noun/verb 1st syllable/2nd syllable
Michael J Hardy
on the first syllable and verbs when the accent is on the second
syllable. A few are actually two-word phrases. And a few don't
_quite_ fit the pattern: "envelope" and "envelop" differ in spelling,
as do "unit" and "unite". And with "intercept" and one other, the
alternation is between first and third rather than first and second.
But I can only suspect that somehow they are stored in the same
corner of the brain.
Am I missing any? (I suspect the answer is I'm missing some
really obvious ones.)
Mike Hardy
abstract
addict
address
advert
affect
affix
annex
array (In some dialects, this word belongs in this list.)
combat
combine
compact
compost
compound
compress
conduct
confines
conflict
conscript
console
consort
construct
consult
contest
contract
contrast
converse
convert
convict
crack down
decrease
default
defect
detail
dismount
dispatch (?)
dispute (?)
envelope envelop
essay
exploit
export
extract
fall out
finance
hand out
impact
implant
import
impound
incense
incline
increase
insert
insult
intercept ( Here the alternation is between 1st & 3rd rather than 1st & 2nd. )
interchange
issue ( In some dialects? )
make up
object
overcount
overlook ( 1st & 3rd again. )
parole (?)
perfect ( But that's an _adjective_. )
permit
pervert
present
procede
produce
progress
project
protest
purpose
recall
recap
record
refund
refuse
regress
reject
relapse
remake
research
retake
retard
retract
subject
survey
suspect
transform
transplant
transpose ( Maybe non-mathematicians never use this as a noun? )
transport
undercount
unit unite
update
uplift
upset
Dennis Bathory-Kitsz
>
> Am I missing any? (I suspect the answer is I'm missing some
> really obvious ones.)
Interrupt. Probably others ... did you have a slow day? Phew.
Dennis
J. W. Love
In America, that's a verb. The noun is one word: _fallout._
<<hand out>>
Likewise, the noun is one word: _handout._
Similarly (verb on left, noun on right):
black out, blackout
carry out, carryout
cook out, cookout
drop out, dropout
hang out, hangout
knock out, knockout
look out, lookout
put out, putout
shut out, shutout
stake out, stakeout
take out, takeout
try out, tryout
turn out, turnout
walk out, walkout
There's a pattern here, methinks!
Another set involves stress and vowel-phonology. The verbs have an early
syllable with primary stress but end on a syllable with secondary stress; the
other forms seem not to have the secondary stress. As pronounced (but not as
spelled), the final vowels of each pair differ:
advocate (v.), advocate (n.)
alternate (v.), alternate (adj., n.)
appropriate (v.), appropriate (adj.)
approximate (v.), approximate (adj.)
coordinate (v.), coordinate (adj.)
deliberate (v.), deliberate (adj.)
disconsolate (v.), disconsolate (adj.)
duplicate (v.), duplicate (n.)
legitimate (v.), legitimate (adj.)
separate (v.), separate (adj.)
There must be more. You get the idea.
Richard Fontana
> Here is a list of 96 words that are nouns when the accent is
> on the first syllable and verbs when the accent is on the second
> syllable. A few are actually two-word phrases. And a few don't
> _quite_ fit the pattern: "envelope" and "envelop" differ in spelling,
> as do "unit" and "unite". And with "intercept" and one other, the
> alternation is between first and third rather than first and second.
> But I can only suspect that somehow they are stored in the same
> corner of the brain.
>
> Am I missing any? (I suspect the answer is I'm missing some
> really obvious ones.)
I think there are a lot more. Just some comments on some of them:
> address
In my dialect, both noun and verb "address" have stress on the second
syllable.
> annex
In my dialect, both noun and verb "annex" have stress on the first syllable.
> default
I usually stress the second syllable of "default" even when it's a noun.
> detail
I sometimes pronounce the noun with stress on the second syllable, I think
depending on the shade of meaning.
> dispatch (?)
Same as for "detail". If you do something "with dispatch", the stress is on
the first syllable, but "a dispatch" might have stress on the second.
> dispute (?)
In my dialect the noun is stressed on the second syllable, as with the verb.
> finance
I sometimes hear the noun stressed on the second syllable, but I think I'd
generally stress the first. I think stressing the noun on the first
syllable in the US can seem pretentious.
> issue ( In some dialects? )
I've only heard the verb stressed on the first syllable.
> parole (?)
I've only heard the noun stressed on the second syllable.
> procede
I think you mean "proceed".
> protest
The verb is often stressed on the first syllable in American English -- this
could be a sort of back-verbing (people are re-inventing the verb from the
noun).
> purpose
I'd only expect the verb to be stressed on the first syllable, but it's not
one I'd say or hear very often.
> research
Some people stress the noun on the second syllable; I think outside of North
America this is usual.
> survey
I'd stress the verb on the first syllable.
> update
I'd stress the verb on the first syllable.
Aaron J Dinkin
> Michael J Hardy wrote:
>
>> detail
>
> I sometimes pronounce the noun with stress on the second syllable, I think
> depending on the shade of meaning.
What about the verb? I usually would pronounce both the noun and the verb
with stress on the first syllable. How would you stress "detailed", the
participial adjective (as in "a detailed report")?
>> dispatch (?)
>
> Same as for "detail". If you do something "with dispatch", the stress is on
> the first syllable, but "a dispatch" might have stress on the second.
Really? I would stress last syllable in "with dispatch". I can't decide
how I would stress "a dispatch".
>> finance
>
> I sometimes hear the noun stressed on the second syllable, but I think I'd
> generally stress the first. I think stressing the noun on the first
> syllable in the US can seem pretentious.
Really? I would have said stressing "finance" on the second syllable can
seem pretentious. And what about the verb? I'd stress both verb and noun
"finance" on the first syllable.
>> protest
>
> The verb is often stressed on the first syllable in American English -- this
> could be a sort of back-verbing (people are re-inventing the verb from the
> noun).
Yes, and then it's in a specialized meaning of 'engage in a formal
protest'. 'Express an objection' is still stress on the second syllable, I
think.
>> purpose
>
> I'd only expect the verb to be stressed on the first syllable, but it's not
> one I'd say or hear very often.
I'd only expect to hear the verb stressed on the second syllable. In my
experience, the verb "purpose" is very easy to confuse with "propose".
>> research
>
> Some people stress the noun on the second syllable; I think outside of North
> America this is usual.
I can't decide whether I'd stress the verb on the first or second
syllable, either (though in my usage I'd always stress the first syllable
of the noun).
>> survey
>
> I'd stress the verb on the first syllable.
In the sense of 'conduct a survey [i.e., a poll]', certainly - another
case of a noun being re-verbed. But what about 'look over'? "Master of all
I survey" has a strongly dactylic rhythm to me.
-Aaron J. Dinkin
Dr. Whom
Richard R. Hershberger
"Richard Fontana" <rfon...@wesleyan.edu> wrote in message
news:Xns90CAA1980E6A2r...@207.217.77.25...
> > address
>
> In my dialect, both noun and verb "address" have stress on the second
> syllable
Some dialects use stress to distinguish between the sense of a speech, as in
"The Gettysburg Address" with the stress on the second syllable, and that of
a postal address, with the stress on the first syllable. Or perhaps this is
merely an intermediate phase between the historical pronunciation with the
stress on the second syllable and the modern (i.e. last few centuries)
tendency to move it to the first syllable for nouns. There is a brief
discussion of this phenonemon in Jean Aitchison, "Language Change: Progress
or Decay?" pp. 81-83.
Richard R. Hershberger
Richard Fontana
> Richard Fontana <rfon...@wesleyan.edu> wrote:
>
>> Michael J Hardy wrote:
>>
>>> detail
>>
>> I sometimes pronounce the noun with stress on the second syllable, I
>> think depending on the shade of meaning.
>
> What about the verb? I usually would pronounce both the noun and the
> verb with stress on the first syllable. How would you stress
> "detailed", the participial adjective (as in "a detailed report")?
I think I'd usually, and probably always, stress the verb on the first
syllable.
>>> dispatch (?)
>>
>> Same as for "detail". If you do something "with dispatch", the stress
>> is on the first syllable, but "a dispatch" might have stress on the
>> second.
>
> Really? I would stress last syllable in "with dispatch". I can't decide
> how I would stress "a dispatch".
I think I misspoke about "dispatch". I think I'd be at least as likely to
stress the last syllable in "with dispatch". And I think I'd stress the
"dis" in "a dispatch".
>>> finance
>>
>> I sometimes hear the noun stressed on the second syllable, but I think
>> I'd generally stress the first. I think stressing the noun on the
>> first syllable in the US can seem pretentious.
>
> Really? I would have said stressing "finance" on the second syllable
> can seem pretentious.
The "first" in my second sentence there should be read as "second"
(otherwise I'd be confessing to being generally pretentious, something I'd
never do).
> And what about the verb? I'd stress both verb and
> noun "finance" on the first syllable.
I think I'd stress the verb on the first syllable.
>>> purpose
>>
>> I'd only expect the verb to be stressed on the first syllable, but
>> it's not one I'd say or hear very often.
>
> I'd only expect to hear the verb stressed on the second syllable. In my
> experience, the verb "purpose" is very easy to confuse with "propose".
I'm not sure I've ever heard it said.
>>> research
>>
>> Some people stress the noun on the second syllable; I think outside of
>> North America this is usual.
>
> I can't decide whether I'd stress the verb on the first or second
> syllable, either (though in my usage I'd always stress the first
> syllable of the noun).
I think for me stressing the first syllable is more natural for both noun
and verb.
Richard Fontana
> Aaron J Dinkin wrote:
>
>> Richard Fontana <rfon...@wesleyan.edu> wrote:
>>>> purpose
>>>
>>> I'd only expect the verb to be stressed on the first syllable, but
>>> it's not one I'd say or hear very often.
>>
>> I'd only expect to hear the verb stressed on the second syllable. In
>> my experience, the verb "purpose" is very easy to confuse with
>> "propose".
>
> I'm not sure I've ever heard it said.
MWol and AHD4ol seem to imply that the verb as well as the noun receive
Joe Fineman
--- Joe Fineman j...@world.std.com
||: To be born is to fall down the chimney of a strange house. :||
Michael J Hardy
posted it?
> address
Actually, when I mean a postal address, I sometimes pronounce
this with the accent on the first syllable, and sometimes the second.
When I think of a president's address to Congress, it's definitely
the second. When it's a verb, it's always the second.
> annex
Richard Fontana surprised me as much with this one as when he
said a few weeks ago that he pronounces "electricity" as "electrizzity".
For me there's no ambiguity at all about the fact that this one fits
the theme perfectly.
> array (In some dialects, this word belongs in this list.)
(But not mine.)
> confines
An odd one. I don't think this is used as a noun without the
final "s".
> default
This one I pronounce with the accent on the second syllable
regardless of whether it's a noun or a verb, but I know that for some
people this one fits in.
> finance
This one is less emphatic about its inclusion here when it
speaks to me deep inside my brain somewhere.
> issue ( In some dialects? )
I don't know the answer to my parenthetical question.
> parole (?)
I always say this with the accent on the second syllable, but
I've heard that for some people, it fits.
> protest
This one is also less insistent in my mind, on inclusion here.
But I know that for some other people there's no doubt.
> research
This one actually confused me for some years.
> transform
> transpose ( Maybe non-mathematicians never use this as a noun? )
I'm also not sure if "transform" is used as a noun, with the
accent on the first syllable, outside of a mathematical context.
Mike Hardy
Richard Fontana
>> transform
>> transpose ( Maybe non-mathematicians never use this as a noun? )
>
> I'm also not sure if "transform" is used as a noun, with the
> accent on the first syllable, outside of a mathematical context.
According to the OED, it was picked up in linguistics (thanks to Chomsky,
who used it in his dissertation) and in geology.
For "transpose", the OED indicates that the oldest meaning, "transposition",
is "obsolete rare". The mathematical usage is listed second, dated at 1937;
no other definition is given.
Tim Coleman
mjh...@mit.edu wrote:
> Here is a list of 96 words that are nouns when the accent is
> on the first syllable and verbs when the accent is on the second
> syllable.
> A few are actually two-word phrases. And a few don't
> _quite_ fit the pattern: "envelope" and "envelop" differ in spelling,
> as do "unit" and "unite". And with "intercept" and one other, the
> alternation is between first and third rather than first and second. But
> I can only suspect that somehow they are stored in the same corner of
> the brain.
>
> Am I missing any? (I suspect the answer is I'm missing some
> really obvious ones.)
>
I'm not so sure about "compost". The primary stress is on the first
syllable as a noun or a verb in my idiolect, and MWCD10 doesn't show
a pronunciation with primary stress on the second syllable.
--
Tim Coleman <t...@epenguin.org> [43.28 N 80.31 W]
Software Developer/Systems Administrator/RDBMS Specialist/Linux Advocate
BMath, Honours Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo
"Go to Heaven for the climate, Hell for the company." -- Mark Twain
Evan Kirshenbaum
> Michael J Hardy wrote:
>
> >> transform
> >> transpose ( Maybe non-mathematicians never use this as a noun? )
> >
> > I'm also not sure if "transform" is used as a noun, with the
> > accent on the first syllable, outside of a mathematical context.
>
> According to the OED, it was picked up in linguistics (thanks to
> Chomsky, who used it in his dissertation) and in geology.
Really? We always used "transformation". In programming, there's the
"Schwartzian transform":
@sorted_by_size =
map { $_->[0] }
sort { $a->[1] <=> $b->[1] }
map { [$_, -s] }
@files;
http://www.5sigma.com/perl/schwtr.html
named after Randal Schwartz, although I believe the idea is a fair bit
older. For those of you who don't read Perl, it's basically
(define (st-sort f s)
(map car
(sort (lambda (a b)
(< (cdr a) (cdr b)))
(map (lambda (x)
(cons x (f x)))
s))))
It's functionally equivalent to
(sort (lambda (a b) (< (f a) (f b))) s)
but a *lot* more efficient if f is expensive.
--
Evan Kirshenbaum +------------------------------------
HP Laboratories |Any programming problem can be
1501 Page Mill Road, Building 1U |solved by adding another layer of
Palo Alto, CA 94304 |indirection. Any performance
|problem can be solved by removing
kirsh...@hpl.hp.com |one.
(650)857-7572
Michael J Hardy
> For "transpose", the OED indicates that the oldest meaning,
> "transposition", is "obsolete rare". The mathematical usage
> is listed second, dated at 1937; no other definition is given.
As I use the terms in mathematics, "transposition" is the
act of transposing, and "transpose", a noun with the accent on the
FIRST syllable, is the _result_ of transposing.
The American Heritage Dictionary says "transpose" is used as
a noun in music and mathematics, but does not say that when it's a
noun, then the accent is on the first syllable.
Mike Hardy
Michael J Hardy
> > address
>
> In my dialect, both noun and verb "address" have stress on the second
> syllable.
I am now noticing that, although when I use this as a verb, the
accent is always on the second syllable, when I use it as a noun, my
pronunciation wanders all over the place. I think it may depend on
what part of the sentence it's in.
Mike Hardy
Neil Coffey
> > According to the OED, it was picked up in linguistics (thanks to
> > Chomsky, who used it in his dissertation) and in geology.
>
> Really? We always used "transformation".
Wasn't there the term "surface transform" used to denote
the result of transformation operations on a particular
underlying structure. This was back in the days of the
underlying/surface structure dichotomy, of course. Don't
know that it would be used much nowadays.
Neil
R H Draney
news:3B386A6D...@ox.compsoc.net...
In mathematics, the noun "transform" is used both for the operation itself
("Laplace transform" comes to mind) *and* for the result of that
operation...context is enough to determine which is intended in a given
instance, and for those times when it is not, the operation and its result
are often thought of as aspects of a single thing, so it doesn't matter
which is meant....r
Gary Williams
> > annex
>
> For me there's no ambiguity at all about the fact that this one fits
> the theme perfectly.
I grew up in northeastern Missouri, in a city that was frequently in
the process of trying to enlarge its boundaries. All the politicians
and news announcers accented both noun and verb on the first syllable,
IIRC. Your pronunciation would not, I think, have sounded really,
really odd, but might have been thought slightly affected.
Gary Williams
Aaron J Dinkin
> As I use the terms in mathematics, "transposition" is the
> act of transposing, and "transpose", a noun with the accent on the
> FIRST syllable, is the _result_ of transposing.
>
> The American Heritage Dictionary says "transpose" is used as
> a noun in music and mathematics, but does not say that when it's a
> noun, then the accent is on the first syllable.
But do you agree that it is?
Neil Coffey
> > Wasn't there the term "surface transform" used to denote
> > the result of transformation operations on a particular
> > underlying structure. This was back in the days of the
> > underlying/surface structure dichotomy, of course. Don't
> > know that it would be used much nowadays.
>
> In mathematics, the noun "transform" is used both for the operation itself
> ("Laplace transform" comes to mind) *and* for the result of that
> operation...
Agreed (cf. also "Fourier transform operation"). However, I
think in syntax, one would tend to reserve "transformation"
for denoting an operation. To describe the result, one would
probably just say "the result of the transformation", "the
intermediate structure resulting from this transformation".
*But* one would also tend to specify the type of transformation
anyway, so that you'd end up saying "the result of this
merge", "the result of this move".
Neil
Michael J Hardy
> > The American Heritage Dictionary says "transpose" is used as
> > a noun in music and mathematics, but does not say that when it's a
> > noun, then the accent is on the first syllable.
>
> But do you agree that it is?
Absolutely. At least in mathematics, "transpose" is a noun when
the accent is on the first syllable and a verb when it's on the second.
I don't know how the word is used in music. So it's a flaw in that
dictionary.
Mike Hardy
K. Edgcombe
>
>> > The American Heritage Dictionary says "transpose" is used as
>> > a noun in music and mathematics, but does not say that when it's a
>> > noun, then the accent is on the first syllable.
>>
>> But do you agree that it is?
>
>
> Absolutely. At least in mathematics, "transpose" is a noun when
>the accent is on the first syllable and a verb when it's on the second.
Confirmed for the UK also. The same applies to "transform", incidentally.
>I don't know how the word is used in music. So it's a flaw in that
>dictionary.
>
I've never come across "transpose" use as a noun in music; maybe this is a US
thing. But if I saw it written, I would be able to guess what was meant and I
would stress the first syllable.
Katy
Aaron Davies
Is the noun used outside of geekdom?
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