The Use Of Probiotics For Children With Autism
pautrey2
The Use Of Probiotics For Children With Autism
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
We were one of the founder families of the group of parents which
subsequently became PEACH. There were only 30 or so families in the UK
doing ABA Programmes with their children back then in 1996. I remember
our first meeting in London when we decided to form a charity and were
all thinking what name to give it. It seems like a century has passed
since then. Some children have done extremely well, some not as well,
but everybody involved acknowledges how powerful the programme is in
pulling our children out of autism.
Over the years, apart from gaining a lot of knowledge in behaviour
modification we have learned a lot about the biochemistry and
physiology of autism and how to manipulate it with diet and
supplementation. If only we knew then what we know now! We can't turn
the time back for our children. But we can pass this knowledge to
others who have just had the devastating diagnosis of Autism announced
to them. Unfortunately, there will be more and more coming as the
incidence of autism is increasing rapidly.
We have learned that many diseases and conditions including autism
begin with dysfunction in the digestive tract. A crucial part of the
digestive tract are the beneficial bacteria that live there, which
weigh around 1.5kg. Without them we simply can not be healthy. The
functions of normal gut flora, known to science so far, are multiple
and far reaching.
Normal balanced gut bacteria:
· have a protective and barrier role against invasive
pathogenic micro-organisms by producing antibiotic-like substances,
antifungal volatiles (AFV), and surfactins that dissolve the lipid
membrane of envelope viruses and bacteria .
· play a major role in the digestion and absorption of all
nutrients.
· provide a major source of nourishment and energy for the gut
lining.
· synthesise various aminoacids, vitamin K, panthotenic acid,
thiamin, riboflavine, niacin, folic acid, piridoxine, and
cyancobalamine.
· play an important role in recycling of bile acids and normal
cholesterol metabolism.
· play a major immuno-modulating role by stimulating antibody
production, interferon synthesis, and inhibition of IgA degradation
(IgA is secreted into the lumen of the digestive tract in response to
approaching food and is essential for the proper digestion of that
food).
This microscopic world within us is highly organised. In healthy
people it is dominated by certain "good" bacteria which keep under
control a huge variety of pathogenic "bad" bacteria.
For whatever yet unknown reason, autistic children develop deficient
gut flora. While purely breast fed, these children may be developing
quite well, as mother's milk is the easiest thing on Earth for the
baby to digest and absorb and it provides that essential initial
immune protection to keep the "bad" bacteria under control. But, as
these babies get weaned off the breast to other foods, things start
going terribly wrong. Lacking properly established "good" bacteria in
the gut, so essential for appropriate food digestion and absorption,
an autistic child starts developing multiple nutritional deficiencies
(vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids and fatty acids) which have
got a drastic effect on it's development. In parallel, pathogenic and
opportunistic microbes, not being controlled by weakened "good"
bacteria, grow into big colonies and transform into active states
(like in the case of Candida which transforms from its inactive one
cell state into highly invasive micelle).
This growth produces a whole host of toxic substances which go into
the blood stream and, to put it simply, poison the baby. The
developing brain is particularly sensitive to these "poisons" as well
as to the nutritional deficiencies. As a result, whatever skills the
baby has developed, while exclusively breast fed, are gradually lost,
there is no normal development of language, comprehension, behaviour
etc. - all of which you are very familiar with.
Putting the gut flora right is the first and the most important step
in the right direction in treating autism! Gut flora is a living
organism very sensitive to the diet, quality of drinking water
(chlorinated water is very damaging, it is best to drink bottled
mineral water or install a good water filter), antibiotics, steroids,
vaccines and stress. A diet full of sugars, wheat, processed foods and
soft drinks with all the colorants, flavourings and preservatives not
just alters gut flora by feeding the pathogenic microbes, but changes
the whole body metabolism altering its pH towards acidic. This has got
far reaching and immediate consequences: altering the brain chemistry
and altering microbial flora in other body areas (skin, upper and
lower respiratory tract, vagina, bladder etc.) which predisposes
children to eczema, asthma, ear infections and colds and has a direct
damaging effect on the immune system. Diet on its own is a very
powerful tool in helping an autistic child. But to normalise the gut
flora a strong probiotic is needed. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria
in a capsule. Unfortunately, many probiotics on the market are weak
and not very effective. A probiotic called Bio-Kult contains a unique
combination of bacteria very effective in eliminating Candida and
other pathogenic species and restoring normal gut flora. It is used by
many families with autistic children in the UK and Europe with good
results. This probiotic has got strong immuno-stimulating properties.
It has been recorded that people with food intolerance after using Bio-
Kult start tolerating foods they used to be allergic to. This
probiotic also is said to increase absorption of nutrients which
addresses the nutritional deficiency problem of autistic children. Bio-
Kult contains 14 strains of the most effective beneficial bacteria,
including soil bacteria, and is UKAS Laboratory certified at a
strength of 10 Billion Units per Gram. It has been designed with
children in mind, because it is very easy to administer. It dissolves
in drinks without discolouring them, it can be mixed with food, and it
has got a slightly sweet taste. It also complies with all dietary
restrictions being gluten, casein, lactose, yeast, wheat, sugar, salt,
and dairy free, as well as being in vegetable based capsules. I was a
member of the scientific team who formulated this product, and I was
able to bring to it not only my medical and nutritional knowledge, but
also my experience as a parent of a child with autism who from being
diagnosed at three as autistic, is now in mainstream school.
Parents Opinions
Nevin Penny
I have a 7,5 years old autistic son. Since we started Bio-Kult, Ronny
became much more affectionate and happy. We have been doing an ABA
programme with him for 2 years now. He has no language but since using
Bio-Kult he started to point at things spontaneously, which he has
never done before, and his understanding of language and what is going
on around him got much better. Before Bio-Kult Ronny was taking
Nystatin for 2 years and every time we tried to stop it he would have
quite violent withdrawal symptoms. Since taking Bio-Kult we were able
to stop Nystatin completely, and the withdrawal of it was amazingly
mild. I recommend Bio-Kult to all my friends with autistic children.
Kerry & Andrew Harris
Our daughter Sophie was diagnosed on the mild end of the Autistic
spectrum
in March 1999.
An ABA programme was commenced in June 1999. Sophie progressed
extremely
well on the programme, showing consistent improvement.
We also commenced a GF/CF diet, which appears to have helped a great
deal
with her language development and concentration skills.
We still however felt that we were "missing something" at that point.
We
had researched the use of probiotics, and when we noticed Cambridge
Probiotics Ltd. in the AIA newsletter, we contacted them immediately.
We were given all of the relevant information required, and at first
decided to try
Primal Defense with Sophie (she has since switched to Bio-Kult with no
transitional problems).
It was straightforward to include into our daily routines, in fact
simple
compared to commencing a GF/CF diet !!!!!! We were warned that Sophie
may
go through a period of irritability and suffer mood swings after about
three weeks.
We were reassured that this was a good sign, that the probiotic was
having
an effect, and that this would not last for long.
This was definitely the case. Sophie was decidedly "out of sorts" for
about three days and since then she has shown increasing improvement
in her
concentration, listening skills and tolerance. We did not inform
anyone (especially her
nursery) about her taking Bio-Kult, as we were keen to establish
whether
there was any objectively noticed improvement, in the absence of any
sort of
"Bias".
We were delighted when the nursery staff reported that Sophie had
shown a
huge improvement in her ability to concentrate, to stay on task and to
tolerate difficult situations. One member of staff enquired: "What
have you done
with her???" This was about six weeks after she had started Bio-kult.
This
has been sustained for four months now. Needless to say, she will
continue taking Bio-kult.
If anyone wishes to contact us about our experiences, please do so via
Cambridge Probiotics
Chafica Gharbieh
Dear Natasha
Thank you very much for introducing us to Bio-Kult it is working
really well for Ali. Although we were using primal defense before, but
switching to Bio-Kult helped Ali tremendously. On primal defense Ali
had to take up to 15 capsules a day (Ali cant take capsules we had to
mix the powder with water), and on primal defense his bowel movement
was ok but not consistent.
As for Bio-Kult, Ali takes 6 small capsules a day, the powder has a
pleasant taste and Ali likes it. After a few days on the Bio-Kult
Ali's bowel movements improved so much and now it is normalized. Ali
has been on gluten and milk free diet for more than three years. It
was ok but introducing the Bio-Kult along side the yeast free diet
(high protein and specific carbohydrates diet) worked even better, it
worked extremely well. Ali started putting on weight (4 pounds) and
eating food he would not even touch before, got his rosy cheeks back
(he had them when he was 1 year old) and he started demanding
spontaneously for food, items and anything he needs.
I could not believe it a week ago, Ali started taking his nappy off
indicating he is ready for toilet training, on the first day of
training (this Monday) Ali started demanding to go to wee
spontaneously.
I must admit I was a bit hesitant about using Bio-Kult instead of
primal defense, but now from my own experience it is definitely
working better.
Thank you very much for your help. Ali is now a very happy child and
this is due to your advice and efforts
Re: Michael (Family Name withheld at their request)
Michael has been taking Bio-Kult probiotics for two months. Towards
the end of this time we have seen improvements in Michael. During
these two months we saw a period during which Michael became jumpy and
easily excitable. He also developed itchy skin rashes on his arms and
hands. For two days Michael developed redness on his face and ears.
He also had a lot of diarrhoea which has more or less settled down.
This was the "die off" period.
The improvements we have seen have been most noticeable in his Lovaas
sessions, particularly during the last two weeks when we have noticed
an improvement in his fine motor skills. He learnt to sting buttons
within two days, and he can now cut along a line of approximately 3
inches. Another notable improvement has been in his expressive
labels.
He surprised me one day by expressively labelling five pictures in a
row. This has been a particularly hard programme for Michael, which we
have been struggling with for several months. He has now added
several more expressive labels to his repertoire and I hope this
continues. In general all his learning has improved and his behaviour
appears more sociable.
It is early days with the probiotics, but there have been no other
changes made to his diet or lifestyle, which could account for these
improvements.
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
ivor titekunt
> http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
>
> The Use Of Probiotics For Children With Autism
> By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
>
> We were one of the founder families of the group of parents which
>>>>>>>>>>>>SNIP SHITE<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
What the fuck are you posting pages of shit for?
If you want to give your bloody 'tard a fucking yogurt, then do so,
but we REALLY do not need to know about.
pautrey2
Kook,
Go Join A Freak Show!
On Oct 24, 11:58 am, ivor titekunt <ivortitek...@googlemail.com>
wrote:
ivor titekunt
> > What the fuck are you posting pages of shit for?
>
> Kook,
>
> Go Join A Freak Show!
>
>
What the fuck do you mean by that, you complete cunt?
Did you actually enjoy reading that fucking advert?
If so maybe you could do everyone a favor and consider voluntary
euthanasia
Twat
pautrey2
> Did you actually enjoy reading that fucking advert?
> If so maybe you could do everyone a favor and consider voluntary
> euthanasia
> Twat
Kook (Freak),
What do you think it means?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder
On Oct 24, 12:05 pm, ivor titekunt <ivortitek...@googlemail.com>
wrote:
Paul McCock
Better than being a fucking 'tard
pautrey2
> Better than being a fucking 'tard
Excerpt From:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 F60.2
ICD-9 301.8
MeSH D000987
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD or APD) is defined by the
American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
as "...a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the
rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and
continues into adulthood."[1] The individual must be age 18 or older,
as well as have a documented history of a conduct disorder before the
age of 15.[1] People having antisocial personality disorder are
sometimes referred to as "sociopaths" and "psychopaths", although some
researchers believe that these terms are not synonymous with ASPD.[2]
Paul McCock
Thanks for that.
You Cunt
pautrey
> You Cunt
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pottymouth
http://www.wiredsafety.org/cyberstalking_harassment/itsacrime.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCD
Yawn!
> You Cunt- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -
Paul McCock
>
> Yawn!
>
> On Oct 24, 2:03 pm, Paul McCock <ivortitek...@googlemail.com> wrote:
>
>
>
> > On Oct 24, 6:39 pm, pautrey2 <rpautr...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > > On Oct 24, 12:15 pm, Paul McCock <ivortitek...@googlemail.com> wrote:
>
> > > > Better than being a fucking 'tard
>
> > > Excerpt From:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder
>
> > > Antisocial personality disorder
> > > Classification and external resources
> > > ICD-10 F60.2
> > > ICD-9 301.8
> > > MeSH D000987
>
> > > Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD or APD) is defined by the
> > > American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
> > > as "...a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the
> > > rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and
> > > continues into adulthood."[1] The individual must be age 18 or older,
> > > as well as have a documented history of a conduct disorder before the
> > > age of 15.[1] People having antisocial personality disorder are
> > > sometimes referred to as "sociopaths" and "psychopaths", although some
> > > researchers believe that these terms are not synonymous with ASPD.[2]
>
> > Thanks for that.
>
> > You Cunt- Hide quoted text -
>
> > - Show quoted text -
You really should get a fucking life, bloody 'tards with nowt better
to do than take hand-outs and post links to shite all day.
Cunts, the lot of you, instead of all this talk of kicking out the
immigrants, they should put you useless 'tards on a 'plane and fuck
you all off instead. At least a lot of the immigrants are useful.
The only good 'tard is a dead 'tard
pautrey
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=moron
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=dodo
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=loon
On Oct 25, 7:29 am, Paul McCock <ivortitek...@googlemail.com> wrote:
> On Oct 24, 7:55 pm, pautrey <pautr...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> > > Thanks for that.
> > > You Cunt
>
> >http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=pottymouthhttp://www.w...
> The only good 'tard is a dead 'tard- Hide quoted text -
Happy Oyster
<ivorti...@googlemail.com> wrote:
>On Oct 24, 4:35�pm, pautrey2 <rpautr...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
>>
>> The Use Of Probiotics For Children With Autism
>> By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
>>
>> We were one of the founder families of the group of parents which
>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>SNIP SHITE<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
>
>What the fuck are you posting pages of shit for?
Well, let's put it like this: it is his state of mind...
.
--
Das Schrotgewehr Gottes
http://www.ariplex.com/ama/ama_gott.htm
pautrey
> On Sat, 24 Oct 2009 09:58:16 -0700 (PDT), ivor titekunt
>
> >On Oct 24, 4:35 pm, pautrey2 <rpautr...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >>http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
>
> >> The Use Of Probiotics For Children With Autism
> >> By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
>
> >> We were one of the founder families of the group of parents which
>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>SNIP SHITE<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
>
> >What the fuck are you posting pages of shit for?
>
> Well, let's put it like this: it is his state of mind...
> .
> --
> Das Schrotgewehr Gottes
>
> http://www.ariplex.com/ama/ama_gott.htm
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=moron
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=dodo
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=loon
Stephen Wilson
"pautrey2" <rpau...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:66e9db3a-70a8-4e20...@p9g2000vbl.googlegroups.com...
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
>
>We have learned that many diseases and conditions including autism
>begin with dysfunction in the digestive tract.
<snip>
>Putting the gut flora right is the first and the most important step
>in the right direction in treating autism!
Rubbish. Complete claptrap. That's like saying that people using umbrellas
causes it to rain. People use umbrellas *because* it rains, not vice versa.
Similarly, the observation that many people with autism have some digestive
issues does not mean that it is some kind of digestive dysfunction that
caused the autism. Autism is a disorder of the brain. No amount of dietary
supplementation will change that.
Have you ever heard of the term "comorbid"?
In actual fact, there is no evidence that autistic children suffer from
gastrointestinal problems any more than non autistic children, although it
may be the case that autistic children are fussier about what they eat which
could result in a less than optimum diet in some cases.
Putting gut flora right may help autistic children feel less uncomfortable.
But it won't cure them.
pautrey2
<stephen.wilson2004nos...@ntlworld.com> wrote:
> "pautrey2" <rpautr...@gmail.com> wrote in message
>
> news:66e9db3a-70a8-4e20...@p9g2000vbl.googlegroups.com...http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunatic
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=know+it+all (#2 & #3)
pautrey2
The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
We were one of the founder families of the group of parents which
subsequently became PEACH. There were only 30 or so families in the UK
doing ABA Programmes with their children back then in 1996. I remember
our first meeting in London when we decided to form a charity and were
all thinking what name to give it. It seems like a century has passed
since then. Some children have done extremely well, some not as well,
but everybody involved acknowledges how powerful the programme is in
pulling our children out of autism.
Over the years, apart from gaining a lot of knowledge in behaviour
modification we have learned a lot about the biochemistry and
physiology of autism and how to manipulate it with diet and
supplementation. If only we knew then what we know now! We can't turn
the time back for our children. But we can pass this knowledge to
others who have just had the devastating diagnosis of Autism announced
to them. Unfortunately, there will be more and more coming as the
incidence of autism is increasing rapidly.
We have learned that many diseases and conditions including autism
Normal balanced gut bacteria:
Putting the gut flora right is the first and the most important step
Stephen Wilson
Hmm. I notice you're very good at copying and pasting. You don't seem to
have much to say yourself though. So here's one for you (pay particular
attention to the Second Law):
http://rationalwiki.com/wiki/DeMyer's_Laws
pautrey2
The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
We were one of the founder families of the group of parents which
subsequently became PEACH. There were only 30 or so families in the UK
doing ABA Programmes with their children back then in 1996. I remember
our first meeting in London when we decided to form a charity and were
all thinking what name to give it. It seems like a century has passed
since then. Some children have done extremely well, some not as well,
but everybody involved acknowledges how powerful the programme is in
pulling our children out of autism.
Over the years, apart from gaining a lot of knowledge in behaviour
modification we have learned a lot about the biochemistry and
physiology of autism and how to manipulate it with diet and
supplementation. If only we knew then what we know now! We can't turn
the time back for our children. But we can pass this knowledge to
others who have just had the devastating diagnosis of Autism announced
to them. Unfortunately, there will be more and more coming as the
incidence of autism is increasing rapidly.
We have learned that many diseases and conditions including autism
Normal balanced gut bacteria:
Putting the gut flora right is the first and the most important step
Parents Opinions
Nevin Penny
Kerry & Andrew Harris
Chafica Gharbieh
Dear Natasha
On Oct 26, 5:00 pm, "Stephen Wilson"
> >http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=know+it+all(#2 & #3)
>
> Hmm. I notice you're very good at copying and pasting. You don't seem to
> have much to say yourself though. So here's one for you (pay particular
> attention to the Second Law):http://rationalwiki.com/wiki/DeMyer's_Laws- Hide quoted text -
Stephen Wilson
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
>
>The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
>
>By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
http://blog.plantpoisonsandrottenstuff.info/2008/04/20/gaps-a-pile-of/
Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride, quacktitioner extraordinaire and author of Gut
and Psychology Syndrome (GAPS) believes that salicylates and SLAs are 'high
in antioxidants' and 'help the body to detox'. Apparently ADHD and other
behavioural symptoms are the result of the 'detox' which is of course 'good
for you'. She recommends a gluten-free, casein-free, high
salicylate/amine/glutamate diet to 'cure' autism and ADHD.
I came across a few blog posts from some poor soul who has been duped into
doing GAPS by the bloody idiots at the Weston A. Price Foundation for
various symptoms of ill health that rightly ought to be treated with a
hospital monitored failsafe elimination diet. I'll run through the sorry
tale:
"I had no idea that doing the GAPS diet would be so hard for me and on my
family. I have lived without gluten for almost two years and dairy for 6
months so I thought."hey I can live on soup for awhile"..hahaha..yeah right!
I totally underestimated the power food has over my life and the power of
the bad bacteria in my gut. This has truly been the hardest week of my life
(besides giving birth).
[...]
I belive the reason this has been so hard for me was because my body had
great difficulty expelling the toxic waste from my body (constipation) and
going into the diet thinking that I would be able to add new things quickly.
When I began feeling some constipation issues I immediately noticed my skin
starting to itch terribly (I think the toxins were trying to get out any way
possible), my nursing daughter woke up with bumpy skin rash/eczema, and I
experienced severe mood swings and terrible gas. I literally felt like the
dead bacteria in my body were producing some sort of gas that was rocketing
into my brain. I almost went to the hospital yesterday to get on
anti-depressants. I was really starting to freak my self out. Thankfully my
husband has been supportive but there has been some very hard times for us
all. Oh another thing..my 12month old wakes every two hours at night crying.
I've tried letting her cry herself to sleep but she literally continues to
cry for hours so I finally go in to nurse her and she sleeps for a few hours
and wakes again. This type of sleep is NOT good for either of us. In case we
were not already feeling crappy, now we are purely exhausted. This is enough
reason for me to want to get us better. I know her sleep troubles are diet
related. I'm starting over"
Despite this appalling and perhaps even dangerous reaction to the diet, this
poor woman persists:
"It has been a solid two weeks since beginning our probiotic Bio-Kult by Dr.
Natasha Campbell McBride. And at least 4 weeks since beginning the GAPS diet
of bone broth soups, veggies, meat, beet kvass, ginger tea, fermented
veggies, ghee galore, coconut oil, cod liver oil, some nuts, apple/pear
sauce and fresh veggie juices."
Could this diet be any higher in food chemicals? I can just imagine what
they are going to do to this poor woman.
"I'll list the positive improvements for Ani and I first: I've gained 12lbs,
Ani only wakes twice a night and my bowel movements are pretty regular,
coming once a day.
Because I began with two bio-kults per day and lots of coconut oil (major
candida killer), Ani and I have had head cold type symptoms for last two
weeks. Yesterday I began only taking 1 capsule per day and really cut down
on the coconut oil. Today we both seem better but I really have to stay
consistent with detoxing. We drink a small glass of fresh
carrot/celery/beet/cilantro/garlic juice after waking (btw..beets are the
best liver cleansers in the world, cilantro is known to expel metal toxicity
and garlic kills bad bacteria), I'm drinking lots of beet kvass, and bone
broth with ginger (another powerful anti-microbial) and of course eating
lots of soups!! Despite these measures, I'll admit that both Ani and I have
die-off coming out of every area in our bodies. Ani has eczema on her legs
and neck, she has a runny nose, watery eyes, and some emotional issues every
so often. I have a runny nose, my ear aches a little, sporadic mood swings,
and exhaustion."
You would think that these classic food chemical intolerance symptoms would
clue this poor woman in that perhaps she should avoid these unpleasant and
reactive foods. Her child has broken out in eczema for heaven's sake. But
no:
"But these are all good signs really, because they present that things are
taking place internally. They show me that I really need to work on my liver
health and encourage the bad bacteria to be flushed out before traveling
into my blood stream. I'm amazed that one capsule of bio-kult is doing so
much when Dr. McBride encourages working up to 8 capsules per day and then
tapering back down to 4 for maintenance. I'm also amazed by the power of
coconut oil in killing candida.
With all my discoveries on this diet I really am beginning to think that
probiotics should be slowly administered after a few weeks eating an SCD or
anti-candida diet otherwise there is too much die-off at one time causing
the body to be overloaded with toxins.
Well anyways, I must end by saying that I'm so happy to be getting better
even though at times it seems like we are just suffering. Detoxing and
Die-off"
The alleged 'power of coconut oil in killing candida' is actually this poor
woman experiencing horrible physical reactions to coconut oil, which are
brought on because it is very high in salicylates and SLAs. In the cult of
candida-land, this translates as being 'a herx' and 'it means you are
getting better'. I am just amazed how people do such horrible things to
their bodies and still think they are doing themselves some good.
What happens a week later?
"Though, I thoroughly love Dr. Natasha Campbell McBride and her work and her
probiotics, I have currently disowned her procedure for healing leaky gut.
Why? A few reasons, firstly, doing the diet as well as the probiotics (even
in the tiniest amount) was too harsh on my body. Maybe a young child who has
not had candida for very long could handle her method very well but for my
own damaged gut, my body had difficulty expelling the toxins. Instead, the
toxins were hitch-hiking through my blood stream. And somehow into my
nursing daughter's system too."
The author has been recruited by bonkers Bee Wilder and her anti-candida
diet and is now eating a high fat, low carbohydrate diet. The diet is lower
in food chemicals, but still relatively high compared to a normal diet.
"After just a day or so on this new path, I felt so energized, strong and
capable, so happy! It took a little while to balance my blood sugar levels
until I learned that I wasn't getting enough fat. I no longer have any blood
sugar issues and my impulsive food cravings (usually for a handful of nuts)
has disappeared. I can go longer between meals (I had been eating every
other hour). I went running yesterday with my babe and daughter. Jason said
I'm much more delightful. No more intense die-off, just a little here and
there. A shift"
I also experience the same energy rush and increased tolerance to food
chemicals on a high fat, low carbohydrate diet. And I assure you it has
nothing to do with candida and everything to do with the reasons the
ketogenic diet is used to treat intractable epilepsy in children. But just
like me, this woman is never going to feel truly 'right' on this diet.
How are things going lately?
"Last week we went out to dinner and I ordered a thai salad. Though
everything on it was ok (besides the dressing which I'm sure had sugar in
it) the lettuce was raw and my gut is not ready for raw greens. I seem to do
ok with a small amounts of fermented veggies like pickled ginger root and
pickled garlic and any sauted veggies. But eating raw greens while healing a
damaged gut is like eating sand paper, it is very irritating. I felt
terrible for about 36 hours after that dumb mistake. My stomach hurts"
She's blaming all of her problems on tiny mistakes like slightly too many
carbohydrates or too much fibre, just like I used to. Actually, the problem
is the extremely high chemical Thai dressing she has eaten.
Another tragic victim of WAPF's promotion of quack cures over science.
Stephen Wilson
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
>
>
>
>The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
>
>By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
http://blog.plantpoisonsandrottenstuff.info/2008/04/20/gaps-a-pile-of/
pautrey2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberstalking
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunatic
On Oct 26, 2:02 pm, "Stephen Wilson"
<stephen.wilson2004nos...@ntlworld.com> wrote:
> "pautrey2" <rpautr...@gmail.com> wrote in message
>
> news:66e9db3a-70a8-4e20...@p9g2000vbl.googlegroups.com...http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
pautrey2
http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/reprint/228/6/639
Full Text HTML:
http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/full/228/6/639
Intestinal Pathophysiology in Autism
John F. White1
Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Autism is a life-long developmental disorder affecting as many as 1 in
500 children. The causes for this profound disorder are largely
unknown. Recent research has uncovered pathology in the
gastrointestinal tract of autistic children. The pathology, reported
to extend from the esophagus to the colon, is described here along
with other studies pointing to a connection between diet and the
severity of symptoms expressed in autism. The evidence that there is
impaired intestinal permeability in autism is reviewed, and various
theories are discussed by which a leaky gut could develop. Lastly,
some possible ways in which impaired gastrointestinal function might
influence brain function are discussed.
Key Words: autism • intestine • casein • celiac disease • endoscopy •
gluten • glycosaminoglycan • immunoglobulin • secretin • vaccine
Introduction
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Autism is the most prevalent of a subset of disorders organized under
the umbrella of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Autism is a
serious developmental disorder characterized by profound deficits in
language, communication, and socialization, resistance to learning,
and displays of stereotypical behavior including perseveration. The
disorder is accompanied by mental retardation in three out of four
patients (1). Boys are three times more likely than girls to receive
the diagnosis. One out of three autistic individuals experience
epileptic seizures (2). The diagnosis of autism is usually conferred
when the child is 2 to 3 years old after extensive evaluation
according to the criteria of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM-
IV) (3). The children either exhibit a failure to advance from birth
or, after a period of apparently normal growth, suffer a loss of newly
acquired skills (language, eye-to-eye contact, and sociability). The
latter pattern, seen in about one-third of autistic children (4), is
referred to in different terms, including "regressive autism" (5).
It is generally agreed that there are multiple causes for autism. Some
of the causes of autism are well established, including a strong
genetic link in the cases, of tuberous sclerosis, fragile X, and some
other disorders (1). The view that there is a strong genetic basis for
the disorder stems from the observation that siblings of autistic
offspring have a higher incidence of autism than the general
population. A strong genetic link has been particularly inferred from
studies of autistic children born as twins. Thus, monozygotic
(identical) twins demonstrate a concordance for autism exceeding 90%
(6). The concordance of less than 100% has been interpreted as
evidence that some other factor such as an environmental challenge
must be congruent with the genetic susceptibility before the disorder
is expressed (7). Recently, the apparently large strength of the
genetic influence in autism was called into question when a database
of information on a large cohort of families having at least two
siblings with autism was evaluated. A remarkably high proportion of
twin pairs was observed. For example, there was a 10-fold greater
frequency of monozygotic twins than the highest population frequencies
that could be expected. It was concluded that twins have an increased
risk of autism. Accordingly, Greenberg et al. (8) suggested that
earlier estimates of the role of genes in autism, predicated in part
on the twin data, may have been overstated, i.e., it was not
appreciated that the incidence is higher in twins. Furthermore, it was
concluded that the influential genes may reside in the parents genome
rather than that of the autistic offspring (8). For example,
environmental conditions in the womb such as competition for nutrients
may be the greater influence.
Notwithstanding these interesting new findings, the cause of the
disorder for the great majority of autistic individuals has not been
determined. The term "autistic syndrome" is intended to describe a
pattern of similar behaviors produced by a variety of different
insults. The need to understand the causes of autism and the
underlying pathophysiology has become more acute since the number of
diagnosed cases has risen markedly in recent years (9–11). Gillberg
and Wing (12) reviewed studies originating from several different
countries in the period from 1966 to 1997 and reported that 18 studies
of non-U.S. populations showed a highly significant (P < 0.001)
increase in prevalence of autism of 3.8% per year. In a more recent
review, Wing and Potter (13) offered evidence that, historically,
autism has been underdiagnosed. They attributed most of the rise in
the incidence of autism to changes in diagnostic criteria and
increasing awareness of autism spectrum disorders. However, they
acknowledged the possibility "that there is a real and continuing
rise" in the number of cases. Unfortunately, the number of well-
controlled clinical studies of the autistic population that have
provided clues to the etiology of the disorder are very limited.
Possibly, a breakthrough will result after publication of several
studies reporting new observations of significant gastrointestinal
pathology in autism or in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (14–
17). In this review, the new observations, particularly those on the
intestinal tract, are described, as well as earlier studies indicating
a link between gastrointestinal function and autism. Possible
scenarios that could produce the impaired intestinal function are
discussed, and some possible ways in which altered gut function could
influence behavior are considered. Recent efforts to identify
potential susceptibility genes for autism are not discussed in this
review. The hope of the author is that this review will serve to spur
interest in the study of gastrointestinal function as it relates to
autism. The ultimate goals are to understand the etiology of autism
and to provide clinical remedies for this severely handicapping
disorder.
Children with Autism Have Gastrointestinal (GI) Pathology
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
In a study published in 1998, 12 children diagnosed with autism (all
of the regressive pattern) and exhibiting a variety of GI ailments,
including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloating, were examined
extensively (14). The GI symptoms had developed coincident with the
onset of autistic behavior, according to the parents. Endoscopy
revealed that 10 of the 12 children displayed ileal lymphoid nodular
hyperplasia (LNH). Lymph nodules are encapsulated bodies lying within
the submucosa of the intestinal wall. Lymph nodules contain
lymphocytes and neutrophils. The fluid absorbed from the intestinal
lumen by the action of the absorptive epithelial cells is filtered
through the lymph nodes. Here, antibodies are formed. Of the 12
children, eight also displayed abnormalities in the mucosa, the region
consisting of the absorptive epithelium, underlying connective tissue,
and muscularis mucosae. Mucosal abnormalities included granularity,
loss of vascular pattern, and patchy erythema (nonspecific colitis).
The findings were supported by histological examinations of mucosal
biopsies. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and
electroencephalography (EEG) revealed no neurological abnormalities in
the children.
In a more recent publication, these same researchers reported their
observations on an expanded group of 60 children affected with various
developmental disorders (15). The subject group included 50 children
diagnosed with autism (including the 12 children from the original
study) as well as five with Asperger’s syndrome (autism without
retardation) and two with disintegrative disorder. All but one of the
60 children had GI symptoms, including abdominal pain, constipation,
diarrhea, and bloating. Findings were compared with those from a group
of 37 developmentally normal (nonautistic) children with similar GI
symptoms (the control group). It was observed that ileal LNH presented
in 93% of affected children and 14.3% of control children. Colonic LNH
was present in 30% of affected children and 5.4% of control children.
Hyperplasia of the intestinal lymph nodes was found in 88.5% of
biopsies of affected children. Active inflammation of the ileum
(ileitis) was observed in 8% and chronic inflammation of the colon
(colitis) was seen in 88% of affected children. The authors
characterized the pathology as "a subtle new variant of inflammatory
bowel disease that lacks the specific diagnostic features of either
Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis." In a comment on the Wakefield
paper, Sabra et al. (16) reported identical pathology (LNH) in the
terminal ileum of two patients diagnosed with food allergies and
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
In yet another study, Horvath and coworkers (17) used endoscopy with
biopsy to examine the upper GI tract of 36 children diagnosed with
autism and experiencing abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, bloating,
nighttime awakening, or unexplained irritability. Abnormal findings
included reflux esophagitis in 25 of the children, chronic gastritis
in 15, and chronic duodenitis in 24. Low activity of intestinal
carbohydrate digestive enzymes was observed in 21 children, whereas 27
exhibited increased exocrine secretion of pancreatic-biliary fluid
after intravenous administration of the GI hormone secretin. Secretin,
a peptide hormone released by endocrine cells within the duodenal
mucosa, promotes sodium bicarbonate and water secretion by the
pancreas. It is important to note that this study describes altered
function in the upper GI tract of autistic children, whereas the
lymphoid nodular hyperplasia described by Wakefield et al. (14, 15)
was observed in the lowest portion of the small intestine, namely the
ileum. The results of these different studies taken together suggest
that significant and widespread GI pathophysiology may accompany
autism, at least within a subpopulation of patients. As discussed
below, the pathology may be central to the etiology of autism.
Alternatively, it may simply be a secondary consequence of the
disorder. In either case, it is possible that such widespread
pathology plays a major role in the symptomatology of the disorder in
the affected children. It is crucial that these endoscopic analyses be
conducted in other laboratories. In the meantime, these limited
reports constitute a potentially important new avenue of research in
the effort to understand autism, its causes, and symptomatology.
In contrast with the findings above, a very recent study in the United
Kingdom, which examined the early medical records of 66 children who
were later diagnosed with autism and 30 children later diagnosed with
"possible autism," reported that they did not indicate the presence of
GI inflammation, celiac disease, food intolerance, or recurrent GI
symptoms at a higher rate than were reported in the early medical
records of 449 (control) children who did not subsequently develop
autism (18). The authors concluded that there was not a substantial
association between GI illness in children and the development of
autism. However, the authors acknowledged that some children may have
had subclinical GI symptoms that were overlooked and, furthermore,
that severe GI disease may be associated with autism in certain
individuals.
Earlier Studies Point to a Linkage Between Gut Function and
Autism
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
There have long been indications that autistic children had impaired
GI tract function. Anecdotal reports by parents extending back more
than 30 years described evidence that their autistic children suffered
disturbed GI tract function and intolerance to certain foods (19). In
a recent survey of 500 parents of autistic children, almost one-half
reported that their children had loose stools or frequent diarrhea
(20). Food intolerance was noted particularly for wheat and cow’s
milk. In one early study, an autistic child was coincidentally
afflicted with celiac disease, a disorder characterized by marked
atrophy of the intestinal villi caused by a response of the intestinal
immune system to gliadin, a peptide in gluten (19). The villi, which
are projections of the intestinal mucosa into the lumen of the
intestine, become shortened and denuded of surface epithelium by
dietary gluten in affected individuals. Gluten is a protein found in
wheat and barley (21); celiac disease is treated by eliminating gluten
from the diet. When the autistic child was reexposed to gluten in the
diet after a period on a gluten-free diet, his autistic symptoms were
observed to worsen. The observation inspired a study in which
transcephalic direct current (TDC) potentials were measured in several
autistic children with histories of episodes of colic, diarrhea,
dehydration, and food intolerance but lacking the diagnosis of celiac
disease (19). TDC potentials are slowly changing voltages recorded
from the surface of the head and originating from the cortex of the
brain. When the children were exposed to an oral dose (1 g) of
gliadin, frontal voltage was significantly inhibited compared with
that produced by 1 g of sugar. Normal children and normal siblings of
autistic children did not show this response. This report suggests
that gliadin or its metabolites gains access to and has a direct
effect upon the central nervous system (CNS) in these children. A CNS
effect of gluten is also suggested by a recent report that in
(nonautistic) celiac patients, dietary gluten produces ataxia (lack of
coordination) and is associated with reactivity of antigliadin
antibodies with their cerebellar Purkinje cells (22). The incidence of
ataxia in celiac patients is 6% to 10%. Ataxia is not a diagnostic
indicator of autism. CNS effects of gluten (or gluten metabolites) in
neurological disorders may be quite common. Thus, a recent text
chapter on autism listed several reports that associated celiac
disease with "an extraordinary range of psychiatric and
neuropathologic conditions" (23).
In two separate studies involving a large number of autistic patients,
it was noted that an improvement of social, cognitive, and
communication skills occurred when they were placed on a diet free of
gluten and cow’s milk or a diet free of cow’s milk alone. In the first
study, several objective measures of behavior were reported to improve
when autistic children were placed on an elimination diet free of
cow’s milk (24). Significant symptom improvement was exhibited by 36
autistic patients in five of seven objective behavior scales 8 weeks
after placement on a cow’s milk elimination diet. In another study, 15
subjects with autistic syndromes were placed on a diet for a period of
4 years that was reportedly free of gluten and casein (25). Casein is
the major protein of milk. Previously, all of the children exhibited
pathological urine patterns and increased levels of peptides in their
urine. Differences in urinary peptides levels in autistic patients had
been reported by others in earlier studies (26, 27). The same research
group subsequently reported that some of the urinary peptides derived
from gluten and casein (28). After 1 year on the diet, a statistically
significant improvement in social, cognitive, and communication skills
was observed. Also, urine patterns and urine peptide levels
normalized. Further significant improvements in behavior were observed
after 4 years on the diet. Unfortunately, neither study controlled for
the possibility that the improvements were dependent upon parallel
instructional and other behavioral interventions. Also, objective
measures of the extent to which the diet was free of gluten and casein
were not reported. Nevertheless, these structured studies as well as
anecdotal reports by parents of perceived behavioral improvements
after dietary restrictions have stimulated research to determine
whether the intestinal mucosal barrier was incompetent in autistic
individuals, allowing selected foods or their metabolic products,
impermeant in the normal human gut, to gain access to the interstitial
fluid and either initiate immune reactions or produce pathology.
The small intestinal mucosa normally acts as a barrier to prohibit
many substances within the intestinal lumen from entering the blood
(29). The luminal membrane of the simple columnar epithelial cells,
which line the mucosal surface (primarily enterocytes and goblet
cells), as well as the tight junctional complexes linking the
epithelial cells to their neighbors are the principal barriers to the
free movement into the blood of dietary foods and the products of
their hydrolysis released during intraluminal digestion. These
architectural features embody the "intestinal luminal barrier." A
functional method of assessing the physical integrity of the luminal
barrier is to measure the ability of small sugar molecules, orally
administered, to gain entry into the blood and, eventually, to be
excreted into the urine (30). The sugar permeability test involves the
simultaneous oral administration of two sugars, usually mannitol and
lactulose, followed by the measurement of the ratio of
mannitol:lactulose recovered in the urine. Mannitol is a
monosaccharide that is relatively poorly absorbed by the human
intestine because it has no affinity for the glucose-galactose carrier
protein molecules that reside in the apical (luminal) brush border
membrane of small intestinal enterocytes. Mannitol molecules pass
through the luminal membrane by way of aqueous pores in the brush
border membrane (31). Lactulose, a larger dissacharide molecule, also
lacks affinity for the carrier and is too large to pass through the
pores. Lactulose molecules, which do reach the blood, do so by passing
between the epithelial cells (i.e., the paracellular pathway) and
through zones of cell extrusion at the tip of the villus. The
paracellular pathway is also the presumed route of passage that
peptides such as gliadin take through a damaged intestinal mucosa.
Using the sugar permeability test, abnormal intestinal permeability
has been found in patients with recognized intestinal disorders (32,
33). More recently, D’Eufemia et al. (34) applied the test to patients
with autism. They reported that intestinal permeability was
significantly increased (i.e., greater permeability to lactulose
relative to mannitol) in nine of 21 high-functioning autistic patients
(4–16 years of age) when compared with a group of 40 healthy, age-
matched children (34). The change in the urinary mannitol:lactulose
ratio in 43% of the autistic children was accounted for solely by an
increase in the lactulose permeability; there was no difference in
mannitol recovery between the groups. The authors proposed that the
elevated lactulose permeability reflects damage to the tight junctions
linking the intestinal epithelial cells in the affected autistic
patients. These results, in conjunction with those implicating dietary
gluten and casein causally in autistic symptoms, are integrated into
the view that products resulting from the incomplete hydrolysis of
dietary gluten and casein penetrate the mucosal barrier through
abnormally leaky tight junctions.
An additional route by which dietary proteins such as gluten and
casein may enter the submucosa is via the microfold (M) cell pathway
(35). The immune system of the GI tract is organized in the lymph
nodules, which, in the ileum, are aggregated in groups called Peyer’s
patches. As noted above, the lymph nodules lie below the epithelial
cell layer, displacing the muscularis mucosae and forming folds in the
mucosa. The epithelial cell layer contains, in addition to enterocytes
and goblet cells, M cells. M cells are specialized to transport
antigens and microorganisms transcellularly from the lumen into the
subepithelial space. In the subepithelial space, the antigens and
microorganisms interact with the cells of the immune system (35). The
B cells of the lymph nodules respond to the presence of antigens in
the diet by secreting antibodies, also called immunoglobulins (Ig’s).
Of the five classes of antibodies (IgA, IgM, IgG, IgD, and IgE), IgA
antibodies are secreted by the digestive tract. Whether intact dietary
protein molecules or their derivative peptides penetrate the mucosal
barrier through the M cells or through and between the enterocytes,
their interaction with the immune system is indicated by the fact
that, in two reports, autistic patients reportedly exhibited
significantly higher levels of IgA for dietary casein (24, 36), gluten
(36), lactalbumin (24), and ß-lactoglobulin (24). IgG was elevated for
casein (24) and gluten (36); IgM was increased for casein (24).
Removal of the dietary challenge reduced the immune reaction. This
response of the immune system provides additional evidence that the
autistic intestine is abnormally permeable to gluten and casein.
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
The idea that the integrity of the intestinal mucosal lining, referred
to as the intestinal mucosal barrier, is compromised in autism is
embodied in the "leaky gut hypothesis." According to this hypothesis,
the intestinal mucosa is abnormally permeable in autism. Digestion
products of natural foods such as cow’s milk and bread are able to
enter the blood through the leaky mucosa and induce antigenic
responses, as well as interfere directly with the central nervous
system. It has been established that digestion of dietary gluten and
casein in the lumen of the small intestine by the action of pancreatic
and intestinal peptidases releases short chain peptides, which are
structurally similar to endorphins. These products are called
exorphins to reflect their dietary origin (37). Gliadomorphins are a
family of exorphins released from the partial digestion of the wheat
protein gliadin. Similarly, casomorphins are a family of exorphins
released upon partial digestion of the milk protein casein (38).
Casomorphins and gliadomorphins are potent psychosis-inducing factors
(39). They are also very stable epitopes. Noting that schizophrenic
patients had difficulty with dietary gluten, Dohan (40) hypothesized
that there is a defect in the intestinal barrier of these patients
that allows passage of neuroactive peptides of food origin into the
blood and then into the cerebrospinal fluid to interfere directly with
the function of the CNS. This hypothesis may be applicable to autistic
patients as well because one member of the family of casomorphins, ß-
casomorphins-7, is reported to be elevated in the urine of autistic
patients (28). Evidence that the exorphins are able to enter the
mammalian CNS was reported by Hemming (41) who detected orally
administered gluten fragments in rat brains. Furthermore, brain opiate
receptors reportedly bind gluten exorphins (37). When infused into the
blood stream of rats, ß-casomorphin-7 activates an immediate early
gene (c-Fos) in several regions of the rat brain, indicating that the
exorphin not only gains access to the brain but activates brain cells
as well (42).
Further supporting the notion that natural foods passing through a
leaky intestinal mucosa play a role in producing the behavioral
symptomatology of autism, the studies critiqued above reported that
improvements in behavior, including reduced incidence of seizures in
autism, were seen after the introduction of a diet free of gluten (34)
or a diet free of milk and gluten (25, 36). Schizophrenic patients,
who likewise often exhibit elevated levels of IgA’s for gliadin,
casein, and ß-lactoglobulin (43) and appear to have a higher than
usual incidence of celiac disease (44), have also been reported to
benefit behaviorally from a similar diet (45–47). Unfortunately, a
gluten-free and casein-free diet (the "gfcf" diet), although
reportedly ameliorating behaviors for many of the affected
schizophrenic individuals, does not totally eliminate those behaviors.
Hence, the diet does not represent a cure. Moreover, the failure to
completely eliminate the behaviors raises the possibility that
elevated exorphins cause permanent damage to the infant brain.
What is the Nature of the Change in Intestinal Permeability in
Autism?
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Pathological inflammation of the intestinal mucosa has long been
recognized as a primary symptom in celiac disease and inflammatory
bowel disease. The recent work detailed above indicates that there is
also pathological inflammation of the ileum in autism (14–17),
although there is no evidence to support the view that gluten or
casein cause the inflammation. Intestinal inflammation can be regarded
as the consequence of the disruption of the complex interaction
between all of the cells of the mucosa (immune and nonimmune), as well
as the extracellular matrix, the normal interactions being mediated by
cell surface and paracrine molecules (48). The intestinal inflammation
seen in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis is associated with
disruption of the glycosaminoglycans that comprise vascular tissue,
connective tissue, and the basal lamina of epithelia (49).
Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharides, which include heparin sulfate,
dermatin sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate, as well as sialic acid
residues. As highly anionic structural components of the connective
tissue matrix and wall of blood vessels, they render the tissues
electrostatically negative and thereby restrict blood proteins from
exiting into the interstitial space and intestinal lumen. Deficiencies
in the activity of the enzyme phenylsulfotransferase, which normally
maintains sulfation, have been reported in autistic subjects (50, 51).
The disruption of glycosaminoglycans and associated loss of tissue
sulfation observed to occur in inflammatory bowel disease (52) may
contribute to the generalized increase in intestinal permeability that
occurs with leakage of protein and fluid across the wall of the
intestine in that disease, although such an association is far from
established. In Crohn’s disease, blood proteins are lost into the
intestinal lumen and are excreted into the feces; the extent of
protein loss correlates positively with the length of the bowel that
is inflamed (53). In the study by Wakefield et al. (14) examination of
histological sections of intestinal tissue from autistic patients
revealed a near doubling of the number of lymphoid follicles, as well
as follicle enlargement and merging of adjacent follicles. More
recently, Furlano et al. (54) reported that neutrophils and
lymphocytes infiltrated the epithelium overlying the follicles;
neutrophils also infiltrated the crypt epithelium that lies between
the villi and provides a constant supply of new epithelial cells for
the villi. Also, the intestinal epithelium was significantly more
ulcerated and eroded in autistic versus normal subjects. Lastly, the
basement membrane thickness was increased, whereas the density of
sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the basement membrane and epithelium
was greatly reduced. Taken together, these findings indicate
pathological inflammation of the intestine in these autistic subjects.
Although the findings would seem to provide evidence that the mucosal
barrier is compromised in autism, no direct evidence of an alteration
of the mucosal intestinal barrier, as could have been gained using the
sugar permeability test, was sought in these studies. It remains to be
seen whether a dietary antigen plays a direct role in altering
intestinal permeability (see below) or simply gains access to the
blood through a mucosa that has been made more permeable as a
consequence of some other sequence of events.
Possible Pathways by Which Intestinal Function May Become
Impaired
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Below, several hypotheses are described that have been advanced to
account for the intestinal pathophysiology observed in autism.
Evidence for each of these hypotheses is based upon a very limited
number of basic and clinical research studies of varying rigor and
conclusivity. None of the hypotheses has gained sufficient support to
broadly influence clinical treatment of autistic patients.
Antigens in the Diet.
Inasmuch as gliadin, the peptide derived from gluten, is known to
extensively damage the intestinal mucosa in celiac disease and there
is some limited evidence that autistic symptoms of many individuals
are exacerbated by a diet that includes gluten, it is possible that
gliadin produces the increase in intestinal permeability seen in
autism. Children with cow’s milk allergy also exhibit inflammation of
the intestinal lamina propria and partial villous atrophy after
ingesting milk; inflammation is reversed when milk is excluded from
the diet (55, 56). Hence, milk proteins may also cause changes in gut
permeability, accounting for the intolerance to this food in autism.
The work of D’Eufemia et al. (34) described above offered some support
for the view that gluten enhances intestinal permeability by
increasing the permeability of the paracellular pathway, i.e., the
route between the enterocytes. There was no evidence that the
enterocytes themselves were rendered more permeable, as occurs in
celiac disease, wherein a near total loss of the intestinal cell
lining is manifest. In keeping with this distinction, the pathology
reported to occur in the ileum of autistic subjects (14–17) is much
more subtle than that observed in celiac disease. These considerations
do not disallow a role for gluten and casein in intestinal
hyperpermeability. For example, these proteins or their digestive
products (gliadomorphins and casomorphins) may access the submucosa
via the M cell pathway and produce antigenic responses that damage the
mucosa. Two cytokines released by mononuclear cells of the immune
system upon exposure to antigens have been reported to increase
intestinal permeability in experimental preparations. Thus,
interferon- increased epithelial permeability in cultured cell lines
of intestinal origin grown into confluent monolayers (57–59).
Similarly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) released from mononuclear
cells of infants with cow’s milk allergy elevated tissue conductance
and the transepithelial flux of the macromolecular marker horseradish
peroxidase (HRP), as well as the flux of mannitol and sodium ions in a
cultured cell line (60). The effect produced by TNF- was potentiated
by interferon-. The changes in intestinal permeability induced by the
cytokines are suggestive of an increased transepithelial transit
through the paracellular pathway. In a separate study, the effect of
interferon- was seen to operate through elevation of cytosolic levels
of nitric oxide in the target tissues (57). The manner in which food
antigens may alter intestinal function and produce intestinal
pathology in allergic individuals was recently discussed (61). Lacking
is any evidence that gliadin and milk proteins, or their products,
produce these cytokines in the autistic gut.
Vaccines.
The intestinal pathology noted in the study of Wakefield et al. (14),
namely, the hyperplastic lymph nodes in the ileum and colon, suggests
that the immune system of the gut has been seriously challenged in the
autistic patients. Although Wakefield et al. did not draw a conclusion
as to the cause of the pathology, they noted parental reports that the
children had received the trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)
vaccine before undergoing behavioral regression. Likewise, Fudenburg
(50) and Gupta (52) noted in separate reports a close temporal
association between the administration of the MMR vaccine and the
onset of autistic symptoms in patients under their care. The genomic
RNA of the vaccine strain of measles virus was detected in peripheral
mononuclear cells of three out of nine autistic patients examined
(62). Very recently, 75 of 91 patients with developmental disorders
and diagnosed with ileal LNH and enterocolitis were reported positive
for measles virus in their intestinal tissue compared with five of 70
control patients (63). The measles virus was localized within cells of
the immune system of hyperplastic lymph follicles. Previously, Lewin
et al. (64) and Miyamoto et al. (65) reported detection of measles
virus in tissue from patients with Crohn’s disease. In contrast,
Iizuka et al. (66) found no evidence of measles virus in a population
of Crohn’s patients. The reason for these very different results is
unclear and underlines the need for further investigations.
Parenthetically, after measles immunization of children, the primary
cytokine produced is interferon- (67). The effect of interferon- to
increase permeability of monolayers of cultured intestinal cells was
discussed above. The studies suggesting that the MMR vaccine may be an
etiological factor in autism have enormous implications for public
health. Hence, they have prompted others to exam retrospectively
several epidemiological databases of different populations to exam the
relationship between vaccinations and the prevalence of autism. Fully
five separate studies have failed to find any significant correlation
between these variables (9, 11, 68–70). For example, after reviewing
the case history of 473 autistic children in London (UK) over a 20-
year period starting from 1979, Taylor et al. (11) found no
significant change in the proportion of children with developmental
regression or bowel problems before and after introduction (in 1988)
of the MMR vaccine. Similarly, Dales et al. (9) found no correlation
between the upward trend of early autism caseload in the period of
1980 to 1994 and childhood MMR immunization rates in California school
children given the vaccine by the 17th or 24th month of age. Hence,
this approach affords little support for a role of the MMR vaccine in
producing autism. However, it is noteworthy that Edwardes and Baltzan
(71) reported that the data of Dales et al. (9) reveal a positive
correlation between MMR vaccination rates and autism incidence when
the data for the children vaccinated at 17 months are examined in
isolation. Nevertheless, Edwardes and Baltzan felt that immunization
should be maintained. Without question, the MMR vaccine has been very
efficacious in limiting childhood measles, mumps, and rubella
infection. Vaccination against these diseases is central to the
establishment and maintenance of the public health. For this reason,
it is paramount that concerns regarding the safety of the MMR vaccine
be fully alleviated as may only occur after gastroenterologic
measurements, including endoscopy, are performed before and after
vaccination.
Pharmaceutical formulations of selected infant vaccines have contained
small amounts of an antimicrobial preservative, thimerosal ([{o-
carboxyphenyl}thio] ethylmercury sodium salt), a compound consisting
largely of the organomercurial ethylmercury. The role of mercurials in
producing damage to the CNS has been documented (72). In addition, the
organomercurial methyl mercury and inorganic HgCl2 have been shown to
increase the ionic conductance and the mannitol permeability of
isolated segments of rat colon (73). There is also evidence that HgCl2
can influence the immune system of the gut. Thus, a single large oral
dose of HgCl2 given to rats that were immunized against ovalbumin
caused a significantly enhanced immune response to ovalbumin (elevated
serum IgE and IgG) and damaged the DNA in the intestinal epithelial
and lymph node cells (74). HgCl2 may act in part to increase the
intestinal permeability to ovalbumin. Additional studies are needed to
determine whether methylated mercurials in lower doses produce similar
effects as HgCl2. These observations notwithstanding, there is no
objective evidence directly implicating thimerosal in adverse
responses to vaccines. The phaseout underway in thimerosal usage as a
preservative in pharmaceutical vaccine formulations will reduce the
exposure of children to this toxin.
Impairment in Gut Development.
Nelson et al. (75) recently reported that several neuropeptides (that
inhibit or excite neurons) and neurotrophins (that alter neuron
metabolism) were very significantly elevated in the blood of 69
children who developed autism compared with the blood of 54 children
who developed normally. Measurements were performed on archived
neonatal blood samples drawn routinely at birth from infants born in
California. Among a group of eight neuroactive compounds measured by
immunoaffinity chromatography vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP),
calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), brain-derived neurotrophic
factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin 4/5 (NT 4/5) were elevated. The blood
levels of neuropeptides and neurotrophins did not correlate with the
degree of mental impairment or with the presentation of seizures or
with the subtype of autism (regressive versus nonregressive). Ninety
percent of the autistic children had a concentration of VIP that
exceeded the control range; similar percentages for the other
compounds were: NT 4/5 87%, CGRP 81%, and BDNF 65%. In 94% of the
autistic infants, both a neuropeptide (VIP or CGRP) and a neurotrophin
(BDNF or NT 4/5) were elevated. The findings were not exclusive for
autism—children diagnosed with mental retardation without autism
exhibited similar blood patterns of neuroactive compounds. Hence, the
altered levels of neuropeptides and neurotrophins may be a necessary,
but not a sufficient, condition for impairment of gut development in
autism.
VIP, a member of the VIP-glucagon-secretin family of neuropeptides, is
a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator important in cerebral growth,
neurogenesis, and astrocytogenesis. In addition, VIP is present in the
peripheral nervous system, endocrine pancreas, and in the enteric
nervous system (ENS) of the intestine, among other sites. The ENS is
an independently acting nerve network within the walls of the
gastrointestinal tract that regulates secretion and motility. Although
the source of the elevated blood neuropeptides and neurotrophins is
unknown, the enhanced secretion of VIP (an inhibitory agonist in the
ENS) by enteric neurons may impair gut development, motility, and
secretion and thereby play a role in producing the GI symptoms noted
in autism. In this respect, it may be noteworthy that 20% of autistic
children examined in a recent study had decreased serum levels of IgA,
the Ig formed in the gut (76). Perhaps, in these patients, the immune
system of the GI tract is inadequately developed, or less responsive
to stimuli, leaving them more susceptible to antigens.
Hyperacidity of the Intestinal Luminal Contents Due to Hyposecretion
of Secretin.
As noted above, there is some limited evidence, as yet unverified,
that secretion of the GI hormone secretin is impaired in autism (17).
Well-documented functions of secretin include stimulation of
pancreatic sodium bicarbonate and water secretion and inhibition of
gastric acid secretion. These two effects aid in maintaining the pH of
the intestinal luminal fluid near neutrality. The catalytic activity
of pancreatic digestive enzymes is optimal at pH values of 7 to 8 and
are lower under acidic conditions (77). Horvath et al. (17) observed
esophageal reflux of gastric acid in autistic patients. This could be
caused by gastric hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid. They also noted
impaired intestinal hydrolytic enzyme activity, and, when secretin was
infused intravenously, they observed hypersecretion of pancreatic
fluid. These observations may be explained by a lower than normal
release of secretin in the autistic patients upon stimulation of the
secretin cells. Consequently, the reduced blood levels of secretin
could allow gastric HCl secretion to increase abnormally due to relief
from secretin inhibition of gastric acid secretion and could also
reduce pancreatic alkali secretion. These separate effects would, in
turn, increase acidity of the intestinal luminal contents. The greater
luminal acidity could then elevate intestinal permeability excessively
by altering the integrity of the tight junctional complexes. In this
respect, it has been observed that exposure of the rat intestinal
mucosa to acidic saline for 30 min resulted in severe injury to the
tips of the villi and elevated lumen-to-blood passage of the serum
protein albumin (78). If hyposecretion of secretin does occur in
autism, then it might be clinically beneficial to elevate serum
secretin in these patients. Interestingly, Horvath et al. (79)
reported that within 5 weeks of receiving intravenous secretin
infusions sufficient to elevate the pancreatic secretory rate, three
patients exhibited marked dimunition of GI symptoms and improvement in
behavior, including expansion of expressive language. This surprising
result caused considerable interest. However, when several
laboratories attempted to replicate their results in trials with large
numbers of patients, a beneficial effect of secretin was not seen
whether patients were given secretin in single doses (80–83) or in
multiple doses (84). Hence, the great weight of evidence argues
against a role for hyposecretion of the hormone secretin in autism.
How Might Impaired Intestinal Function Influence Autistic
Behavior?
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Autistic individuals frequently exhibit mental retardation as well as
unusual behaviors such as perseveration. These are indications of
impaired CNS function (1, 85). The studies described above provide
evidence that, in autism, much of the GI tract, extending from the
esophagus to the colon, possesses pathology (14–17). The possibility
cannot be discounted that any GI pathology that exists is unrelated to
the function of the CNS. However, the reports that, in some autistic
children, a diet free of gluten and casein produces a dimunition of
autistic behaviors is intriguing and raises the possibility that
altered GI tract function may at least increase the severity of the
behavioral symptoms (24, 25, 86). Indeed, impairment of brain
development in very young children through gut-associated pathways may
be irreversible. Hence, it is valuable to consider two potential
scenarios by which impaired intestinal function may play a role in
altering CNS function. In this respect, it is important to recall
that, as noted above, the etiology of autism is multifactorial.
Metabolites of Gluten and Milk Interfere with Brain Function.
According to this theory, it is proposed that gliadomorphins and
casomorphins arising from the partial luminal digestion of dietary
gliadin and casein, respectively, are absorbed through a leaky gut,
enter into the CNS, and interfere with normal brain function because
their functional properties mimic the opioid hormone ß-endorphin. This
hypothesis developed from the pioneering work of Dohan (40), who
proposed that schizophrenia was caused by a dietary overload of
peptides from gluten and milk. Others have disputed the role of gluten
in causing schizophrenia (87). Panskepp (88), in developing his opiate
excess hypothesis of autism, noted that young animals exposed to low
doses of opiate drugs displayed behavioral symptoms similar to those
seen in autistic children. The influence of opioids on human brain
function has been described (27). Gliadomorphins and casomorphins are
not hydrolyzed by proteolytic enzymes, hence, are very stable families
of compounds that can produce long-lasting effects on the CNS (89).
Casomorphins are detectable in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (90).
One member of this family, ß-casomorphin-7, caused behavioral changes
when injected into rats (91).
If exorphins do interfere with CNS activity, it is reasonable to
expect that autistic individuals might have greater levels of
endogenous endorphins (which include enkephalins and ß-endorphin) in
their cerebrospinal fluid. Gillberg (92) reported that six of 20
autistic youths possessed significantly elevated levels of enkephalins
in a specific fraction of the CSF obtained by spinal puncture (92).
These six patients also exhibited decreased sensitivity to pain. The
level of endorphins in lumbar CSF is considered to reflect the level
of ß-endorphin in the brain (93). In a subsequent study of 31 autistic
children, Gillberg et al. (94) found that CSF ß-endorphins were
statistically lower than in a group of nonage-matched (adult)
individuals. Contrasting with these reports, Nagamitsu et al. (93)
found that levels of ß-endorphin in the CSF of 19 autistic individuals
did not differ significantly from the levels of ß-endorphin in age-
matched controls. Hence, there is conflicting evidence whether
endogenous ß-endorphins, at least, are elevated in autism. This does
not preclude the possibility that dietarily derived exorphins play a
prominent role in producing the behavioral symptoms of autism.
Nevertheless, a great deal of work is needed to establish that
exorphins are absorbed into the blood and produce changes in CNS
function.
It is perhaps relevant to this topic that untreated celiac patients,
who, like autistic patients, exhibit intestinal pathophysiology,
commonly also exhibit psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and
depression (95–97). Imposition of a gluten-free diet produces a rapid
elimination of these symptoms in celiac patients (95). Likewise, Dohan
(44) has reported anecdotal evidence of a high incidence of celiac
disease in schizophrenic patients. Hence, autism may be only the most
recent of several pathological conditions discovered to possess a
strong brain-gut connection (54).
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Impairs Nervous System Development.
According to this theory, impaired intestinal absorption of vitamin
B12 produces a deficiency resulting in impaired nerve function.
Dietary vitamin B12 is normally absorbed in the ileum of the small
intestine. Pathology in the ileal mucosa of autistic patients, as
observed to occur in the studies noted above, could interfere with the
transport process for vitamin B12 in the ileal absorptive cells. If
absorption is severely inhibited, the resulting lower blood vitamin
B12 could interfere with the formation of myelin, the lipoprotein
material surrounding the axon of myelinated nerve fibers (98). Myelin
is necessary for normal conduction of the action potential in
myelinated nerve fibers. Wakefield et al. (14) observed that, in
conjunction with the intestinal pathology observed in his autistic
population, vitamin B12 absorption was significantly reduced in all
eight autistic individuals in which urinary methylmalonic acid
excretion was measured. Methylmalonic acid is normally converted to
succinyl coenzyme A by a vitamin B12 dependent mutase. Dietary vitamin
B12 deficiency results in impaired mutase activity and spillover of
methylmalonic acid into the urine. Wakefield et al. (14) proposed that
nerve myelogenesis, which is dependent upon vitamin B12, may be
impaired in autistic children as a result. Direct evidence of vitamin
B12 deficiency and impaired myelogenesis in autism is lacking at this
time.
Future Directions for Research
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
This review has focused on recent reports of GI pathology in infantile
autism. Collectively, the reports represent a potentially important
new advance in our understanding of autism and related developmental
disorders. However, there is very consideable controversy surrounding
the published findings, as well as many of the related issues dealt
with in this review. For this reason, there is a great deal that needs
to be done. It is essential that others examine the GI tract of
symptomatic autistic children to substantiate the findings of
Wakefield and of Horvath and their respective coworkers. Research into
the GI pathology must be extended to detail the alterations in
morphology, metabolism, and transepithelial transport capacity at the
cellular level and to evaluate the reputed pathology as a tool in the
clinical diagnosis of autism. The extent to which the barrier
functions of the small intestine and colon are affected needs
intensive examination. The causative agent(s), whether exogenous or
endogenous, must be identified. It is important to extensively
evaluate the efficacy of gluten- and casein-free diets in ameliorating
autistic symptoms and whether such diets ameliorate the gut pathology
similar to the manner in which a gluten-free diet reverses the
extensive mucosal pathology in celiac disease. All potential links
between the GI pathology and the autistic symptoms must be given
careful and rigorous examination. Even if it develops that the GI
pathology is unrelated to the etiology of autism or its unique
behavioral symptomatology, the discoveries appear to verify what
parents and physicians have long suspected, namely, that many autistic
children have abnormal GI function. Routine endoscopic examination of
newly diagnosed autistic patients, coupled with an effective treatment
to normalize GI tract morphology and function, may prove effective in
lessening the severe impact this disorder has on the autistic child.
Acknowledgments
I am indebted to my son, Ted, for twenty-three years of daily
instruction on what it means to be autistic.
Footnotes
1 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at Department of
Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. E-mail:
jfw...@physio.emory.edu
References
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
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Stephen Wilson
Autism
What's the evidence for special diets and supplements?
There hasn't been much good research on changing what your child eats or
giving him or her supplements to treat autism.
We found one summary of the research (a systematic review) of diets that cut
out casein and gluten. The review found just two small studies. The studies
showed the diets seemed to help with some symptoms of autism, but not
others. The review's authors said there was not enough good-quality evidence
to say whether or not the diets work.
We found two good-quality studies on vitamin B6 plus magnesium. It didn't
seem to help. But the studies were small. Together, they had only 27
children. So the results aren't reliable.
We didn't find any good-quality studies of fish oil, vitamin A, vitamin C,
probiotics and digestive enzymes as treatments for children with autism.
pautrey2
The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
Normal balanced gut bacteria:
Parents Opinions
Nevin Penny
Kerry & Andrew Harris
Chafica Gharbieh
Dear Natasha
pautrey2
#2 You don't know what your talking about! (Bluffing)
#3 Read This Again!
#4 I'm going to post many more related articles.
#5 Keep your meds handy!
#5 Get Lost!
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
We were one of the founder families of the group of parents which
subsequently became PEACH. There were only 30 or so families in the UK
doing ABA Programmes with their children back then in 1996. I remember
our first meeting in London when we decided to form a charity and were
all thinking what name to give it. It seems like a century has passed
since then. Some children have done extremely well, some not as well,
but everybody involved acknowledges how powerful the programme is in
pulling our children out of autism.
Over the years, apart from gaining a lot of knowledge in behaviour
modification we have learned a lot about the biochemistry and
physiology of autism and how to manipulate it with diet and
supplementation. If only we knew then what we know now! We can't turn
the time back for our children. But we can pass this knowledge to
others who have just had the devastating diagnosis of Autism announced
to them. Unfortunately, there will be more and more coming as the
incidence of autism is increasing rapidly.
We have learned that many diseases and conditions including autism
Normal balanced gut bacteria:
Putting the gut flora right is the first and the most important step
Parents Opinions
Nevin Penny
Kerry & Andrew Harris
Chafica Gharbieh
Dear Natasha
On Oct 27, 3:38 am, "Stephen Wilson"
<stephen.wilson2004nos...@ntlworld.com> wrote:
> http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/besttreatments/autism-evidence...
Paul McCock
>
> read more »
For fucks sake, do everyone here a favor, and go play on the freeway.
Worthless shite-posting arse-licking twat.
Fuck off and die
You Cunt
Stephen Wilson
>#1 Who is we? (Deception)
Good question. Who is you? Are you employed by one of the people making a
fortune by selling supplements to those gullible enough?
>#2 You don't know what your talking about! (Bluffing)
Patently obvious. So why keep pasting the same tired old material?
>#3 Read This Again!
So far you've shown no sign you've even read it once...
>#4 I'm going to post many more related articles.
In other words, you'll continue spamming the groups. That's OK. That's what
killfiles are for.
>#5 Keep your meds handy!
Which meds would those be? Probiotics?
>#5 Get Lost!
You can't handle people presenting arguments that counter your spam? Perhaps
you're probiotic deficient...
Stephen Wilson
>#1 Who is we? (Deception)
I'm someone who is concerned when I see people presenting opinions as facts
(especially when the authors of articles quoted have an interest in peddling
their own products), and who may end up influencing someone to do more harm
than good.
What's your motivation?
Can you point to a single study that backs up any of your "information"?
Meanwhile, from
http://www.autismsa.org.au/newsletter/articles/article_008.html
Aim: To identify factors influencing caregivers' decisions to implement and
maintain particular interventions. Specifically, the following interventions
were investigated: olive leaf extract, vitamins A, B, C and E,
dimethylglycine (DMG), calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, zinc, essential
fatty acids, melatonin, colostrum, secretin, probiotics, chelating agents,
glutathione, glutamine and digestive enzymes.
Results: For the majority of interventions, evidence for use in autism was
rated as being either unclear or conflicting. Most interventions were
associated with only mild adverse effects, although there was a lack of
long-term safety data. Doctors were the most common source of
recommendation, yet the majority of interviewees were unaware of reasons why
the intervention was being used.
Conclusion: Health care professionals and caregivers need to be informed
that the use of CAMs (complementary and alternative medicine) in autism is
not risk-free and often lacks sound clinical evidence.
pautrey
You don't want to debate/discuss,
you want to argue. I don't have the
time or patience for things like you.
Get Lost!
On Oct 27, 12:18 pm, "Stephen Wilson"
<stephen.wilson2004nos...@ntlworld.com> wrote:
> "pautrey2" <rpautr...@gmail.com> wrote in message
Stephen Wilson
"pautrey" <paut...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:0fa114b0-f33d-4b54...@w37g2000prg.googlegroups.com...
>You're a psychopathic cyberstalker.
>You don't want to debate/discuss,
>you want to argue. I don't have the
>time or patience for things like you.
>
>Get Lost!
You've copied and pasted material, some of which is not factual, and which I
have challenged. And that is the best you can do?
All you've done is help Natasha Campbell-Bride promote Bio-Kult. And who
helped develop Bio-Kult? Oh, what a surprise... one Natasha Campbell-Bride.
Of course you haven't the time and patience to discuss anything. You don't
understand any of it and you're too busy spamming groups to stop and think
about anything.
pautrey
Cyberstalking Psychopath,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy
http://www.wiredsafety.org/cyberstalking_harassment/itsacrime.html
What are your credentials?
A Bull S--- degree from Google,
with advanced work from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudologia_fantastica
&
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusional_disorder
!
You're FOS!
Read This Article Again.
The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
Bob Badour
> "pautrey2" <rpau...@gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:cfe1aed5-d80a-4b97...@k17g2000yqh.googlegroups.com...
>
>>#5 Keep your meds handy!
>
> Which meds would those be? Probiotics?
>
>>#5 Get Lost!
>
> You can't handle people presenting arguments that counter your spam? Perhaps
> you're probiotic deficient...
Is that just a sly way of telling him to eat shit? If it is, I have to
commend you for it.
pautrey2
The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
We were one of the founder families of the group of parents which
subsequently became PEACH. There were only 30 or so families in the UK
doing ABA Programmes with their children back then in 1996. I remember
our first meeting in London when we decided to form a charity and were
all thinking what name to give it. It seems like a century has passed
since then. Some children have done extremely well, some not as well,
but everybody involved acknowledges how powerful the programme is in
pulling our children out of autism.
Over the years, apart from gaining a lot of knowledge in behaviour
modification we have learned a lot about the biochemistry and
physiology of autism and how to manipulate it with diet and
supplementation. If only we knew then what we know now! We can't turn
the time back for our children. But we can pass this knowledge to
others who have just had the devastating diagnosis of Autism announced
to them. Unfortunately, there will be more and more coming as the
incidence of autism is increasing rapidly.
We have learned that many diseases and conditions including autism
Normal balanced gut bacteria:
Putting the gut flora right is the first and the most important step
Parents Opinions
Nevin Penny
Kerry & Andrew Harris
Chafica Gharbieh
Dear Natasha
> included reflux esophagitis in 25 of the ...
>
> read more »
Stephen Wilson
pautrey
The Use of Probiotics for Children with Autism
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
Normal balanced gut bacteria:
Parents Opinions
Nevin Penny
Kerry & Andrew Harris
Chafica Gharbieh
Dear Natasha
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html
On Oct 30, 3:23 am, "Stephen Wilson"
<stephen.wilson2004nos...@ntlworld.com> wrote:
> We found ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudologia_fantastica
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCD
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberstalking
On Oct 30, 3:23 am, "Stephen Wilson"
<stephen.wilson2004nos...@ntlworld.com> wrote:
> http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/besttreatments/autism-evidence...
>
Stephen Wilson
pautrey
Experimental Biology and Medicine 228:639-649 (2003)
© 2003 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/full/228/6/639
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MINIREVIEW
Intestinal Pathophysiology in Autism
John F. White1
Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Abstract
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Future Directions for Research
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
Acknowledgments
Footnotes
1 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at Department of
Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. E-mail:
jfw...@physio.emory.edu
References
Top
Abstract
Introduction
Children with Autism Have...
Earlier Studies Point to...
The Leaky Gut Hypothesis
What is the Nature...
Possible Pathways by Which...
How Might Impaired Intestinal...
Future Directions for Research
References
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http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/full/228/6/639
Cyberstalking Lunatic,
What are your credentials?
None, other than being a lying loon.
On Oct 30, 7:06 pm, "Stephen Wilson"
<stephen.wilson2004nos...@ntlworld.com> wrote:
> http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/besttreatments/autism-evidence...
>
Stephen Wilson
pautrey
Experimental Biology and Medicine 228:639-649 (2003)
© 2003 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
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On Oct 30, 7:19 pm, pautrey <pautr...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Experimental Biology and Medicine 228:639-649 (2003)
> © 2003 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
>
> http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/full/228/6/639
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> autism and experiencing abdominal pain, chronic ...
>
> read more »
Stephen Wilson
pautrey2
By Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride
Normal balanced gut bacteria:
Parents Opinions
Nevin Penny
Kerry & Andrew Harris
Chafica Gharbieh
Dear Natasha
http://www.dietarysupport.com/probiotics(art).html