and extent of criminal involvement, modus operandi and possible
links of the nine persons who were among those arrested during the
raids, would perhaps provide many more revealing facts and clues and,
hopefully, lead to the unearthing of several other gangs engaged in the
nefarious business.

Apart from being a blot on Pakistan's name and reputation and a source
of strains in the country's relations with the advanced nations, the
drug business is a major hazard to the health of the Pakistanis
themselves. President Clinton's top drugs control advisor, Lee P. Brown,
in a statement last the December, claimed that Pakistan might be the
worst of any country in terms of drug addiction problem and estimated
that Pakistan had as many as three million drug addicts, half of them
hooked on heroin and the rest on other drugs. The US Assistant Secretary
for International Narcotics Matters, during a meeting with the Pakistan
Ambassador in Washington about the same time, expressed concern at the
reported increase in poppy cultivation in Pakistan, even while conceding
that the continuing civil war in Afghanistan had made Pakistan's anti-
narcotics task difficult, in that the crop grown on the other side of
the border served as the base material for a variety of drugs produced
within Pakistan.

While the government has been conscious of the deadly dimensions of the
drug business, its efforts to control manufacture and trafficking have
often been undermined by rampant corruption in various enforcement
agencies and no less by the considerable influence of the drug barons in
high places. The freezing of the assets, estimated at about Rs 2.16
billion, of seven alleged drug barons during the last one year and the
report that the same may in fact be eventually confiscated by the state
should have a salutary effect. The government should have no second
thoughts about the matter and seek the sanction of the relevant courts
for forfeiture. It should also vigorously follow up on its decision,
taken at a high-level meeting chaired by the Prime Minister in Islamabad
earlier this month, to effectively implement the Narcotics Control
Ordinance 1995. Some advocates of more stringent anti-narcotics laws
hold that letting the Ordinance promulgated by Mr Moeen Qureshi's
government in 1993, prescribing capital punishment for confirmed drug
traffickers lapse was a mistake. However, according to certain
amendments contemplated in the existing law the possession of heroin by
a person is to be equated with the carrying of illicit lethal weapons,
making the offender liable to capital punishment. The point to stress is
that making the forfeiture of the properties and other assets an
integral part of punishment for certain categories of drug offenders may
have sufficient deterrent effect not to need the incorporation of death
sentence as a cutting edge to the existing laws. The other imperative is
to make the enforcement of the anti-drug laws inexorable and unsparing.

It is surprising that the Tanzim-i-lttihad-i-Qabail should have demanded
the custody of the persons arrested in Khyber Agency on the technical
ground that they were tribesmen and, therefore, immune from liability
under laws other than tribal ones. The Tanzim's ill-advised insistence
led to its processionists' clash with the police, resulting in the death
of at least one person and bullet injuries to seven others. There is
force in the NWFP governor's assertion that no organisation, committed
to the upholding of Islamic values should ask for multiple standards of
justice and let the law take its course. It is to be hoped that all
segments of society would realise the danger the country faces on the
drug front and lend a helping hand in stamping out the deadly menace.

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950205
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Power politics is the name of the game
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From M. Ziauddin

ISLAMABAD: Nawaz has lost Khokar in the game of power politics at which
Benazir seems to have become adept, lately. Next in the line are
Chaudhry Shujaat and Sheikh Rashid. The first is facing, like Khokar,
hank fraud cases and the other is in for possessing an unlicensed
kalashnikov .

Nawaz Khokar's desertion is not likely to cause a major exodus from the
PML. But PML leaders are usually not known for their political
commitments. They are generally motivated in their politics by personal
interests. Most, therefore, feel like fish out of water sitting on the
opposition benches. So, one would not like to rule out the possibility
of many others like Khokar getting due inspiration from his decision

No doubt, Khokar's revolt has caused damage to the Pakistan Muslim
League. But the circumstances under which the MNA from Islamabad has
announced the formation of a forward bloc within the party do not do any
credit to the ruling PDF's style of politics.

Only the most gullible believe that the former deputy speaker of the
National Assembly has parted company with Nawaz Sharif because of his
disagreement with what he calls his chief's "confrontational politics".
Not even the most trusting accept that he has left his leader out of
personal pain because Nawaz Sharif did not show the expected gesture of
solidarity in his hour of crisis by visiting him either in jail or at
his residence to empathise with his ailing mother.

Khokar has been a loyal hawk of Nawaz Sharif. He was a vociferous
articulator of Nawaz's so-called confrontational politics and its
aggressive practitioner. As for his personal pain, that too seems much
misplaced because Nawaz Sharif by nature is not given to demonstrative
gestures. He visited the jailed Sheikh Rashid, the other hawk from the
twin city only last week and that too when moaning messages started
pouring out of the Sheikh cell on daily basis.

Khokar's furtive demeanour on TV while making his audacious announcement
was a clear give-away. Khokar is facing bank fraud charges like his
other hawkish colleague, Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain. While he has been
granted bail to attend the National Assembly session and his house has
been declared a sub-jail, Shujaat has had a number of bail applications
rejected, a couple of those accepted by courts have been cancelled
immediately or he was implicated in other cases as soon as he was set
free in some pending cases.

Shujaat's cousin, Pervaiz Elahi, the deputy leader of the opposition in
the Punjab Assembly is also behind bars. Nawaz's father is out but his
younger brother Abbas and-his nephew Hamza, son of Shahbaz, are in jail.
Another of Nawaz's colleagues, Sheikh Rashid who is implicated in a
criminal case, has not been out of jail even for a few hours, as the
courts have consistently refused to grant him bail.

Nationalised banks have been plundered by the ruling elite over the last
18 years with total impunity. Unscrupulous politicians in power and the
praetorians among the civil and military bureaucracy have peddled
influence to milk the banks and with those borrowed riches they have
bought more influence. A vicious circle has set in which needs breaking
at the earliest.

The ruling PDF claims it is doing just that and justifies the arrests of
opposition leaders and their blatant persecution on the grounds of
accountability.

However, the way the ruling coalition is going about this business of
accountability on selective basis, it has raised a number of questions
about the real motives of the initiators of the process.

In the last 15 months or so national newspapers have published a number
of reports of financial scandals involving some of the members of the
ruling coalition and some recent appointees in high places. The
government has promptly acted against the newspapers which have
published "unsubstantiated" stories but shied away from those which were
backed by solid proofs notwithstanding the claims to the contrary by
upright people like Malik Qasim, the chief of Federal Anti-Corruption
Commission (FACC) and the honest simpletons like Gen. Nasirullah Khan
Babar, the interior minister.

There is a senator on the side of the angels who is allegedly the
biggest defaulter of the collapsed cooperatives. There is a re-appointed
top banker on the same side who has broken all the rules in the book to
write off loans obtained by his family. And there is an MNA on the
treasury benches who, under the cover of the union activity has siphoned
off millions from his institution. The list is not short. But none on
the list has even remotely been touched by the so-called accountability
process. In the case of the senator not only nothing has so far been
done to make him reimburse the swindled amount, although this government
is committed to make repayment to all the victims of the cooperatives,
but he has also been given permission to make massive investments in
lucrative new projects.

Insiders confided that at one point of time early in the term
"nauseatingly sentimental liberals" in the government actually sent up
for approval legal summaries that advised criminal proceedings against
offenders from both sides at the same time to make the whole thing look
above board and credible. Whatever happened to these summaries, nobody
knows but those who authored them are said to be no more in the position
of offering official advice.

This selective approach to the process of accountability makes one view
the desertion of Khokar with alarm. The government's credibility will be
tested soon once again by the way the legal aspects of Nawaz Khokar's
case shape up following his defection. What happened to the Sabir Shah
government in the NWFP early last year and what is happening in that
province with MPAs crossing over to the treasury benches almost on
monthly basis also do not present a reassuring backdrop to the game of
power politics being pursued seemingly with steely determination by a
person known for her silken touch, liberal ideas and global vision.

The idealists among her well-wishers get the creeps to see the PPP of
Benazir Bhutto wallowing in power politics. It is as if the days of Gen.
Zia have returned and with a vengeance. Nawaz Khokar was one of the
first PPPians to be battered into submission by Gen. Zia in the early
1980s. And by a quirk of coincidence or because Khokar is made of less
sterner stuff, but too rapacious for his own good, he has attained the
distinction of also becoming the first victim of PPP's power game. We
seem to have come full circle.

The one so far unanswered question on the lips of PPP's well wishers in
the capital is: Who is advising the Prime Minister? It would, however,
not be fair to give a final value judgement on her politics at this
point in time in her tenure. Nawaz Sharif on his part had not left her
much choice with his train marches and strikes. At present he is
reportedly engaged in mobilising support for tabling a no-confidence
motion against the Prime Minister. She just can't sit on the pedestal of
principles doing nothing waiting for Nawaz to strike.

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01-02-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------
A fresh controversy
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From the Editorial Column

AFTER the controversy over Rule 90, under which the Speaker of the
National Assembly had asked for the production of arrested MNAs when the
House was in session, the National Assembly is confronted with a fresh
problem. This relates to the case registered against 10 opposition MNAs
for their part in the rowdiness which marred the President's address to
the joint session of Parliament on November 14 last year. The case has
been registered on the complaint of a government MNA, Mr Manzoor Ahmad
Wassan from Sindh, but the opposition holding the government responsible
for it, sees it as another example of victimisation.

The contentiousness of this case arises from the question of
parliamentary immunity. Can parliamentarians be prosecuted even for
allegedly criminal misconduct committed within the precincts of
Parliament without the permission or the go-ahead from the Speaker of
the National Assembly or the Chairman of the Senate? That is the central
point which Mr Yousaf Raza Gillani, the National Assembly Speaker, wants
both sides to resolve between themselves in a spirit of amity before he
gives his ruling upon it. So far, or rather till Sunday evening, the
government seemed to be in no mood to budge from its stand that the case
registered against the 10 MNAs was a private complaint about which it
could do nothing. An attempt by a selected group of MNAs drawn from both
sides of the House failed to resolve the issue and so the House on
Sunday was adjourned by the Deputy Speaker only a few minutes after its
sitting had started. As for the Speaker, facing another troublesome
issue after the controversy on Rule 90, he seems to be avoiding coming
into the House till the matter is resolved or till he is absolutely
compelled to deliver a ruling.

In purely legal terms the government has a weak leg to stand upon. The
issue of parliamentary immunity is reasonably clear. If what members say
or do inside the House or within the precincts of Parliament can become
the subject of outside prosecutions, then they are placed immediately in
a difficult situation. The whole idea of parliamentary sovereignty is
thereby eroded. The weakness of the government's stance is also
certified by the fire it has come under on this issue even from a
staunch ally like Nawabzada Nasrullah Khan. But the government, it needs
little perspicacity to conclude, is not motivated by purely legal or
constitutional considerations alone. For some time now it has been
adopting a get-tough approach towards the opposition, the most
conspicuous sign of which has been the arrests of some opposition
figures on various criminal charges. To the extent that what the
government is now dealing with is a slightly more subdued opposition
compared to what its gung-ho behaviour has been over the past one year,
there might even be grounds for supposing that the government's
toughness has not been without its benefits. This kind of thinking can
encourage the government not to show any flexibility on the question of
the case registered against the 10 MNAs. With the opposition subdued and
only reacting to what the government is doing, the pressure on it must
be kept up, so might this thinking go.

However, beyond the question of short-term political gains the
government must also keep the larger canvass of democracy in its sights.
One dispute and deadlock after another not only encourages the
opposition to adopt a negative stance on every issue. It also undermines
the present system which is grist to the mills of its critics who are
thereby provided further grounds for asserting that Pakistan's
politicians are incapable of putting their house in order or giving the
country clean and stable government. From which the conclusion can be
drawn that what must be tried is something new. So even as the Prime
Minister surveys the effects of her toughness, she should not lose sight
of the wood for the trees. This issue, the case against the 10 MNAs, she
must resolve to the satisfaction of the Speaker who, after all, belongs
to her own coalition and who is trying, as far as his deserts allow him,
to maintain the dignity of the House. Otherwise energies all around will
be dissipated on another problem, gratuitously created .

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950202
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Academics abandoned
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By I.A. Rehman

THE Punjab University is the oldest seat of higher education in
Pakistan. About 400 of its teachers have been on strike for three weeks.
Almost every day they have been demonstrating in the streets of Lahore,
asking for justice. They have been seen by the members of the provincial
power elite, some of whom received knowledge from the same teachers, as
they drive from one ceremony to another. They have also been seen by
countless citizens, many of whom describe teachers as their most
precious asset.

But nobody seems to be listening to these unfortunate demonstrators. How
is it possible for a government that calls itself democratic and
responsible to ignore such a prolonged protest? Can a society that shows
no concern for the guardians of the future generation claim to be
conscious and responsible?

The government talked to the Malakand insurgents because they had guns.
The government talked to the conservative clerics who wanted to pressure
the judiciary because they could rouse the rabble. The government is
talking to the MQM because it can create a law and order problem. The
government talks to the members of the Press gallery every time they
walk out because they can fill columns with adverse notices. Are the
academics being ignored because they do not have guns, cannot instigate
the masses, do not have any nuisance value? Must the academic community
be left alone to be consumed by the fires of injustice and deprivation?

Even if the Punjab University teachers had no legitimate complaint their
status in society demanded that they should have been heard, should have
been spared the embarrassment of displaying their faded gowns in public,
should have been persuaded to return to the classroom. Whatever the
outcome of the ugly episode, the administration and the society stand
indicted for treating the teachers shabbily and cussedly.

But these teachers have a case no one can dispute. The housing society
of the teachers' association purchased 406 kanals of land from a
government department in 1974. It received possession of the land after
paying 25 % of the price.

The association's rights in this land were challenged from two quarters.
Some private parties claimed ownership of parts of the land. The matter
was taken to the High Court and then to the Supreme Court. The highest
court in the land confirmed the teachers' ownership of 374 kanals, and
awarded 31 kanals to two other parties. This happened in 1990.

The LDA got into the act in 1977 by acquiring the land although it was
clearly not available for its purposes. Attempts by the LDA to develop a
colony on the land belonging to the teachers were resisted, and the LDA
was told to at least wait for the court's decision.

After the Supreme Court verdict, the government in 1993 received the
balance of the price of the land sold to the teachers. Since then the
teachers' association has been trying to prevent grabbing of their land
by some privileged parties with the backing of the administration.

The matter has been examined by the LDA chiefs, the settlement
authorities, and the Governor. No one has disputed the teachers' claims
or their rights. Promises of redress have been made but not fulfilled.
Instructions have been issued but not implemented.

As the chancellor of the university, the Governor is supposed to be the
protector of the teachers' interest. But this is one area where he has
pretended helplessness.

What is the message being given to the university teachers, which they
should transmit to the youth under their care? That the state of
Pakistan is incapable of enforcing the law on the favourites of its
functionaries, that faced with a conflict between knowledge and gun, the
authorities have chosen to surrender to the gun.

Now the matter is no longer between the teachers and the land-grabbers,
nor between the teachers and the administration. It is a matter between
the judiciary and those who are treating its writ with contempt. It is
also a matter between the society and the administration. If the public
does not come to the rescue of the teachers and does not hold the
administration to account, then it is going to lose to the 'qazba
groups' much more than land, its dignity and its pride.

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950203
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A place of learning?
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By Ardeshir Cowasjee

"BOOKS are burned first, then the authors of those books are imprisoned
and then people are murdered. Such was, and still is, the logic of each
inhuman system. "

Thus spoke Lech Walesa, call him what you will, Gdansk shipyard worker,
labour leader, rabble rouser, patriot, Nobel prize-winner, Polish tsar,
President of Poland, at the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of
the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenhau that was so sadly marred by a
dispute between nations and religions. This was part of his plea to
intellectuals and politicians to resist the kind of authoritarianism
that leads to concentration camps.

Walesa's words, however, did not cause the earth to shake beneath the
feet of those who live or exist in all the people's democratic liberated
flowery kingdoms, or in the democratic totalitarian republics, or in the
liberal socialist democracies with which the world abounds.

Down through the ages books have been burned. There was the great
general Alexander of Macedon, conqueror of the Persian empire in which
dwelled my forefathers, whose men, out on a drunken spree, burned the
palace of Darius the Achamaenian that stood at Persepolis and all that
was in it, including his fabulous library. This remains a great black
mark against a very great man.

Our popular, 'freely and fairly' elected de facto and de jure leaders,
claim they are not "narrow-minded, vindictive, revengeful" (adjectives
from the legal notice served last month by Benazir on Kamran Khan of The
News) though they busy themselves by arresting in the middle of the
night a 70-year old businessman in their effort to have 'peaceful and
meaningful dialogue with the opposition.' Those above the law in our
totalitarian democracy may be interested in other nocturnal activities.

A library within the Karachi University campus narrowly escaped being
burned during the night of January 17, despite the presence of the
Rangers who have been posted there to prevent any 'incidents'.

At work were those so-called students, who so honourably name themselves
'activists', leaders and members of the Islami Jamiat Talaba (IJT) and
the Punjabi Students Association (PSA). The library was only saved
because of their ineptitude when it came to the interaction of petrol
and matches. The library of the Institute of Business Administration is
one of the largest of its kind in the Third World, and it would have
been extremely difficult and expensive to build it up again.

The inept activists were encouraged in this one particular activity by
the band of land-grabbers busy trying to hang on to some 34 acres of
university land unlawfully 'allotted' to them by the kind governments of
Jam Sadiq Ali of Sanghar, Muzaffar Hussain Shah, and other benevolent
corrupt chief ministers who preceded them. The land-grabbers, in turn,
are being guided and advised in their various efforts by the sacked
registrar of the university, a retired officer of the Pakistan Army, Lt-
Colonel Mohammad Wali Khan Durrani.

This former soldier, when sacked in July 1994, decamped with the
original documents and maps relating to the entire land owned by the
university, some 1,335 acres. The new Vice-Chancellor of the university,
Dr Abdul Wahab, who rid the institute of this man, wrote and requested
the COAS, General Waheed, to intervene and help retrieve the documents.
In November, the Chief of Staff of Corps in Karachi was instructed to
contact the renegade former Lt. Colonel and persuade him to do the right
thing and return what he had stolen.

The land mafia, the grabbers, were and are operating under the
protection of poacher-turned gamekeeper, the PPP-appointed chief of the
Sindh Wildlife Management Board, Malik Asad Sikandar, MNA from Dadu. He
is famed for the hunting and shooting parties he hosts in our various
wildlife sanctuaries, such as Kirthar Park, where large numbers of
protected species are picked off and shot down for his and his cronies'
pleasure and entertainment. He wields power, due, it is said, to his
closeness to certain famed 'high-ups'.

Prior to the arrival at the university of Dr Wahab, the land mafia were
getting along fine, no problems. Then along comes Dr Wahab with the full
intent of doing the right thing by the university, the wrong thing by
the land mafia. Apart from wishing to save the land so illegally and
wrongfully allotted, Dr Wahab moved to bring discipline to this place of
learning, to empty the students' hostel of all those living there
masquerading as students, to hold examinations on time, and to do all
such things that make a place of learning.

In the matter of getting back the university's land, Vice-Chancellor
Wahab asked for help from his Chancellor, Governor Mahmoud Haroon. The
governor acted forth with and appointed a high-powered committee,
chaired by Justice Mohammad Aslam Arain, to investigate the unlawful
allotments. Full marks to our governor for having appointed a Vice-
Chancellor who has the will to fight for his university's rights and to
dedicate himself to the saving of this place of learning. And more marks
to the governor for firmly sticking by his appointee.

The judge and his committee, amongst them a former Vice-Chancellor of
KU, the gentle soft-spoken Dr Ehsan Rashid, scrutinised and recorded the
unlawful allotments:

To Haji Mohammed Gabol, 2 acres; to Haji Muhammad 2.30 acres; to Haji
Muhammad and two others, 4 acres; to Suleman, son of Mangi Ladho, 2
acres; to Mehboobs son of Dost Mohammed, 4.23 acres; to Messrs Humair
Associates, 5.07 acres; to Shahida Zafar Maniar, 8.06 acres; to Moin
Maniar, 2 acres; to Messrs Bhayani Heights, 4 acres.

The names of the allottees are, of course, meaningless. The real people
are all brothers, cousins, nephews, uncles, fathers-in-law or cronies of
ministers, MNAs, MPAs and others that occupy power seats of sorts. This
is obvious, for no urban land valued at around Rs 200 per square yard is
'allotted' at Rs 3.3 per square yard (Rs 15,000 per acre), as was done
in these cases.

This university land scam involves the skimming-off of billions of
rupees. Is this not of sufficient magnitude to attract the attention of
the Chairman of our Federals Anti-Corruption Committee, the honourable
MNA Malik Qasim of Bahawalnagar? It is, indeed, and 'we' would be glad
if he could distract his fixed gaze from 'them' and 'their' past doings
and do something about this particular robber band that includes
surviving former chief ministers of this unfortunate province.

To return to books, and to the story of a wronged man who was an
instructor at the Staff College in Quetta at the time of partition. The
assets of the college were to be divided between India and Pakistan,
including its library. Lt-Colonel Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan heard through
his 'intelligence' grapevine that certain rare and ancient manuscripts
and books were to be surreptitiously removed from the library one night
and taken away before the actual division was made.

That evening, having partaken generously of the contents of the fine
cellars of the Staff College and then firmly secured their doors after
him, he took himself off to the library, unbuckled his revolver belt,
and bedded down on the large library table, stationing his loyal batman
underneath. His colleagues at the college knew well that his aim was
extra-sure when he was happy and well bolstered and the operation was
called off.

Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan, later to become the Rangila Raja, a general
and a president, must be remembered among other things as a man who
asked, rather pleaded, to be openly tried for whatever crimes and
offences he was accused of, and whose requests were firmly turned down
purely for selfish reasons of expediency and to prevent the full and the
whole truth from every being publicly recorded.

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950203
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Washington's belated wisdom
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From the Editorial Column

IT comes as a bit of a shock to hear someone as centrally-placed in the
American establishment as the Defence Secretary, Mr William Perry, to
purvey almost exactly the same arguments about the ineffectiveness of
the Pressler Amendment as Pakistan has been doing for the last five
years. Speaking of the negative impact of this law, Mr Perry, while
addressing the Foreign Policy Association of New York, has said that the
five year old congressional ban on aid and military sales to Pakistan
has undermined US efforts to contain a potential nuclear arms race
between India and Pakistan. In his view it has also become an obstacle
to reducing military tensions in the subcontinent.

Giving his assessment that both countries are determined to stick to
their nuclear programmes, the US defence secretary says that the weapons
ban, "a blunt instrument," had done nothing to improve the situation.
Furthermore, "it has undermined the influence we formerly had there" (in
Pakistan). Not only that, it "could even help push them (that is, both
countries) into an unfettered arms race, and that would be inviting the
disastrous."

There is another quote from this speech which is worth setting down in
full: "In fact the weakening of Pakistan's conventional forces which
resulted from this amendment has led Pakistan's leaders to conclude that
a nuclear capability is even more important to maintaining the security
of their country.

If Pakistan had been allowed to put words into Mr Perry's mouth, it
could not have done better than this. With what eloquence has Pakistan
been pointing out to the United States the discriminatory nature of the
Pressler law, the fact that it zeroes in only on Pakistan while leaving
untouched the Indian nuclear programme which set off this particular
race in South Asia. Till the coming into office of the Clinton
administration, these protestations were falling on deaf ears, with
America not going beyond the subtlety of trying to bludgeon Pakistan
to fall into line and unilaterally give up its nuclear programme.
Pakistan can congratulate itself on not having succumbed to this
pressure.

While it has had to face difficulties because of the sudden embargo on
military aid, with the vexed question of the F-16s for which it has
already paid remaining to be resolved, it has learnt that there is life
after American aid. For a country driven by insecurities of various
kinds this has been a useful lesson to imbibe. But beyond the question
of discrimination, Pakistan has also been pointing out the in
effectiveness of the punitive approach to foreign policy, centred on
the unrealistic expectation that a country threatened by a powerful and
ambitious neighbour could be squeezed into making unilateral concessions
on a matter lying at the heart of its security concerns. For a US
defence secretary to come round to this point of view, even if it has
taken five years for this to happen, is something that Pakistan can
only welcome. It also gives this country grounds for hoping that the
"blunt weapon" Mr Perry has spoken of will be discarded, not so much
on account of Pakistan's military needs as because of its
ineffectiveness, now publicly admitted, as an instrument of policy.
There is in the US defence secretary's refreshing admission a lesson
for Pakistan as well. Sticking to a principled stand may entail
momentary pain but over the long term that is always the best thing to
do, as much for pragmatic as for moral reasons.

Pakistan faced American pressure on the nuclear question but because
its stand was just, it has the satisfaction of seeing the United
States veering, even if ever so tardily, to its opinion. This may not
translate into radical policy adjustments in Washington but for
Pakistan's diplomacy this is still a success of some significance.

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950131
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Let's not spoil Imran Khan
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By I A Rahman
IMRAN KHAN is under attack from two sides. On the one hand, his friends,
who include disinterested admirers as well as power hungry opportunists,
are prompting him to assume the role of a political messiah that
everybody is supposed to be waiting for.

And, on the other hand, some birds in the political menagerie,
apparently frightened by reports of his imminent entry into politics
have started assailing him for quite a few things, including his
integrity. If these moves continue they will achieve only one thing--
they will spoil Imran Khan.

lmran Khan deserves his countrymen's respect. His distinction as a great
sportsman cannot be questioned, even after taking into account the
criticism his disenchanted team-mates or the BCCP bosses sometimes make
of his authoritarian style. What carried him to the pinnacle of success
was his total commitment to the game and his ability to contribute to
the team as much, if not more as he demanded from anyone else. He raised
the national flag high on grounds all over the world, and his place in
the national hall of fame is secure for all times, Mr. Ayaz Amir's
reservations about accepting sportsmen as heroes notwithstanding.

His campaign to build a cancer hospital in the memory of his mother is
extremely creditable. Whether the project fits in with the people's
immediate priorities or whether it has been pursued as well as someone
else would have wished, is immaterial. What matters is the fact that
Imran Khan apparently did not use his laurels to join the rate race.
Instead, he chose to do something which should benefit the people and he
did it with the same single mindedness and determination that he had
shown while turning himself from a luckless toiler on the cricket field
into a top-class allrounder.

Such men will be valued in any society. Especially so in Pakistan which
badly needs public-spirited activists, those who can struggle to
mitigate the suffering of ordinary people. A most promising career in
this field lies before Imran.

But enter some self-appointed kingmakers. They find in Imran Khan a
promising riding horse. They are convinced that the nation is sick and
tired of the whole breed of politicians and of the system that has not
delivered for upward of four decades. They think that operating under
the umbrella of a popular and clean figure they can capture power and
implement whatever formula of rule by 'specialists' they can devise.

These assumptions are quite fallacious. True, the public is disgusted
with the politicians and the system of governance has admittedly broken
down. But politics has nowhere been reformed by individual redeemers.
This can only be done by society as a whole, through a political
process. Individuals with high ideas and noble character have a role but
on the fringe of politics, not in its centre, as generators of ideas,
moulders of opinion, and as role models of responsible citizenship
Therefore, all ideas of dealing with a political crisis through extra-
political means are not worth considering.

Second, it is wrong to assume that a person who excels in any field will
necessarily be a good political leader. If it were such a simple matter,
we could have asked Prof Abdus Salam to take over; nobody questions his
intellectual calibre or his integrity or his welfare zeal. Nobody has
argued that Allama Iqbal would have made a better president of the
Muslim League than Mohammad Ali Jinnah or that Florence Nightingale
should have been a queen. The world rejected Plato's theory of
philosopher-kings long ago. This is not to deny the possible role of an
individual in shaping the political destiny of a people but that
individual has to work through political channels. Other individuals
influencing politics do so from their retreats away from the hustle and
bustle of public affairs.

Further, the history of the world is full of examples to show that hero-
worship and practical politics do not go well together. Look at many
African and Asian heroes of freedom movements and where they and their
people were after years of their rule. The reason is that when much
adulated individuals are entrusted with political authority they
invariably become absolute despots. Nothing has caused humankind greater
misery than the doings of heroes operating under a halo of righteousness
and infallibility.

Thus, those who are trying to plant political ambition in Imran Khan's
heart, or think they are nourishing some seeds already embedded there,
are doing good neither to Pakistan nor to Imran Khan.

Similar is the case with the new critics of Imran. Some PPP zealots have
taken it upon themselves to warn Imran against criticising the Prime
Minister. Some others are doubting his credentials as a welfarist. Now,
like any other citizen Imran has every right to comment on public
affairs. It does not matter that some of his views appear unsound,
immature, or outlandish to others. After all, the public is subjected to
floods of meaningless words day in and day out not only by politicians
but also by intellectuals, academics, journalists, soothsayers and plain
charlatans.

Anybody who disagrees with Imran has a right to express his/her views
but one should not forget that unwarranted personal attacks can derail
even the most composed human beings. We have seen the extraordinary, and
perhaps questionable, reaction of Maulana Abdul Sattar Edhi to a threat
many political and social activists have been living with for years.
Thoughtless carping by Imran Khan's detractors could provoke him into
adopting a posture that will spoil him altogether.

Above all, why is it impossible to realise the principle of division of
labour in a dynamic society? If Imran Khan is trying to be a good
Samaritan, let him be one. If he wishes to open more hospitals. well and
good. If he wishes to set up model educational institutions, so much the
better. If he wants to launch a campaign against corrupt persons, be
they in politics or in industry or elsewhere, what is wrong with that?
It is wrong to entice a welfarist into becoming an active politician or
to push him into becoming one.

If, after everything has been said, Imran Khan wants to enter politics,
he is free to choose the rough and tumble of the political process. But
let him not forget the hazards on this path. Nor should he forget that
those who seek distinction by serving their people without aspiring for
power over them are brighter stars in any national or international
firmament than mere players in the power game.

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950203
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Namaz in a US Chapel
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By Zohra Jalal

Their improvised mosque serves their social and spiritual needs well ...

In Charlottesville, Virginia, the tiny Muslim community prays in the
University chapel, on Fridays. The only space for the saffs is the
chancel, under the crucifix, not facing it but at an angle, qibla being
north-east.

The head of the Islamic Studies Department at the University, a Shia
professor leads us on most Fridays. His locum is a Sunni Bengali
librarian. The absence of the daily azan is sharply felt when one is in
a non-Muslim country and the fact that I will get to hear it, is allure
which tempts me out for the congregational prayers. My favourite muezzin
is an Afghan student who renders it beautifully. Sometimes an American
who was brought up in Egypt and converted to Islam as a boy, chants it
in a Cairene accent. Sometimes a Malaysian student is muazzin and,
despite the fact that he pronounces the soft ta as a hard t, his
rendering sounds refreshing.

The chapel is a tourist attraction, so sometimes visitors look in and
possibly wonder which eastern Christian sect is at its prayers
A Chinese friend wanted to observe our prayers, so she sat in. She
wanted to know why all the women sat at the back. She was intrigued to
see several Caucasian Americans and two African Americans praying with
us. This representativeness of our group is one of its attractions.
There are many Malaysians, several students from the three main
countries of the Subcontinent and several first generation Indians and
Pakistanis. The bulk of the congregation are the men students of the
University.

I have prayed at various Islamic centres in several cities, but except
for the great good fortune of praying in the Haram Sharif itself, it is
with the UVA (University of Virginia) Muslim group that I have found the
most satisfactory atmosphere for prayer and communal feeling.

For one thing, the numbers are few so one is able to recognise the
members individually. The good professor's recital of the prayers brings
tears to the eyes and the scholarly khutba delivered in English, is of a
very different style and theme from the political harangue that issues
from the mosque opposite my house in Karachi. The students find time for
the juma prayers during their lunch break, so punctuality is
scrupulously observed and the khutba and prayers proceed briskly.

There is a high level of tolerance. Shafis, Shias and Sunnis all are
represented in the community, but no one has ever raised any objection
on the choice of imam or the format . Several of the girls wear jeans
and tops and a prayer scarf, which they may remove after the prayer. No
one remarks on or even seems to notice the various degrees of adherence
to the dress code, displayed by different people; It was a great grief
to me to have to witness the bitterness of sectarian feelings rife in
Karachi.

Although some members, like me, are not part of the University
community, per se, yet we are able to participate in the activities of
this Muslim group, far more so, I may add, than I participate in any
religious activities of the neighbourhood mosque. During Ramazan, there
are pot-luck iftars every Saturday. On the two Eids, we meet for
congregational prayers and a party. Children are welcome at every
festivity.

A contingent from the Muslim students of UVA went to Washington to
protest the atrocities in Bosnia. "Women for women in Bosnia", an
organisation which provides aid of various kinds to women refugees
there, has its contacts in UVA and I have been writing to a Muslim
refugee in Splitz, and monetary aid has been given as well. So much more
satisfying than having to watch helplessly as the news brings their
misery into our homes.

Recently, there was talk of raising funds to buy a house for use as a
mosque and community centre in Charlotesville. Here of course it would
be considered as a form of blasphemy, to express any dissent but some
people in Charlottesville, actually have some misgivings as to the
effect it might have on the harmony that prevails in the community at
present. A more formal organisation might provoke some jostling for
power, even some sectarian animosity. A community comprised mainly of
students will not have the funds needed to sustain the centre. Funds are
readily available from many Muslim sources but most come with strings
attached.

My own experience with well-endowed and imposing looking mosques and
centres in various cities has not been very encouraging. Women generally
have to creep in through side entrances. If you are from a non-Arabic
speaking country you are definitely on an inferior level. I was once
spoken to very rudely by a muttawwa looking cleric in London, when I was
searching for the administrative office of the centre. In Daly City,
California, a group of women at the mosque were locked in for fifteen
minutes after prayers were over. We had to bang on the door to be set
free. The reason? There was only one set of stairs, so the gentlemen,
(having reached a highly exalted state after prayers) couldn't risk
sharing the stairs with us, and this was one way of keeping us literally
in our places. As for the mosque in front of my house in Karachi, merely
to pass its main entrance, is to invite hostile appraisal from the
rustic mullahs-in-the making about one third my age and about one tenth
my sense.

I cannot help remembering the occasion, when we have been unable to book
the UVA halls, and local churches have allowed us to use their premises
for our festivities and prayers. There are no facilities in the mosque
opposite my house here for ladies and this is characteristic most
particularly of the sub-continent that mosques are generally regarded
as exclusively male clubs. Happily, there are many Muslim gentlemen,
highly regarded scholars, who do not consider strict adherence to Muslim
dress code the only qualifying condition for women to be treated with
respect and dignity, and most mosques abroad have adequate facilities
for ladies.

So, keeping all this in mind, I wouldn't be too disappointed if the
community centre idea is dropped. The last time I said my prayers in
Charlottesville, for some reason, the chapel was not available. We
prayed in an enclosed garden instead. It was spring. The sun was out. We
spread our sheets on the grass and the rose-pink blossoms of crab apples
fell softly about us.

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950131
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The art of the subcontinent preserved in London Company Art
--------------------------------------------------------------------
By Marjorie Husain

To students of art history, one of the most interesting venues in
London is the India Office Library and Records, attached to the
British Museum Library on Blackfriars Road. Here books, manuscripts,
documents, prints, sculpture and paintings relating to the Far East,
Gulf States and the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent are carefully preserved.

Walking over Blackfriars Bridge towards the British Museum Library and
the India Office Library on a sunny day is an exhilarating experience.
The river Thames, and the old Blackfriars area of London are full of
interest for the student of history. Then entering the archives which
hold material relating to the East India Company and its record, is to
step into the past and a fascinating period. Established in 1600 by
royal charter, the East India Company was an association of English
merchants who fought hard battles with French, Belgium, and Portuguese
traders amongst others, for exclusive trading rights to the
subcontinent. They ensured the safekeeping of Company records by
appointing the Registrar and Keeper of papers and in 1801, setting up a
library to house a growing collection. With the establishment of the
library, active efforts were made to acquire drawings, paintings and
prints for the archives. The Johnson collection of miniatures was
purchased in 1807, and a collection of natural history drawings, known
as the Wellesley Collection, was acquired in 1866. Throughout that
period, numerous other art pieces were presented to the library. A
fascinating narrative of past times is found in the important collection
of photographs preserved, the majority consisting of private collections
taken during the individual donor's period of service with the Company.
At the time of partition, the library and records passed to the
Commonwealth Relations Office, and in 1982, the British Library Board
took on the responsibility for the administration of the collection,
through a trust.

The East India Company gave rise to a new, hybrid form of art known as
Company Art, synthesising elements of east and west. British individuals
stationed in India expected to return home on completion of their term
of service and few were concerned with the aesthetics of the traditional
art of the subcontinent. There were exceptions, men who had the ability
to appreciate the genius of the various schools of miniature painting.
Through these men, many priceless works of art have been preserved.

An important contributor to the collections, Richard Johnson's tenure in
the subcontinent lasted for twenty years, from 1770-1790. During that
time he collected Moghul miniatures of the periods of the emperors Akbar
and Jehangir, and early Deccani paintings from Bijapur and Golconda.
Later miniatures from Rajasthan and Persia are included in the
collection, with a significant addition of sets of Ragamala paintings.
Altogether/ Johnson's collection numbered over one thousand paintings,
all of which are now to be found in the India Office Library. There are
a further six hundred miniatures of various schools of paintings
preserved from Rajasthan and the Punjab hills and plains.

Of the existing collection, the Dara Shikoh album is one of the most
outstanding. It shows the exquisite taste and art awareness of the
tragic Moghul prince, the emperor Shahjehan's eldest and best loved son,
and his chosen heir. Cruelly slain by his ambitious brother who became
the emperor Aurangzeb, one can date the decline in the art of miniature
painting from the death of Dara Shikoh.

In the eighteenth century, oil painting was introduced to the
subcontinent by foreign portrait painters, who began to look eastward
for patronage. Many British painters travelled to the subcontinent,
sketching and painting the varied landscape, little known to Europe at
that time, and the Moghul monuments and Hindu temples proliferating the
land. The artists returned to England where they made etchings of their
work, many to appear in book form. They were the first records of the
subcontinent and ultimately influenced a new style of architecture in
the west.

From the beginning, the East India Company commissioned paintings,
mostly portraits, landscapes and buildings, executed by foreign
painters. The traditional patrons of art, India's nawabs and princes,
gave their patronage to the foreign artists, commissioning great
galleries full of oil painted portraits. Soon local artists assimilated
European methods of perspective, western naturalism and chiaroscuro,
gradually surpassing the Europeans in popularity. They were admired for
their precision and attention to detail, and unlike their European
counterparts, local artists had free access to local customs, trades and
festivals. A new school of art emerged, a synthesis of east and west.
Company Art is a blending of eastern subjects, usually painted on a
small scale using western art methods.

The large collection of drawings of natural history subjects are mostly
from the 18th and 19th centuries, when new varieties of flora and fauna
were being discovered and identified Most of them were made by local
artists for British collectors. The majority were bound into volumes,
each carefully catalogued.

Folk art from the rural areas, including pictures for pilgrims found at
the Kalighat and Jagannatha temples in Calcutta and Puri, scrolls, and
studies to be used for wall paintings. All are part of the invaluable
collection which was catalogued by Mildred and William Archer, and
published in book form.

There is also a large assemblage of drawings by British artists, such as
Thomas and William Daniell, Henry Salt, William Simpson, George Chinnery
and Edward Lear. The bulk of the collection, however is the work of
amateurs, drawing for relaxation and pleasure, or engaged in official
projects such as engineering or archaeological surveys. There are over
four thousand of these drawings. The earliest chiefly recorded the
scenery of Bengal, the Madras Presidency and Mysore. Then from the
1800s, the focus changes. The Punjab, Sindh, Cutch, Gujerat and the
North-West Frontier Provinces are featured. By the middle of the
nineteenth century, holidays were being spant in the Himalayan hill-
stations and in Kashmir. Adventurous souls ventured to Afghanistan,
Ladakh and Tibet. Most of the drawings were presented by the families of
the artists, who took pride in entering the work into the 'Company'
library.

The collection of prints dates from the mid-seventeenth century onwards,
portraits of Indian and British dignitaries, social scenes in India and
landscape. Aquatints by renowned artists such as Hodges, the Daniells',
Baillie, Fraser and Salt contribute to the most comprehensive collection
in existence.

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S P O R T S
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950131
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Zimbabwe ready to seize chance of Test upset
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From Special Representative Qamar Ahmad

HARARE, Jan 30: Since gaining their Test status in 1992 more through
political manoeuvring and less due to cricketing ability, Zimbabwe in 10
Tests that they have played so far, have not won a single one yet and in
quest of that solitary win they will now be taking on Pakistan in the
first of the three Tests starting here at the Harare Sports Club
tomorrow Tuesday.

The result of the series may not be any different but at least once
again they have the opportunity to try and achieve something. In their
inaugural Test played at Harare against India in 1992-93, surprisingly
they dominated the proceedings and had the satisfaction of gaining a
first innings lead of 149 and as the ninth Test-playing country went on
to become the first to avoid a beating in their first-ever Test since
Australia in 1876-77.

But in the one-off Test at home India thrashed them by an innings and 13
runs and won the one-day series 3-0. The same year New Zealand beat them
at Harare by 177 runs to win the two-match series 1-0. In Pakistan in
late 1993 Zimbabwe lost the three match series 2-O, losing the first and
second Test at Karachi and Rawalpindi and drawing the final at Lahore
because of weather interruption.

Their latest three-match series played in the autumn of last year
against Sri Lanka ended in a lacklustre draw in which a batsmen on
either side took the toll of hapless bowlers who strove and struggled

Since that last series against Sri Lanka Zimbabwe has been playing non-
stop cricket and only recently were involved in the World Series in
Australia where they beat England in a limited-over match.

Their twelve named on Sunday for the first Test has all the names that
were expected except two uncapped players Stuart Carlisle and opening
batsman and the Kenyan born 18-year-old fast bowler Henry Olonga who was
called for throwing in the three day match against Pakistan a couple of
days ago and who still holds the Kenyan nationality.

The Pakistan manager Intikhab Alam and the captain Salim Malik have
already showed their concern over Olonga's action and have made an
official complaint to the Zimbabwe Cricket Union chief Don Arnott about
the bowler's mode of delivery. "I am surprised that Olonga has been
picked. We have made our point to the local board officials, says
Intikhab. It will be interesting to see if Olonga makes the final
eleven, he is called for throwing by the Test umpires Ian Robinson and
Mervin Kitchen.

The Zimbabwean batting will revolve round Houghton, their most
experienced player, the brothers Andy Flower and Grant Flower, Mark
Dekker and Alistair Campbell the left-hander who with his dashing
approach had delighted the crowd in Pakistan in 1993.

Guy Whittall scored a century in the three-day match against the
tourists and so did Grant Flower. Malcolm Jarvis, Heath Streak, Olonga
and Whittall and the right-arm leg-spinner Paul Strang will be the
bowlers to test Pakistan's rather unpredictable batting strength.

Pakistan on this tour have to make amends for their dismal display in
South Africa and are determined to wipe the slate clean before arriving
back home at the end of February. In the three-day match against the
President XI, they had a seven-wicket win to start afresh and with a new
resolve. Wasim Akram had bowled with lot of fire and the batsmen,
including Asif Mujtaba, who made a hundred have all looked good.

It is highly unlikely that Pakistan will make any changes in the team
that played in the opening three-day game. Akram Raza's place was in
question but his 5 for 52 in the second innings against the President Xl
has earned him a place. The next few days will be interesting.

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950205
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HISTORY MADE BY ZIMBABWE: Pakistan beaten by innings in Harare Test
--------------------------------------------------------------------
From Special Representative Qamar Ahmad

HARARE, Feb. 4: History was created at the Harare Sports Club when
Zimbabwe thrashed Pakistan in the first of the three Tests by a
humiliating margin of an innings and 64 runs to earn their first-ever
win in a Test of the 11 matches that they have played so far, more so
embarrassing for Pakistan because of the fact that the win was achieved
in the fourth day with 20 minutes and a day still remaining.

Bowling Pakistan out for 322 after they had resumed on 27 for 7 on the
fourth morning, still 23 short of a follow-on, Zimbabwe bowled them out
again for the second time and that too in only two sessions. Zimbabwe
allowed Pakistan only 158 runs in their second knock proving that it
wasn't just a stroke of luck but sheer domination over Pakistan in every
way possible.

After having won the toss they piled up a massive 544 for 4 with the
help of a century each by Andy Flower and Guy Whittall and a double
century by Grant Flower and then devastated the Pakistan line-up in both
innings with the uncanny accuracy of their bowlers who were remarkably
backed up by the fielders who rarely let any opportunity slip.

Heath Streak, the medium-pacer who had 6 for 90 in the first innings to
demolish Pakistan, picked up three more in the second innings for only
15 runs to finish with 9 for 105 to achieve what Zimbabwe aimed at and
cherished to achieve, their first ever Test win.

Helped by David Brain and Guy Whittall, who were as much the partners in
the crime in the second innings while making Pakistan bow down for the
second time, Streak revelled, with success waiting round the corner.
Pakistan's disappointing performance could be gauged by the fact that
they were unable to resist even two full sessions of the fourth day's
play after being bowled out in the first innings before lunch having
added 51 runs to their third day's score.

Inzamam-ul-Haq, who made 71 in the first innings adding 120 for the
seventh wicket with Ijaz Ahmed on the third day and 46 with Wasim Akram
on the fourth morning, was the only one who could walk with his head
high having played another sound innings of 65 in the second, but the
rest only made the numbers and batted as if they were just going through
the motions.

Following on 222 runs behind, Pakistan were 11 without loss at lunch but
were reduced to 35 for 5 before the sixth wicket partnership between
Inzamam-ul-Haq and Rashid Latif produced 96 valuable runs to salvage the
sinking ship.

Inzamam, who came in to bat at the fall of the fourth wicket at 29 was
the sixth man out having made 65, his second 50 of the innings which had
come in with seven fours. His innings, a losing battle along with Rashid
Latif, did bring some respectability to the score but it could not stop
the rampaging Zimbabweans who had dug in deep in the ranks of Pakistan's
rickety batting outfit which has so far brought them tears and shame and
the likelihood is that this tour may continue to be as much painful for
the Pakistan squad.

There was no discipline and decorum as far as the Pakistan batting was
concerned. They can be excused for being out in the first innings after
attempting desperately to avoid the inevitable but in the second innings
they seemed to be sluggish, slow and sloppy instead of making a fight.
They preferred to fall on the tip of their own sword while playing shots
uncharacteristic and unworthy of people who don the cap of their
country.

Saeed Anwar, Asif Mujtaba and Ijaz Ahmed played suicidal shots off
Whittall and David Brain. Aamir Sohail was out to a smart catch by
Campbell and Salim Malik received a gem of a delivery from Brain who had
started the slide and finished 3 for 50. The rest, including Inzamam and
Rashid, who repaired the damage after Pakistan was 35 for 5, were as
much guilty of slipshod mode of dismissals.

"We didn't play well and I am absolutely disappointed," said Salim
Malik, a statement which sums up all. "For us it's a great moment and
a stride towards better things", said a happy Zimbabwean captain Andy
Flower who was the joint Man of the Match along with his brother
Grant.

ZIMBABWE (first innings) 544-4 declared (G. Flower 201 not out, A.
Flower 156, Whittall 113 not out).
PAKISTAN (first innings) (overnight 271 for seven)

Aamir Sohail c Houghton b Brain ..............61
Saeed Anwar c A. Flower b Olonga ............ 8
Akram Raza c Whittall b Streak ................19
Asif Mujtaba c Carlide b Streak ................2
Salim Malik c Carlide b Whittall ............... 32
Ijaz Ahmed c G. Flower b Streak ............ 65
Rashid Latif c Campbell b Whittall........... 6
Inzamam ul Haq c G. Flower b Streak ....... 71
Wasim Akram c Carlisle b Streak ...........27
Kabir Khan not out ..........................2
Aqib Javed Lbw b Streak ......................0
Extras (b-3, Ib-4, w 9, nb l3) ................29
TOTAL (124 overs) 322
FALL OF WICKETS: 1-36, 2-82, 3-88, 4-131, 5-135, 6-151, 7-271, 8-317, 9-
322, 10-322.
BOWLING: Streak 39-11-90-6, Brain 27-4-94-1 (3w, 10nb), Olonga 10-0-27-1
(5w, 1nb), Whittall 29-10-49-2 (1w, 1nb) Strang 15-5-45-0 (1nb) Dekker
4-0-10-0.

PAKISTAN ( Second innings)
Aamir Sohail c Campbell b Brain ..............5
Saeed Anwar lbw b Whittall.................7
Asif Mujtaba b Brain ............4
Salim Malik c A. Flower b Brain ................6
Ijaz Ahmed c Brain b Streak .....................2
Inzamam-ul-Haq c A. Flower b Whittall... 65
Rashid Latif c Houghton b Whittall..........38
Wasim Akram c Dekker b Strang ............... 19
Akram Raza not out ........................2
Kabir Khan b Streak ...........................0
Aqib Javed b Streak .............................2
Extras (w-2, nb4) ...............................8
TOTAL (62 overs) 158
FALL OF WICKETS: 1-13, 2-16, 3-26, 4-29, 5-35, 6-131, 7-142, 8-156, 9-
156, 10-158.
BOWLING: Brain 16-4-50-3 (4nb), Streak 11-4-15-3 (1w), Strang 19-7-35-1,
Whittall 16-3-58-3 (w-l, nb-2).
RESULT: Zimbabwe won by an innings and 64 runs.
MAN OF THE MATCN': Grant and Andy Flower (shared).
SECOND TEST: 7-12 Feb. Bulaway.
THIRD TEST: 15-20 Feb. Harare.

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950203
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Decisions make all the difference
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By Omar Kureishi

THE PAKISTAN team finds itself in a no-win situation in Zimbabwe. If it
should wallop Zimbabwe, not many cricket fans will turn cartwheels of
delight. If, on the other hand, it is walloped, it will confirm our
worst fears. That something is amiss. It is not the fact that Pakistan
lost the Nelson Mandela Trophy and the one-off test match, it is the
fact that it lost with such emphatic margins and seemingly without
offering any resistance, that has caused the esteem of the team to
plummet to rock-bottom. Such is the disillusionment that the public is
prepared to believe every nasty rumour including media reports of rifts
in the team.

The excuses being offered by Salim Malik and Intikhab Alam are simply
not being accepted. They are, in any case, pretty lame excuses. Much
better had they said that Pakistan had been outplayed and given all the
credit to the opponents. There is no disgrace in losing to a better
team. Intikhab is an incorrigible optimist. Even when Pakistan was set
490 to win, he sat with the radio commentator and actually calculated
the run rate at which Pakistan would have to score to win. I am all for
optimism but not for wishing for the moon.

The selection committee that picked the team was given its marching
orders as soon as it had finalised it. There were one or two players
that had been included who could not just be justified which meant that
one or two deserving ones were left behind. Ataur Rehman had not been
picked but was sent as a cover for Wasim Akram. When Wasim Akram joined
the team, Ataur Rehman was sent back. But when Waqar Younis became
unfit, Aamir Nazir was flown out. Why was he not sent as a cover for
Wasim Akram? As it is Aamir Nazir played in the test match in
circumstances that would qualify for the record-book. He flew from
Karachi to Johannesburg and landed at 9 a.m. on the morning of the Test.
He came straight from the airport to the ground and about an hour later
was bowling in the Test. I am not at all surprised that he broke down
after bowling a few overs. Why could he not have been sent earlier when
it had become known that Waqar Younis was doubtful starter ? There seems
to have been a communication breakdown between the team management and
headquarters, both parties obviously unaware that there is a perfectly
good telephone and fax facility available between the two countries.

It was not just mistakes made in the selection that resulted in the
thrashing Pakistan received. What seemed to be missing was team spirit.
The matches were not televised in Pakistan so one was not able to see
the facial expressions of the Pakistan players as they surrendered one
after the other. Was there anguish and disappointment? Was there a show
of regret at the appalling shots to which the batsmen got out? Salim
Malik in the first innings and Inzamamul Haq in the second made a fight
of it but the others batted like novices which they are not.

It was not my intention to go through a post-mortem of the South Africa
tour but it becomes necessary because not a single new player was
blooded on the tour. Yet the World Cup is only a year away. I hope it
is not Pakistan's intention to defend the title with the team that
toured South Africa. I have already advocated that we should get a
think-tank of some of outstanding former players and they should be put
in charge without any further delay and they should start to prepare the
team. A squad of 20 could be picked now out of which the World Cup team
should be selected. All other plans should be held in abeyance. Quite
frankly the one-day squad that we have at present does not have a prayer
of retaining the World Cup and this should be a matter of greatest
concern. There is not a top class spinner in sight and there seems to be
some sort of mystery about Abdul Qadir. Is he or is he not fit? We are
entitled to a straight forward answer. Apart from Wasim Akram and Waqar
Younis, even the fast bowling department looks thin. When the
Australians were in Pakistan, we went backwards and played Mohsin Kamal.
He bowled well but obviously not well enough for he was unceremoniously
dumped for the South Africa tour. He just did not figure in the
reckoning. Then Manzur Elahi re-surfaced, was taken to South Africa but
did not play. And so on. What Pakistan needs to do is to look at
Australia. They brought Bevan and Fleming to Pakistan and gave them Test
caps. Having retained The Ashes they have played Blewelt and McIntyre.
This is called forward planning. There seems to be a great deal wrong
but I would say, not with the team. The policy-makers must start making
policies instead of excuses.

A key player in Pakistan's hockey triumph in the World Cup was the Dutch
Physio. Had the team had an equivalent in South Africa, the chances are
that Waqar Younis would have' been fit. These sort of decisions make the
difference between a winning and a losing team.

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