ermm....no is the simple answer. Look at the specifications of the
arduino board and you'll see that there's only a microcontroller
there, not a microprocessor (bit of a difference). However, you can
use Android to control and arduino board and generate I/O with it. On
it's own, it's about as powerful as the microcontroller that sits in
front of the accelerometer in your average phone...
Regards
John