HOMOPHOBIA ASSOCIATED WITH HOMOSEXUAL AROUSAL
Study Links Homophobia with Homosexual Arousal - Questions Whether
It Is Latent Homosexuality Or A Response to Anxiety
Psychoanalytic theory holds that homophobia --the fear, anxiety, anger,
discomfort and aversion that some ostensibly heterosexual people hold
for gay individuals -- is the result of repressed homosexual urges that
the person is either unaware of or denies. A study appearing in the
August issue of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, published by the
American Psychological Association (APA), provides new empirical
evidence that is consistent with that theory.
Researchers at the University of Georgia conducted an experiment
involving 35 homophobic men and 29 non-homophobic men as measured
by the Index of Homophobia scale. All the participants selected for
the study described themselves as exclusively heterosexual both
in terms of sexual arousal and experience.
Each participant was exposed to sexually explicit erotic stimuli
consisting of heterosexual, male homosexual and lesbian videotapes (but
not necessarily in that order). Their degree of sexual arousal was
measured by penile plethysmography, which precisely measures
and records male tumescence.
Men in both groups were aroused by about the same degree by the video
depicting heterosexual sexual behavior and by the video showing two
women engaged in sexual behavior. The only significant difference in
degree of arousal between the two groups occurred when they viewed the
video depicting male homosexual sex: "The homophobic men showed a
significant increase in penile circumference to the male homosexual
video, but the control [non-homophobic] men did not."
Broken down further, the measurements showed that while 66% of the
non-homophobic group showed no significant tumescence while
watching the male homosexual video, only 20% of the homophobic
men showed little or no evidence of arousal. Similarly, while 24%
of the non-homophobic men showed definite tumescence while watching
the homosexual video, 54% of the homophobic men did.
When asked to give their own subjective assessment of the degree to
which they were aroused by watching each of the three videos, men in
both groups gave answers that tracked fairly closely with the results of
the objective physiological measurement, with one exception: the
homophobic men significantly underestimated their degree of arousal by
the male homosexual video.
Do these findings mean, then, that homophobia in men is a reaction to
repressed homosexual urges, as psychoanalysis theorizes? While their
findings are consistent with that theory, the authors note that
there is another, competing theoretical explanation: anxiety.
According to this theory, viewing the male homosexual videotape
may have caused negative emotions (such as anxiety) in the
homophobic men, but not in the non-homophobic men.
As the authors note, "anxiety has been shown to enhance arousal and
erection," and so it is also possible that "a response to homosexual
stimuli [in these men] is a function of the threat condition
rather than sexual arousal per se. These competing notions can
and should be evaluated by future research."
Reference:
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 105, No. 3, pp 440-445.
Is Homophobia Associated With Homosexual Arousal?
by Henry E. Adams, Ph.D., Lester W. Wright, Jr., Ph.D.
and Bethany A. Lohr
Via:
http://www.selfhelpmagazine.com/articles/glb/glbtphobia.html
Here are links to the paper and the questionnaire:
https://www.psychologytoday.com/files/u47/Henry_et_al.pdf
http://www.bgsu.edu/downloads/sa/file14259.pdf