Perilous
Times
2nd Jewish Temple just 'waiting to be unearthed' -
Archaeologist 'absolutely sure' structure beneath
Jerusalem's holy mount
Posted: June 05, 2011
News From Israel
Temple Mount in Jerusalem
One of the most prominent Israeli archaeologists declared today
that remains from the First and Second Jewish Temple period –
including the Second Temple itself – lie underneath the Temple
Mount surface, just waiting to be excavated.
Dr. Eilat Mazar of Hebrew University accused the site's Islamic
custodians of destroying Jewish artifacts while attempting to turn
the Temple Mount into a "giant mosque."
"I think we will find all the remains starting from the First
Temple period and remains of the Temple itself," said Mazar, a
third-generation archeologist. "I mean, no one took it out, it's
there."
Mazar said she is "absolutely sure" remains from the First and
Second Temple periods, including "the Second Temple itself," as
well as later remains from the Byzentine and early Islamic
periods, are just under the surface of the Temple Mount.
Continued Mazar: "I am absolutely sure, in light of my very rich
experience excavating Jerusalem for 30 years now, all these
remains are waiting to be revealed. And if it can't be done
nowadays because of all kinds of sensitivities, at least we should
take care that it won't be ruined for future excavations when time
comes."
Mazar heads the excavation department at the City of David, an
archaeological village at the foot of the Temple Mount said to be
the place where King David built his palace and established his
capital.
Mazar has led digs that discovered multiple Temple-era remains,
including a tunnel used by the Israelites to conquer Jerusalem, as
well as the world's largest ritual bath.
She accused the Waqf, the Islamic custodians of the Temple Mount,
of destroying temple artifacts while attempting to turn the Temple
Mount into a "giant mosque."
Mazar was speaking to Klein in light of the recent publication of
a report by Israeli State Comptroller Micha Lindenstrauss, which
included a special, largely secret section accusing the Wafq of
disposing of Jewish artifacts.
Citing security concerns, the majority of the special report on
the mount was not published, but the small portion made public
revealed severe deficiencies in Israeli oversight of Islamic
construction that has been done on the mount.
The report fingered four Israeli state agencies – the police, the
Antiquities Authority, the Jerusalem municipality and the Justice
Ministry – for not doing enough to conduct continuous supervision
of Wafq construction.
"Protection of artifacts from the Temple Mount and preventing
their ruin is a public goal of the first order," the report
states. "It is important to note that any digging and other works
on the Temple Mount must be conducted in consideration of the
character of the place and after receiving all required permits
and meeting all archeological guidelines. As a rule, use of heavy
machinery should be avoided."
The reference to heavy machinery referred to a decision in 2007 by
then-Prime Minister Ehud Olmert to allow the Waqf to use a heavy
tractor to dig a 1,300-foot trench around the periphery of the
Mount. The Waqf claimed the trench was necessary to replace
electrical cables outside mosques on the site.
At the time, the Waqf was accused of destroying artifacts it found
at the site.
Allowing the use of bulldozers at any sensitive archaeological
site is extremely unusual, particularly at the Temple Mount, which
experts say contains sealed layers of artifacts as shallow as two
to three feet below the surface.
The mount never has been properly excavated. Heavy equipment could
easily damage any existing artifacts, stressed Israeli experts at
the time, who asserted the area should be excavated slowly and
carefully by hand.
History of destruction
The last time the Waqf conducted a large dig on the Temple Mount –
during construction in 1998 of a massive mosque at an area
referred to as Solomon's Stables – the Waqf reportedly disposed of
truckloads of dirt containing Jewish artifacts from the First and
Second Temple periods.
After media reported the disposals, Israeli authorities froze the
construction permit given to the Waqf, and the dirt was
transferred to Israeli archaeologists for analysis.
The Israeli authorities found scores of Jewish Temple relics in
the nearly disposed dirt, including coins with Hebrew writing
referencing the Temple, part of a Hasmonean lamp, several other
Second Temple lamps, Temple-period pottery with Jewish markings, a
marble pillar shaft and other Temple period artifacts.
Mazar's earlier find
In 2008 Mazar and a team of archaeologists unearthed what's
believed to be the royal seal of an Old Testament prince who is
said to have tossed the prophet Jeremiah down a well.
Royal seal bears name of Gedaliah, a prince to Judah's King
Zedekiah, mentioned in the Old Testament Book of Jeremiah.
(courtesy Dr. Eilat Mazar)
The stamped engraving, known as a "bulla," was discovered about
600 feet south of the Temple Mount in clay, astonishingly
well-preserved, bearing the name of Gedaliah, the son of Pashur.
"How absolutely fantastic and special this find is can only be
realized when you hold in your hand this magnificent
one-centimeter piece of clay and know that it survived 2,600 years
in the debris of the destruction, and came to us complete and in
perfect condition," Mazar said.
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Gedaliah is mentioned by name in Jeremiah 38:1 as he served
Judah's King Zedekiah in the final days before Jerusalem was
conquered by Babylon's King Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C.
The prophet's writings tell of the actions that Gedaliah and his
fellow princes took against him:
"Then took they Jeremiah, and cast him into the dungeon of
Malchiah the son of Hammelech, that was in the court of the
prison: and they let down Jeremiah with cords. And in the dungeon
there was no water, but mire: so Jeremiah sunk in the mire."
(Jeremiah 38:6)
The letters on the seal are in ancient Hebrew, and Mazar said
that the relic was recovered through a wet-sifting process. She
says the method was learned after the "illegal excavations" by the
Waqf, the Islamic custodians of the Temple Mount, who have been
dumping debris in huge mounds.
"The wet sifting that we did for the destruction debris from our
excavations indeed allowed us to uncover hundreds of different
kinds of small finds such as tiny fish bones, Phoenician glass
beads, Hebrew, Babylonian and Egyptian bullae and seals, pits and
seeds, hematite and limestone weights, arrowheads, figurines,
jewelry and more," she said.
She added, "It is not very often that such a discovery happens to
archaeologists in which real figures of the past shake off the
dust of history and so vividly revive the stories of the Bible."