Chimp uses laptop to 'talk' to humans
By Roger Highfield
A FEMALE chimpanzee has constructed a sentence using the voice of a
male scientist in a new demonstration of the language skills of apes.
Panbanisha, a 14-year-old bonobo pigmy chimpanzee, her one-year-old son
Nyota, and a 19-year-old male bonobo, Kanzi, are equipped with a laptop
computer and a voice synthesiser programmed with the speech of Bill
Fields, a 49-year-old research associate at the Language Research
Centre at Georgia State University, a 60-acre laboratory near Atlanta.
The ability of two chimpanzees to construct "sentences" will provide
ammunition for advocates of ape intelligence in an increasingly bitter
dispute. Some sceptics argue that animal language experiments are
motivated by ideological reasons linked with the animal rights movement.
And Dr Noam Chomsky, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology linguist
who put forward the theory that language is innate and unique to people,
once said that attempting to teach linguistic skills to animals is like
trying to teach humans to flap their arms and fly.
For three decades Prof Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and her husband, Prof Duane
Rumbaugh, have been trying to do the impossible with apes at the
research centre.
But yesterday, Dr Savage-Rumbaugh said that when a human observer takes
the speech made by the bonobos using the voice synthesiser, along with
ape sounds and gestures, they put together surprisingly complex
messages.
"We are seeing some sentences put together for the first time that are
very different from the kind of things that they have been able to do
before," she said.
Her work has been recognised with the award of a three-year grant from
the US National Institute of Health to study the ability of apes to
communicate vocally, using a special keyboard, and by drawings.
Prof Savage-Rumbaugh and her colleagues have modified a keyboard, of
the kind used to teach severely retarded children to communicate, for
the experiment. The keyboard has 400 keys, each with a symbol.
Kanzi and Panbanisha use a vocabulary of about 250 words and can
understand between 2,000 and 3,000. Great things are expected of
Panbanisha's baby Nyota, who is more advanced than his mother was at
the same age.
"The new keyboard now has more words on it," said Prof
Savage-Rumbaugh. "It has words like 'and' and 'the' and 'it',
grammatical function words that we did not initially think they could
use in their conversation. We now have those words available and they
are starting to use them a little bit. We still have a tremendous amount
of work to do to document their abilities scientifically."
Prof Savage-Rumbaugh described how in the past week she was teaching
Kanzi some of the symbols on the keyboard and linking them with words
that he knew, such as "me". After several attempts, "he looked at me in
an exasperated way and said: 'I write, give grape.' "
Kanzi is known to understand the English for "I" and "write" but "I did
not know he knew the written version and how to point to them. It was
very surprising that he could make such a long construction. Kanzi is
perfectly capable of talking about what he wants to happen tomorrow,"
she said. "He is capable of answering questions about what happened
yesterday. He is capable of talking about where he wants people to hide,
or games he wants to play."
In the Twenties, experiments by Robert Yerkes established that
chimpanzees could not learn speech. The various reasons given for this
ranged from their lack of intelligence to a vocal tract different from
the human version.
In the mid-Sixties an infant chimpanzee named Washoe was taught sign
language. But on closer examination, scientists found strong evidence
that Washoe and the provocatively named Nim Chimpsky probably learnt to
please their teachers by contorting their hands into all kinds of
configurations. And the human trainers, searching for examples of
communication, thought they saw words, a charge of overinterpretation
that is often made by critics.
In a widely quoted paper in the journal Science, "Can an Ape Create a
Sentence?" even Nim Chimpsky's trainer, Dr Herbert Terrace, a Columbia
University psychologist, reluctantly concluded that the answer was no.
Critics also point out that many of the utterances of apes are demands
for immediate rewards such as food.
Labelling a button with a symbol or calling it a word does not
necessarily make it language when an ape pushes it: they may not have
learnt anything more sophisticated than how to press the right button
in order to get the hairless apes on the other side of the console to
dole out bananas and other food.
Prof Savage-Rumbaugh says that the food fixation of her apes says more
about their environment than their abilities. To encourage them to be
more human, she provides her charges with many luxuries, such as
television.
"Of the movies we buy, they really like films about human beings trying
to relate to some kind of ape-like creatures," she said. "So they like
Tarzan, Iceman, Quest for Fire and the Clint Eastwood movies with the
orang-utan."
She believes that there is a huge capacity on the part of apes and
probably other animals that is being ignored. "By ignoring it, we are
separating ourselves from the natural world we've evolved from. The
bonobos are a real bridge to that world."
http://www.telegraph.co.uk:80/et?ac=001430519941234&rtmo=Vw6sSk6K&atmo=99999999&pg=/et/99/7/26/wape26.html
__________________
> URHANIBAI wrote:
>
> > Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy wrote:
> > > >
> > > > The word of Sin is Restriction....
> > >
> > > Have you ever posted anything that made sense?
> > >
> > > --
> > > Carpe Diem
> >
> >
> >
> > Okay... just what the hell is all this trivial bullshit about anyway?!
> > _______________________________
> > ACC TO US WEB/CKS: "STAY AWAY!"
> >
> > : ACC TO US WEB/CKS: "STAY AWAY!" Computer company bans US WEB
> > : personnel from its business.
> >
> > : July 25, 1999 (For Immediate Distribution)
> > : C R A N F O R D, N J.
> > : Related website: http://accpc.com
> >
> > : In a brief statement today, Corporate Security at American Computer Company
> > : issued a public demand that US WEB / CKS and all of its employees, agents,
> > : representatives, heirs and assigns, and contractors, subsidiaries, and
> > : affiliates to stay away from its computers systems, Forums and Web
> > : Bulletin Boards and to cease and desist all activities in connection with
> > : American Computer Company.
> >
> > : The brief statement, which also applies to any seminar participants, forum
> > : leaders, seminar directors, production teams, and related volunteers
> > : associated with US WEB / CKS and any of its FRANCHISEES, along with their
> > : employees, agents, representatives, heirs and assigns, contractors,
> > : subsidiaries, and affiliates, indicated that a Court Order will be sought
> > : within the next two weeks directing US WEB / CKS to cease and desist, and
> > : that US WEB / CKS will be given a chance to answer specifics at that time.
> >
> > : A spokesperson for American Computer declined further comment. All inquiries
> > : may be addressed to the company's counsel through its headquarters, in
> > : writing only.
> >
> > : American Computer Company is located at: ACC 6 Commerce Drive Cranford, NJ
> > : 07016 909-272-3330
> >
> > : ==============================
> >
> > : Sandy
> >
> > DOES ISUR.COM recruit people who seek to find ANY POSSIBLE MEANS
> > to DEBUNK & ATTACK figures and other people within the UFO Community?
> > Or is its purpose even more sinister?
> >
> > Posted By: [Avatar]
> > Date: Monday, 26 July 1999, at 8:55 p.m.
> >
> > ISUR.COM has fallen under scrutiny here in the last week, because it has
> > been linked to David Norris, its founder, who is also with USWEB/CKS,
> > Joe Firmage's "former" company, which Joe continues on leveraging in his
> > alleged "pursuit" of "the truth" about aliens.
> >
> > It has been suggested that ISUR.COM is just a recruitment front for people
> > aligned in harrassing and expressing hatred towards figures and subjects in
> > the UFO Community. It's recently been suggested that in his financial support,
> > for six months, of Robert AM Stephens, who was sued by Art Bell, the highly
> > successful and popular nite time Radio Talk Show Host, and his sharing of
> > opinions that demeaned Bell's show, and and what appeared to be a tendancy
> > to support David Oates and Stephens in various forays into mindless shark
> > attacks on Art Bell, and also in that he supported another character
> > assassination, an attack on Richard Hoagland which lasted for several months,
> > that Joe Firmage shares in this "mission" with David Norris and ISUR.COM.
> >
> > It appears to me that ISUR.COM 'investigators' and their 'leadership', share an
> > common unfettered compulsion: a need to engage in web and publicity onslought
> > towards those engaging in the otherwise innocent pursuit of a hobby or the
> > serious profession of studying the ins and outs of the UFO-logy medium, despite
> > the fact that same is protected under the 1st Ammendment of the Constitution,
> > and the libelous defamation and anonymous slander and harmful punition of
> > UFO-logists IS NOT and is probably a crime. In most cases, the practitioners
> > seem to also interlace some form of fundamentalist perspective of religion,
> > intermingled with their free form hate-speech.
> >
> > Among those who've either participated in the chats on ISUR or are actual
> > investigators, ACC has experienced attacks from about 14 individuals related
> > thereto, in fact four or five of the participants, along with two or three
> > wanderflugels (associated parties) continue to harass ACC on the Internet
> > to this very day, using haven spams ranging from "Anal...@aol.com" to
> > Zetatalk.com, to Riskers.org (recently closed and repointed), to UFOMIND.com
> > to other pages, all engaging in free form lying and uncontrolled defamaiton
> > and libel.
> >
> > For several years, ISUR maintained chat rooms (which we believe have gone under
> > covers behind a locked 'sub website' that you must be an "Isur" appointed and
> > certified "investigator" to participate in.) in which topics coincident to these
> > attacks became orgiastic frenzies of hate mongering, death threats and just about
> > every other form of harassment.
> >
> > In the case of ISUR, the "devil" from christianity, and the "angel" from
> > christianity, appear to surface: the INT (innerterrestrials -demons or angels
> > from God) are suggested to actually be behind all the crop circles, sightings,
> > abductions and cattle mutilations.
> > This tends to reflect the actual agenda of ISSO.ORG, if you recall Firmage on
> > Television talking about how Angels are the "actual ancient aliens", this
> > strange, religious orientation, seems to fundament itself INTO this particular
> > "strangelet of mind" group, that also seems to span Firmage and his sites and
> > ISUR.ORG. It is a truly strange group mind view.
> >
> > ISUR.COM represents a tantalizing glimpse at the CULT methods of
> > "carrot dangling" and "selective recruitment" which appears to suggest
> > that ISUR.COM carefully screens all applicants to make CERTAIN that
> > they are politically aligned with ISUR.COM and will subordinate them to
> > its whims, almost like a supremecist cult. ISUR.COM claims to maintain
> > a worldwide network of people who it seems to suggest are "the elite"
> > of UFO Investigation.
> >
> > The most telling RECRUITMENT PAGE from ISUR.COM, reproduced here
> > for discussion purposes only, may be EXAMINED by clicking the below link:
> >
> > ISUR INVESTIGATOR "RECRUITMENT" Page:
> > http://byamerican.com/isur/isur_investigator_info.html
> > =========================================================
> >
> > Fir Mage on Jeff Rense's "Sightings"
> >
> > Date: Tuesday, 27 July 1999, at 2:05 a.m.
> >
> > In Response To: Re: DOES ISUR.COM recruit people who DEBUNK &
> > ATTACK people within the UFO Community? Or more sinister? (Ben)
> >
> > Josepi Pi Fir Mage's recently mass-emailed epistle, quoted in
> > its entirety:
> >
> > "ISSO Update
> >
> > "Hello all,
> >
> > "It gives me great pleasure to announce that on July 28, 1999,
> > the International Space Sciences Organization will officially be
> > launched. I'll be giving the launch presentation through a national
> > radio broadcast from 8 pm to 10 pm Pacific, as a guest of Jeff
> > Rense's Sightings program. Please plan on visiting the ISSO web
> > site at www.ISSO.org on that date for further details. Station
> > listings by city will be provided, and the transmission will also
> > be available on Broadcast.com.
> >
> > "Also, I'd like to bring your attention to two outstanding books
> > recently published.
> >
> > "The first is The Marriage of Sense and Soul, by Ken Wilber.
> >
> > "Ken is one of the world's most perceptive and lucid philosophers,
> > and his writings are sure to be remembered for decades, perhaps
> > centuries, to come.
> >
> > "In Sense and Soul, Wilber takes the reader through an excellent
> > philosophical discussion of the ontological paradigms of science
> > and religion, and reaches for the conclusion which represents one
> > of the fundamental assertions of my own writings: that science and
> > various traditions of spirituality, however imperfectly
> > institutionalized over time, represent essential and complementary
> > aspects of being.
> >
> > "As readers of my writings know, I believe that science measures and
> > spirit experiences the same ontological unity. Wilber describes more
> > completely than I have thus far a very similar worldview.
> >
> > "The second title I'd recommend you pick up is Future War: Non-Lethal
> > Weapons in Twenty-First-Century Warfare, by John Alexander.
> >
> > "The correlation between my writings and Alexander's rests in the
> > idea that the realization of the sweeping visions that are now
> > becoming plausible for 21st Century society require that we pursue
> > real, tangible steps to end the endemic human propensity for use of
> > force in conflict resolution. If mankind is to evolve on a Cosmic
> > stage and interact with lifeforms advanced perhaps millions or
> > billions of years beyond homo sapiens, we must change our persistent
> > pattern of aggressive behavior. Until there is a fundamental shift in
> > consciousness, no amount of wishing is going to stop conflicts.
> >
> > "No longer a voice in the wilderness, Alexander's work has received
> > the endorsement of many senior military officials. Popular authors,
> > such as Tom Clancy and Michael Crichton have inculcated Alexander's
> > concepts in their books, thus influencing public opinion. Future War
> > contains the first foreword that Tom Clancy has written. Drafted in
> > 1997, Future War prophetically described the events at Columbine High
> > with uncanny accuracy. Other events are coming to pass. To know our
> > intermediate future I recommend you read this authoritative work.
> >
> > "Having had the opportunity to visit with senior officials from every
> > branch of our military, I can state with the highest degree of confidence
> > that the use of military force characterized by 20th Century conflicts
> > cannot be presumed to be effective in dealing with the fundamental threats
> > of the future. As technology improves the individual's ability to project
> > mass lethal force through chemical, biological, and even nuclear means,
> > the strategic landscape which underlies military charters fundamentally
> > changes. The focus for the investment of our resources sharpens where it
> > has always been directed, but now with far greater intensity: individual
> > ethics and education worldwide -- things no machine of war can ever
> > ultimately deliver.
> >
> > "Of course, it's easier for human beings to live peacefully with each
> > other when their aspirations are given the freedom to soar beyond conflict
> > and materialism, as the 30th anniversary of the greatest achievement in
> > human history should remind us.
> >
> > "With that kind of vision as the high water mark to guide us,
> > we're hard at work...
> >
> > "Best regards,
> >
> > "Joe Firmage
> > __________________________________________
> >
> > "Chairman, Int'l Space Sciences Organization"
> > __________________________________________
> >
> > -E N D-
> >
> > Everyone, please extinguish all neg-memes, reboot your brains,
> > and return your minds to their original upright positions.
> > Thank you for breathing Earth Atmosphere Oxygen Air Lines.
> >
> > Jeff Rense's "Sightings":
> > http://www.sightings.com/
>
> What goes on at a rendering plant?
>
> Rendering plants act as an animal disposal unit for dead
> livestock. Instead of burning and disposing of dead
> animals, they are converted to animal feeds. I visited the
> Avon plant in 1993 and witnessed this process, where
> nothing is wasted.
> Area farmers and ranchers are invited to drop off any
> dead farm animal. The animals are crushed up in large
> mulchers and poured into enormous high pressure vats
> where they are cooked into multi-animal stew. The stew
> is further processed until it is packaged and sold to area
> farmers as livestock feed.
> I've witnessed pigs, goats, cows and horses brought to
> rendering plants. The animals were in various conditions.
> Some had been dead for over 24 hours, yet were still
> rendered into livestock feed. None of these animals are
> checked for disease or illness before they enter the food
> chain. Shockingly, many cows that been found
> "mutilated", ( missing various glands, tissue and organs)
> were brought to these rendering factories and processed
> into food for their still living relatives. I was shocked, but
> unlike Great Britain which has had protections against
> such practices since 1989, there are no such guidelines
> here in the United States.
>
> From: Dead Cows I've Known
> By Ted Oliphant III.
> Copyright 1997, all rights reserved
> http://www.isur.com/articles/deadcow1.html
Storms in space 'may
cause heart attacks'
By Roger Highfield and Nick Flowers
RUSSIAN space scientists this week linked
interplanetary shockwaves to increases in heart attacks
and car accidents.
Also they warned that the next onslaught is due,
because the Sun is nearing the peak of its 11-year
cycle of activity. Turbulent magnetic fields will spike its
surface with sunspots and give rise to bursts of energy,
sending writhing balls of plasma into space.
The resulting magnetic storms can interfere with radio,
television and telephone signals, damage satellites and
disrupt satellite communications. The International
Union of Geodesy and Geophysics conference in
Birmingham was told on Tuesday that there may also
be a link between space weather and human health.
Prof Lev Dorman, formerly a researcher in Moscow
and now head of the Israel Cosmic Ray Centre, Tel
Aviv, said: "We urgently need to organise global
research for 2000."
Prof Dorman's group worked with statistics from the
seven million call-outs the Russian ambulance service
deals with each year, analysing data from the last solar
maximum - when the earth is struck by up to three
solar wind shockwaves a month.
In the days following each event, call-outs for heart
attacks, strokes and fatal car accidents each increased
by 15 per cent. Shockwave impacts cause the Earth's
magnetic field to "ring like a bell" and it is thought this
may affect the body.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk:80/et?ac=001430519941234&rtmo=0XiJ2bNq&atmo=99999999&pg=/et/99/7/22/ecnheart22.html