Perilous Times
Millions of Pakistani kids risk waterborne disease
By ASIF SHAHZAD
The Associated Press
Sunday, August 29, 2010; 2:45 PM
PABBI, Pakistan -- Five-year-old Shahid Khan struggled to remain
conscious in his hospital bed as severe diarrhea threatened to kill
him. His father watched helplessly, stricken at the thought of losing
his son - one of the only things the floods had not already taken.
The young boy is one of millions of children who survived the floods
that ravaged Pakistan over the last month but are now vulnerable to a
second wave of death caused by waterborne disease, according to the
United Nations.
Khan's father, Ikramullah, fled Pabbi just before floods devastated the
northwestern town about a month ago, abandoning his two-room house and
all his possessions to save his wife and four children.
"I saved my kids. That was everything for me," said Ikramullah, whose
6-year-old son, Waqar, has also battled severe diarrhea in recent days.
"Now I see I'm losing them. We're devastated."
Ten other children lay in beds near Khan at the diarrhea treatment
center run by the World Health Organization in Pabbi, two of whom were
in critical condition.
Access to clean water has always been a problem in Pakistan, but the
floods have made the situation much worse by breaking open sewer lines,
filling wells with dirty water and displacing millions of people who
have been forced to use the contaminated water around them.
The environment is especially dangerous for children, who are more
vulnerable to diseases such as diarrhea and dysentery because they are
more easily dehydrated. Many children in Pakistan also suffered from
malnutrition before the floods hit, leaving them with weakened immune
systems.
The Pakistani government and international aid groups have worked to
get clean water to millions of people affected by the floods and treat
those suffering from waterborne diseases. But they have been
overwhelmed by the scale of the disaster, which has displaced a million
more people in recent days.
The floods started in the northwest in late July after extremely heavy
monsoon rains and surged south along the Indus River, killing more than
1,600 people, damaging or destroying more than 1.2 million homes and
inundating one-fifth of the country - an area larger than England.
Some 3.5 million children are at imminent risk of waterborne disease
and 72,000 are at high risk of death, according to the United Nations.
The World Health Organization set up the diarrhea treatment center in
Pabbi about a week ago with the help of several other aid groups.
Workers have already treated more than 500 patients, mostly children,
said Asadullah Khan, one of the doctors.
Some of the patients have been treated multiple times because broken
sewer lines have contaminated the water in the town's wells and pipes,
said the doctor. "It is circulating the disease again and again," he
said.
The aid groups set up a similar treatment facility several days ago in
Nowshera, a city adjacent to Pabbi that was also engulfed by the
floods. Residents who have begun to return in recent days have
encountered a scene of total destruction: caved-in houses and streets
covered with mud and debris.
Most of the population lacks access to clean water, and mosquitoes have
proliferated in stagnant floodwater around the city, raising the risk
of malaria. Government help is nowhere to be found.
"It is trash, dirt, germs and odd smells everywhere," said Zahid Ullah,
whose 3-year-old and 10-year-old sons were being treated for
gastroenteritis at the facility in Nowshera. "It is a big danger."
Even at the hospitals where the diarrhea treatment centers have been
set up, mobs of flies hovered around the patients despite attempts by
staff to kill them.
The World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund
appealed to the world on Saturday to provide water purification units,
family hygiene kits and other items needed to increase access to clean
water in Pakistan.
Guido Sabatinelli, the head of the World Health Organization in
Pakistan, said the international community's help was critical to help
Pakistan avoid a second wave of death from waterborne disease.
"We are fearing the epidemic of disease," said Sabatinelli. "Access to
safer water, potable water" is critical, he said.
Asma Bibi couldn't agree more. The young mother searched in vain for
clean water on the outskirts of Nowshera as her feverish 2-month-old
son, Ehtesham, sweltered in a tent set up for flood victims. They had
run out of water the day before.
"My son is sick. He hasn't breast-fed in two days," she said. "He needs
milk. He needs water."