Increased Iron In Neurodegeneration
ironjustice
Preclinical Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive
Impairment
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
IOS Press
Mark A. Smith1, Xiongwei Zhu1, Massimo Tabaton2,
Gang Liu3, Daniel W. McKeel, Jr.4, Mark L. Cohen1,
Xinglong Wang1, Sandra L. Siedlak1, Takaaki Hayashi5,
Masao Nakamura6, Akihiko Nunomura7, George Perry1, 8
1Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
2Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Genetics,
University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
3Department of Radiology, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, UT, USA
4Departments of Pathology and Immunology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
5Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12,
Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
6Department of Chemistry, Asahikawa Medical College,
Asahikawa, Japan
7Department of Neuropsychiatry,
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering,
University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
8UTSA Neurosciences Institute and Department of Biology,
College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio,
San Antonio, TX, USA
Abstract
It is now established that oxidative stress is one of the
earliest, if not the earliest, change that occurs in the
pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Consistent with this, mild cognitive impairment (MCI),
the clinical precursor of AD, is also characterized by
elevations in oxidative stress.
Since such stress does not operate in vacuo, in this study
we sought to determine whether redox-active iron, a potent
source of free radicals, was elevated in MCI and preclinical
AD as compared to cognitively-intact age-matched control
patients.
Increased iron was found at the highest levels both in the
cortex and cerebellum from the pre-clinical AD/MCI cases.
Interestingly, glial accumulations of redox-active iron in
the cerebellum were also evident in preclinical AD patients
and tend to increase as patients became progressively
cognitively impaired.
Our findings suggests that an imbalance in iron homeostasis
is a precursor to the neurodegenerative processes leading to
AD and that iron imbalance is not necessarily unique to
affected regions.
In fact, an understanding of iron deposition in other regions
of the brain may provide insights into neuroprotective
strategies.
Iron deposition at the preclinical stage of AD may be useful as
a diagnostic tool, using iron imaging methods, as well as a
potential therapeutic target, through metal ion chelators.
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, chelator, diagnostic, free radicals,
iron, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), oxidative stress,
pre-clinical, redox activity
PMID: 19812902
ISSN 1387-2877 (Print) 1875-8908 (Online)
Category Mini-Forum Article
DOI 10.3233/JAD-2009-1239
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Tom
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Ken
ironjustice
You seem to understand English as well as you do .. medicine ..
Isn't that right .. you little atheist .. btch ..
Fkff back to your .. blog .. btch ..
Happy Oyster
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>I think you shteating atheist btches were told ..
You think? Prove it!
You think? Prove it!
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You think? Prove it!
Prove it!
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