Perilous Times
U.S. Tomahawk Missiles Deployed Near China Send Strong Message
By MARK THOMPSON / WASHINGTON
Fri Jul 9, 12:15 am ET
Time Magazine
If China's satellites and spies were working properly, there would have
been a flood of unsettling intelligence flowing into the Beijing
headquarters of the Chinese navy last week. A new class of U.S.
superweapon had suddenly surfaced nearby. It was an Ohio-class
submarine, which for decades carried only nuclear missiles targeted
against the Soviet Union, and then Russia. But this one was different:
for nearly three years, the U.S. Navy has been dispatching modified
"boomers" to who knows where (they do travel underwater, after all).
Four of the 18 ballistic-missile subs no longer carry nuclear-tipped
Trident missiles. Instead, they hold up to 154 Tomahawk cruise missiles
each, capable of hitting anything within 1,000 miles with non-nuclear
warheads.
Their capability makes watching these particular submarines especially
interesting. The 14 Trident-carrying subs are useful in the unlikely
event of a nuclear Armageddon, and Russia remains their prime target.
But the Tomahawk-outfitted quartet carries a weapon that the U.S.
military has used repeatedly against targets in Afghanistan, Bosnia,
Iraq and Sudan. (See pictures of the U.S. military in the Pacific.)
That's why alarm bells would have sounded in Beijing on June 28 when
the Tomahawk-laden 560-ft. U.S.S. Ohio popped up in the Philippines'
Subic Bay. More alarms were likely sounded when the U.S.S. Michigan
arrived in Pusan, South Korea, on the same day. And the Klaxons would
have maxed out as the U.S.S. Florida surfaced, also on the same day, at
the joint U.S.-British naval base on Diego Garcia, a flyspeck of an
island in the Indian Ocean. In all, the Chinese military awoke to find
as many as 462 new Tomahawks deployed by the U.S. in its neighborhood.
"There's been a decision to bolster our forces in the Pacific," says
Bonnie Glaser, a China expert at the Center for Strategic and
International Studies in Washington. "There is no doubt that China will
stand up and take notice."
U.S. officials deny that any message is being directed at Beijing,
saying the Tomahawk triple play was a coincidence. But they did make
sure that news of the deployments appeared in the Hong Kong–based South
China Morning Post - on July 4, no less. The Chinese took notice
quietly. "At present, common aspirations of countries in the Asian and
Pacific regions are seeking for peace, stability and regional
security," Wang Baodong, spokesman for the Chinese embassy in
Washington, said on Wednesday. "We hope the relevant U.S. military
activities will serve for the regional peace, stability and security,
and not the contrary." (See pictures of the most expensive military
planes.)
Last month, the Navy announced that all four of the Tomahawk-carrying
subs were operationally deployed away from their home ports for the
first time. Each vessel packs "the firepower of multiple surface
ships," says Captain Tracy Howard of Submarine Squadron 16 in Kings
Bay, Ga., and can "respond to diverse threats on short notice."
The move forms part of a policy by the U.S. government to shift
firepower from the Atlantic to the Pacific theater, which Washington
sees as the military focus of the 21st century. Reduced tensions since
the end of the Cold War have seen the U.S. scale back its deployment of
nuclear weapons, allowing the Navy to reduce its Trident fleet from 18
to 14. (Why 14 subs, as well as bombers and land-based missiles
carrying nuclear weapons, are still required to deal with the Russian
threat is a topic for another day.) (See "Obama Shelves U.S. Missile
Shield: The Winners and Losers.")
Sure, the Navy could have retired the four additional subs and saved
the Pentagon some money, but that's not how bureaucracies operate.
Instead, it spent about $4 billion replacing the Tridents with
Tomahawks and making room for 60 special-ops troops to live aboard each
sub and operate stealthily around the globe. "We're there for weeks, we
have the situational awareness of being there, of being part of the
environment," Navy Rear Admiral Mark Kenny explained after the first
Tomahawk-carrying former Trident sub set sail in 2008. "We can detect,
classify and locate targets and, if need be, hit them from the same
platform."(Comment on this story.)
The submarines aren't the only new potential issue of concern for the
Chinese. Two major military exercises involving the U.S. and its allies
in the region are now under way. More than three dozen naval ships and
subs began participating in the "Rim of the Pacific" war games off
Hawaii on Wednesday. Some 20,000 personnel from 14 nations are involved
in the biennial exercise, which includes missile drills and the sinking
of three abandoned vessels playing the role of enemy ships. Nations
joining the U.S. in what is billed as the world's largest-ever naval
war game are Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Indonesia,
Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Peru, Singapore and
Thailand. Closer to China, CARAT 2010 - for Cooperation Afloat
Readiness and Training - just got under way off Singapore. The
operation involves 17,000 personnel and 73 ships from the U.S.,
Singapore, Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the
Philippines and Thailand. (See "Hu's Visit: Finding a Way Forward on
U.S.-China Relations.")
China is absent from both exercises, and that's no oversight. Many
nations in the eastern Pacific, including Australia, Japan, Indonesia,
South Korea and Vietnam, have been encouraging the U.S. to push back
against what they see as China's increasingly aggressive actions in the
South China Sea. And the U.S. military remains concerned over China's
growing missile force - now more than 1,000 - near the Taiwan Strait.
The Tomahawks' arrival "is part of a larger effort to bolster our
capabilities in the region," Glaser says. "It sends a signal that
nobody should rule out our determination to be the balancer in the
region that many countries there want us to be." No doubt Beijing got
the signal.