>
http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/09/07/090907fa_fact_grann?cur...
we must give the sociopath(conservative)credit for being so
transparent.
http://www.mcafee.cc/Bin/sb.html
Profile of the Sociopath
This website summarizes some of the common features of descriptions of
the behavior of sociopaths.
•
• Glibness and Superficial Charm
• Manipulative and Conning
They never recognize the rights of others
and see their self-serving behaviors as permissible. They appear to be
charming, yet are covertly hostile and domineering, seeing their
victim as merely an instrument to be used. They may dominate and
humiliate their victims.
• Grandiose Sense of Self
Feels entitled to certain things as "their
right."
• Pathological Lying
Has no problem lying coolly and easily and it
is almost impossible for them to be truthful on a consistent basis.
Can create, and get caught up in, a complex belief about their own
powers and abilities. Extremely convincing and even able to pass lie
detector tests.
• Lack of Remorse, Shame or Guilt
A deep seated rage, which is split
off and repressed, is at their core. Does not see others around them
as people, but only as targets and opportunities. Instead of friends,
they have victims and accomplices who end up as victims. The end
always justifies the means and they let nothing stand in their way.
• Shallow Emotions
When they show what seems to be warmth, joy, love
and compassion it is more feigned than experienced and serves an
ulterior motive. Outraged by insignificant matters, yet remaining
unmoved and cold by what would upset a normal person. Since they are
not genuine, neither are their promises.
• Incapacity for Love
• Need for Stimulation
Living on the edge. Verbal outbursts and
physical punishments are normal. Promiscuity and gambling are common.
• Callousness/Lack of Empathy
Unable to empathize with the pain of
their victims, having only contempt for others' feelings of distress
and readily taking advantage of them.
• Poor Behavioral Controls/Impulsive Nature
Rage and abuse,
alternating with small expressions of love and approval produce an
addictive cycle for abuser and abused, as well as creating
hopelessness in the victim. Believe they are all-powerful, all-
knowing, entitled to every wish, no sense of personal boundaries, no
concern for their impact on others.
• Early Behavior Problems/Juvenile Delinquency
Usually has a history
of behavioral and academic difficulties, yet "gets by" by conning
others. Problems in making and keeping friends; aberrant behaviors
such as cruelty to people or animals, stealing, etc.
• Irresponsibility/Unreliability
Not concerned about wrecking
others' lives and dreams. Oblivious or indifferent to the devastation
they cause. Does not accept blame themselves, but blames others, even
for acts they obviously committed.
• Promiscuous Sexual Behavior/Infidelity
Promiscuity, child sexual
abuse, rape and sexual acting out of all sorts.
• Lack of Realistic Life Plan/Parasitic Lifestyle
Tends to move
around a lot or makes all encompassing promises for the future, poor
work ethic but exploits others effectively.
• Criminal or Entrepreneurial Versatility
Changes their image as
needed to avoid prosecution. Changes life story readily.
Other Related Qualities:
1. Contemptuous of those who seek to understand them
2. Does not perceive that anything is wrong with them
3. Authoritarian
4. Secretive
5. Paranoid
6. Only rarely in difficulty with the law, but seeks out situations
where their tyrannical behavior will be tolerated, condoned, or
admired
7. Conventional appearance
8. Goal of enslavement of their victim(s)
9. Exercises despotic control over every aspect of the victim's life
10. Has an emotional need to justify their crimes and therefore needs
their victim's affirmation (respect, gratitude and love)
11. Ultimate goal is the creation of a willing victim
12. Incapable of real human attachment to another
13. Unable to feel remorse or guilt
14. Extreme narcissism and grandiose
15. May state readily that their goal is to rule the world
(The above traits are based on the psychopathy checklists of H.
Cleckley and R. Hare.)
NOTE: In the 1830's this disorder was called "moral insanity." By 1900
it was changed to "psychopathic personality." More recently it has
been termed "antisocial personality disorder" in the DSM-III and DSM-
IV. Some critics have complained that, in the attempt to rely only on
'objective' criteria, the DSM has broadened the concept to include too
many individuals. The APD category includes people who commit illegal,
immoral or self-serving acts for a variety of reasons and are not
necessarily psychopaths.
DSM-IV Definition
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of regard
for the moral or legal standards in the local culture. There is a
marked inability to get along with others or abide by societal rules.
Individuals with this disorder are sometimes called psychopaths or
sociopaths.
Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-IV)
1. Since the age of fifteen there has been a disregard for and
violation of the right's of others, those right's considered normal by
the local culture, as indicated by at least three of the following:
A. Repeated acts that could lead to arrest.
B. Conning for pleasure or profit, repeated lying, or the use of
aliases.
C. Failure to plan ahead or being impulsive.
D. Repeated assaults on others.
E. Reckless when it comes to their or others safety.
F. Poor work behavior or failure to honor financial obligations.
G. Rationalizing the pain they inflict on others.
2. At least eighteen years in age.
3. Evidence of a Conduct Disorder, with its onset before the age of
fifteen.
4. Symptoms not due to another mental disorder.
Antisocial Personality Disorder Overview (Written by Derek Wood, RN,
BSN, PhD Candidate)
Antisocial Personality Disorder results in what is commonly known as a
Sociopath. The criteria for this disorder require an ongoing disregard
for the rights of others, since the age of 15 years. Some examples of
this disregard are reckless disregard for the safety of themselves or
others, failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful
behaviors, deceitfulness such as repeated lying or deceit for personal
profit or pleasure, and lack of remorse for actions that hurt other
people in any way. Additionally, they must have evidenced a Conduct
Disorder before the age of 15 years, and must be at least 18 years old
to receive this diagnosis.
People with this disorder appear to be charming at times, and make
relationships, but to them, these are relationships in name only. They
are ended whenever necessary or when it suits them, and the
relationships are without depth or meaning, including marriages. They
seem to have an innate ability to find the weakness in people, and are
ready to use these weaknesses to their own ends through deceit,
manipulation, or intimidation, and gain pleasure from doing so.
They appear to be incapable of any true emotions, from love to shame
to guilt. They are quick to anger, but just as quick to let it go,
without holding grudges. No matter what emotion they state they have,
it has no bearing on their future actions or attitudes.
They rarely are able to have jobs that last for any length of time, as
they become easily bored, instead needing constant change. They live
for the moment, forgetting the past, and not planning the future, not
thinking ahead what consequences their actions will have. They want
immediate rewards and gratification. There currently is no form of
psychotherapy that works with those with antisocial personality
disorder, as those with this disorder have no desire to change
themselves, which is a prerequisite. No medication is available
either. The only treatment is the prevention of the disorder in the
early stages, when a child first begins to show the symptoms of
conduct disorder.
THE PSYCHOPATH NEXT DOOR (Source:
http://chericola57.tripod.com/infinite.html)
Psychopath. We hear the word and images of Bernardo, Manson and Dahmer
pop into our heads; no doubt Ted Bundy too. But they're the bottom of
the barrel -- most of the two million psychopaths in North America
aren't murderers. They're our friends, lovers and co-workers. They're
outgoing and persuasive, dazzling you with charm and flattery. Often
you aren't even aware they've taken you for a ride -- until it's too
late.
Psychopaths exhibit a Jekyll and Hyde personality. "They play a part
so they can get what they want," says Dr. Sheila Willson, a Toronto
psychologist who has helped victims of psychopaths. The guy who
showers a woman with excessive attention is much more capable of
getting her to lend him money, and to put up with him when he strays.
The new employee who gains her co-workers' trust has more access to
their chequebooks. And so on. Psychopaths have no conscience and their
only goal is self-gratification. Many of us have been their victims --
at work, through friendships or relationships -- and not one of us can
say, "a psychopath could never fool me."
Think you can spot one? Think again. In general, psychopaths aren't
the product of broken homes or the casualties of a materialistic
society. Rather they come from all walks of life and there is little
evidence that their upbringing affects them. Elements of a
psychopath's personality first become evident at a very early age, due
to biological or genetic factors. Explains Michael Seto, a
psychologist at the Centre for Addiction and Mental health in Toronto,
by the time that a person hits their late teens, the disorder is
almost certainly permanent. Although many clinicians use the terms
psychopath and sociopath interchangeably, writes psychopath expert
Robert Hare on his book 'Without Conscience', a sociopath's criminal
behavior is shaped by social forces and is the result of a
dysfunctional environment.
Psychopaths have only a shallow range of emotions and lack guilt, says
Hare. They often see themselves as victims, and lack remorse or the
ability to empathize with others. "Psychopaths play on the fact that
most of us are trusting and forgiving people," adds Seto. The warning
signs are always there; it's just difficult to see them because once
we trust someone, the friendship becomes a blinder.
Even lovers get taken for a ride by psychopaths. For a psychopath, a
romantic relationship is just another opportunity to find a trusting
partner who will buy into the lies. It's primarily why a psychopath
rarely stays in a relationship for the long term, and often is
involved with three or four partners at once, says Willson. To a
psychopath, everything about a relationship is a game. Willson refers
to the movie 'Sliding Doors' to illustrate her point. In the film, the
main character comes home early after just having been fired from her
job. Only moments ago, her boyfriend has let another woman out the
front door. But in a matter of minutes he is the attentive and
concerned boyfriend, taking her out to dinner and devoting the entire
night to comforting her. All the while he's planning to leave the next
day on a trip with the other woman.
The boyfriend displays typical psychopathic characteristics because he
falsely displays deep emotion toward the relationship, says Willson.
In reality, he's less concerned with his girlfriend's depression than
with making sure she's clueless about the other woman's existence. In
the romance department, psychopaths have an ability to gain your
affection quickly, disarming you with words, intriguing you with
grandiose plans. If they cheat you'll forgive them, and one day when
they've gone too far, they'll leave you with a broken heart (and an
empty wallet). By then they'll have a new player for their game.
The problem with their game is that we don't often play by their
rules. Where we might occasionally tell a white lie, a psychopath's
lying is compulsive. Most of us experience some degree of guilt about
lying, preventing us from exhibiting such behavior on a regular basis.
"Psychopaths don't discriminate who it is they lie to or cheat," says
Seto. "There's no distinction between friend, family and sucker."
No one wants to be the sucker, so how do we prevent ourselves from
becoming close friends or getting into a relationship with a
psychopath? It's really almost impossible, say Seto and Willson.
Unfortunately, laments Seto, one way is to become more suspicious and
less trusting of others. Our tendency is to forgive when we catch a
loved one in a lie. "Psychopaths play on this fact," he says.
"However, I'm certainly not advocating a world where if someone lies
once or twice, you never speak to them again." What you can do is look
at how often someone lies and how they react when caught. Psychopaths
will lie over and over again, and where other people would sincerely
apologize, a psychopath may apologize but won't stop.
Psychopaths also tend to switch jobs as frequently as they switch
partners, mainly because they don't have the qualities to maintain a
job for the long haul. Their performance is generally erratic, with
chronic absences, misuse of company resources and failed commitments.
Often they aren't even qualified for the job and use fake credentials
to get it. Seto talks of a patient who would get marketing jobs based
on his image; he was a presentable and charming man who layered his
conversations with educational and occupational references. But it
became evident that the man hadn't a clue what he was talking about,
and was unable to hold down a job.
How do you make sure you don't get fooled when you're hiring someone
to baby-sit your child or for any other job? Hire based on reputation
and not image, says Willson. Check references thoroughly. Psychopaths
tend to give vague and inconsistent replies. Of course the best way to
solve this problem would be to cure psychopaths of their 'illness.'
But there's no recipe for treating them, say psychiatrists. Today's
traditional methods of psychotherapy (psychoanalysis, group and one-on-
one therapy) and drug treatments have failed. Therapy is more likely
to work when an individual admits there's a problem and wants to
change. The common problem with psychopaths, says Sets, "Is they don't
see a problem with their behavior."
Psychopaths don't seek therapy willingly, says Seto. Rather, they're
pushed into it by a desperate relative or by a court order. To a
psychopath, a therapist is just one more person who must be conned,
and the psychopath plays the part right until the therapist is
convinced of his or her 'rehabilitation.'
Even though we can't treat psychopaths effectively with therapy, it
doesn't mean we can't protect ourselves, writes Hare. Willson agrees,
citing the most important factor in keeping psychopaths at bay is to
know your vulnerabilities. We need to "realize our own potential and
maximize our strengths" so that our insecurities don't overcome us.
Because, she says, a psychopath is a chameleon who becomes "an image
of what you haven't done for yourself." Over time, she says, "their
appearance of perfection will begin to crack," but by that time you
will have been emotionally and perhaps financially scathed. There
comes a time when you realize there's no point in searching for
answers; the only thing is to move on.
Taken in part from MW -- By Caroline Konrad -- September 1999
THE MALIGNANT PERSONALITY:
These people are mentally ill and extremely dangerous! The following
precautions will help to protect you from the destructive acts of
which they are capable.
First, to recognize them, keep the following guidelines in mind.
(1) They are habitual liars. They seem incapable of either knowing or
telling the truth about anything.
(2) They are egotistical to the point of narcissism. They really
believe they are set apart from the rest of humanity by some special
grace.
(3) They scapegoat; they are incapable of either having the insight or
willingness to accept responsibility for anything they do. Whatever
the problem, it is always someone else's fault.
(4) They are remorselessly vindictive when thwarted or exposed.
(5) Genuine religious, moral, or other values play no part in their
lives. They have no empathy for others and are capable of violence.
Under older psychological terminology, they fall into the category of
psychopath or sociopath, but unlike the typical psychopath, their
behavior is masked by a superficial social facade.
If you have come into conflict with such a person or persons, do the
following immediately!
(1) Notify your friends and relatives of what has happened.
Do not be vague. Name names, and specify dates and circumstances.
Identify witnesses if possible and provide supporting documentation if
any is available.
(2) Inform the police. The police will do nothing with this
information except to keep it on file, since they are powerless to act
until a crime has been committed. Unfortunately, that often is usually
too late for the victim. Nevertheless, place the information in their
hands.
Obviously, if you are assaulted or threatened before witnesses, you
can get a restraining order, but those are palliative at best.
(3) Local law enforcement agencies are usually under pressure if
wealthy or politically powerful individuals are involved, so include
state and federal agencies as well and tell the locals that you have.
In my own experience, one agency that can help in a pinch is the
Criminal Investigation Division of the Internal Revenue Service or (in
Canada) Victims Services at your local police unit. It is not easy to
think of the IRS as a potential friend, but a Swedish study showed
that malignant types (the Swedes called them bullies) usually commit
some felony or other by the age of twenty. If the family is wealthy,
the fact may never come to light, but many felonies involve tax
evasion, and in such cases, the IRS is interested indeed. If large
amounts of money are involved, the IRS may solve all your problems for
you. For obvious reasons the Drug Enforcement Agency may also be an
appropriate agency to approach. The FBI is an important agency to
contact, because although the FBI does not have jurisdiction over
murder or assault, if informed, they do have an active interest in any
other law enforcement agencies that do not follow through with an
honest investigation and prosecution should a murder occur. Civil
rights are involved at that point. No local crooked lawyer, judge, or
corrupt police official wants to be within a country mile if that
comes to light! It is in such cases that wealthy psychopaths discover
just how firm the "friends" they count on to cover up for them really
are! Even some of the drug cartel biggies will scuttle for cover if
someone picks up the brick their thugs hide under. Exposure is bad for
business.
(4) Make sure that several of your friends have the information in the
event something happens to you. That way, an appropriate investigation
will follow if you are harmed. Don't tell other people who has the
information, because then something bad could happen to them as well.
Instruct friends to take such an incident to the newspapers and other
media.
If you are dealing with someone who has considerable money, you must
realize that they probably won't try to harm you themselves, they will
contract with someone to make the hit. The malignant type is a coward
and will not expose himself or herself to personal danger if he or she
can avoid it.
Update: A thorough article. You may also find more at
http://sociopathworld.com/.
I, the creator of this site, am not a psychologist and no special
expertise in the subject. I created the site as a public service,
because no similar site existed in 2003. I occasionally get sad calls
and emails. I urge you to consult either a clinical psychologist or
the police depending on the problem you face, and wish you good luck.
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http://www.americainwwii.com/articles/2009/getting-inside.html
GETTING INSIDE HITLER’S HEAD
When America’s spymaster hired a psychiatrist to figure out the
Führer, the result was disturbing—and, as history showed, accurate.
by Brian John Murphy
Americans laughed when they saw Adolf Hitler for the first time. For
most of them, it happened in a movie theater, watching a March of Time
newsreel before a feature film. They laughed out loud at his Charlie
Chaplin mustache, his unruly forelock, and his frenzied speechmaking.
As they saw and heard him more and more over the following years,
however, they stopped laughing and started worrying.
“Providence has ordained that I should be the greatest liberator of
humanity,” Hitler crowed. “I am freeing man from the restraints of an
intelligence that has taken charge, from the dirty and degrading self-
mortification of a false vision called ‘conscience and morality,’ and
from the demands of a freedom and independence which only a very few
can bear…. The Ten Commandments have lost their validity. ’Conscience’
is a Jewish invention, a blemish like circumcision.”
Americans were soon viewing newsreels of Nazis persecuting Jews on the
streets of Germany. They watched ominously massive armies on the
march. When Hitler began to unleash the horrors of World War II, they
were wracked with questions: How did a man like this gain control of a
cultured nation such as Germany? After the slaughter of World War I,
why did he want another, bigger war? What would a man like this do
when cornered?
US Colonel William “Wild Bill” Donovan wanted answers to these and
other questions. He had met Hitler in his travels in the 1930s, and
came away from the encounter convinced a second world war was all but
certain. By 1941, that war was well under way and US entry into it
looked increasingly inevitable. So, President Franklin Roosevelt
turned to Donovan, a Medal of Honor winner and commander of the
Fighting 69th (the 69th New York Volunteer Regiment) in World War I,
to head what would become America’s first national intelligence
agency, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Donovan immediately
set out to understand his enemy. He wanted to know what made him tick.
He wanted to see what was going on inside Hitler’s head.
Hitler’s Psychoanalyst
Psychoanalysis was what Donovan was after. “What kind of a person is
he?” Donovan asked. “What are his ambitions? How does he appear to the
German people? What is he like with his associates? What is his
background? …In addition, we ought to know what he might do if things
begin to go against him.” Donovan chose Dr. Walter C. Langer, a
Harvard psychoanalyst, to do the job. A student of Anna Freud for
eight years in Vienna, Austria, and a friend of her father, Sigmund,
Langer was a strong choice to head the project. He had a solid
reputation among the elite psychiatrists of his day.
Hitler was not about to lie on Langer’s couch. Forced to render an
assessment of his subject in absentia, Langer relied on writings and
speeches. He had to read between the lines to grasp the real meaning
of Hitler’s words. He consulted witnesses and information from
published materials. The data piled up. What Langer called his “Hitler
source book” grew to about 11,000 pages. From this he created the
equivalent of what would today be called a criminal profile.
The Analysis
It would have been easy simply to pronounce Hitler insane, but that
would not have offered the OSS any help in dealing with him Langer
first determined that Hitler was most likely “a neurotic psychopath.”
He proceeded with his study from there. “With this diagnosis as our
starting point of orientation,” he wrote, “we were able to evaluate
the data in terms of probability.”
Some of the witnesses Langer consulted had fled Germany in fear for
their lives. They included men like Ernst “Putzi” Hanfstaengel, a
close friend of Hitler in the 1920s, and Otto Strasser, whose brother
Gregor was a high-ranking Nazi party official until he was murdered on
Hitler’s orders in 1933. Witnesses like these had legitimate grudges
against Hitler and may have fabricated or exaggerated lurid details
about his private life. Nevertheless, the predictions of Hitler’s
future behavior that Langer made based on these testimonies ultimately
proved accurate. Langer’s conclusions seem as valid as those of a
present-day FBI criminal profile.
Origins of a Sociopath
Langer began his in-depth analysis with Hitler’s childhood conflicts
and traumas. In Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed his family was typical for
its time: “Father, a faithful civil servant, the mother devoting
herself to the cares of the household and looking after her children
with eternally the same loving care.” This struck Langer as oddly
terse. What was Hitler hiding?
The answer, Langer believed, lay elsewhere in Mein Kampf, where Hitler
discussed a family he considered typical. Langer concluded it was
Hitler’s own family. “Among the five children there is a boy, let us
say, of three...,” Hitler wrote. “When the parents fight almost daily,
their brutality leaves nothing to the imagination…, brutal attacks on
the part of the father towards the mother…, assaults due to
drunkenness. The poor little boy at the age of six, senses things
which would make even a grown-up person shudder…. When [the father]
finally comes home..., drunk and brutal…, then God have mercy on the
scenes which follow. I witnessed all of this personally in hundreds of
scenes…with both disgust and indignation….” Langer reasoned that “when
we remember the few friends that Hitler has made in the course of his
life, and not a single intimate friend, one wonders where he had the
opportunity of observing these scenes personally, hundreds of times,
if it was not in his own home.”
Hitler’s father, Alois, an Austrian customs official, was known to
have spent a lot of his time in taverns. His wife and some combination
of his five children often had to help take him home. He was a tyrant
at home, often severely beating his wife and son.
Besides these more obvious family problems, Langer deduced, the young
Hitler saw his parents having intercourse. He came away from the
experience feeling angry and jealous toward his father, rage at his
mother’s seeming betrayal, and indignation at his own inability to
rescue her.
Manipulating Mom and the Masses
Hitler’s mother, Klara, was Alois’s third wife and his cousin. Twenty-
two years younger than Alois, she moved into his house while he was
still married to his second wife. Klara lost as many as three babies
before Adolf was born, and she compensated by spoiling him rotten. He
learned to manipulate his mother to get his way, throwing temper
tantrums that always ended with her caving in. As an adult politician,
Hitler used a similar tactic for imposing his will on others and in
dealing with opposition and frustration. “His behavior is…extremely
violent and shows an utter lack of emotional control,” Langer wrote.
“In the worst rages he undoubtedly acts like a spoiled child who
cannot have his own way and bangs his fists on the tables and walls.
He scolds and shouts and stammers and on some occasions foaming saliva
gathers in the corners of his mouth….”
As Fuhrer, Hitler threw one of his infamous tantrums after a random
scrap of information was tossed out at a meeting with generals Alfred
Jodl and Franz Halder in 1942. Halder reported that the Soviet Union
was manufacturing 1,200 tanks a month. Hitler exploded, advancing with
balled fists on Halder. Shaking with anger, his face literally purple
with fury, he screamed, “Don’t ever utter such idiotic nonsense again!
I forbid it!” Jodl later said “Never in my life did I experience such
an outburst of rage from any human being.”
The equivalent of screaming tantrums can be found in Hitler’s
speeches. His violent addresses, filled with vivid emotion and
theatrical gestures, were quite a departure from typical German
political oratory. It was all manipulation, as with his mother. Langer
believed that Hitler’s success as a speaker taught him to equate the
crowd with the feminine character of his mother. “Someone who does not
understand the…feminine character of the masses will never be an
effective speaker,” Langer quoted Hitler as saying. “Ask yourself:
‘What does a woman expect from a man?’ Clearness, decision, power and
action! …The crowd is not only like a woman, but women constitute the
most important element in an audience. The women usually lead…. The
people, in an overwhelming majority, are so feminine in their nature
and attitude that their activities and thoughts are motivated less by
sober consideration than by feeling and sentiment.”
From Troubled Boyhood to the Gutter
Hitler was 12 years old in 1903 when his father died. Though the loss
may have seemed more a relief than a tragedy, the young Hitler, a
formerly promising student, began to fall behind in school. His
troubles continued, and in his teens he was accused of sexual
misconduct with a much younger schoolgirl. He would retain this taste
for very young, pretty, well-built, and stupid girls well into his
40s. He avoided expulsion for the misconduct, but later dropped out of
school, spending much of the family’s meager income on clothing and
watercolors and adopting the pose of the tragic artist. He moved to
Vienna in 1905 and lived a bohemian lifestyle on his orphan’s pension
and support from his mother.
Hitler then suffered two personal catastrophes. First, he applied for
study at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, but was rejected because he
was poor at drawing people. Then his mother died on December 21, 1907,
after a bout with cancer. He now directed the affection he could no
longer give to her toward his country. “Germany became a symbol of his
ideal mother,” Langer wrote.
On the other hand, Hitler directed the hate he felt for his late
father toward Austria. He spewed venom at multi-ethnic Vienna with
twisted vehemence. “The racial conglomeration which ruled the Imperial
capital was repugnant to me,” he wrote. “Equally repugnant was the
whole national hodgepodge of Czechs, Hungarians, Ruthenians, Serbs,
Croats, etc.—and in the midst of it all, that eternal split fungus of
humanity, Jews and again Jews!” A down-and-out bum in Vienna, wearing
clothes donated by a kindly Jew, Hitler read the vile anti-Jewish
propaganda that was rife in the capital and ate it up. Increasingly,
Langer says, Hitler blamed the Jews for every evil in the world and in
his own life.
Hitler’s transfers of affection to Germany and hatred to Austria had
massive consequences. “Unconsciously,” Langer wrote, “he is not
dealing with nations composed of millions of individuals but is trying
to solve his personal conflicts and rectify the injustices of his
childhood…. He projects his personal problems on great nations and
then tries to solve them on this unrealistic level…. We can now
understand why Hitler fell on his knees and thanked God when the
[First World] War broke out. To him it [was] an opportunity of
fighting for his symbolic mother—of proving his manhood and of being
accepted by her.”
The War-Lover
In 1914 Hitler joined Bavaria’s List Regiment and soon found himself
on the Western Front. Langer said the regiment was Hitler’s first real
home. He was a brave soldier and won the Iron Cross, second and first
class, an almost unheard-of honor for an enlisted man. He yielded
completely to authority and enthused about battle in a way combat
soldiers never do. His taste for war led his captain to exclaim, “I’ll
never make that hysterical fellow an officer!”
Hitler turned out to be the regiment’s odd man out. “His failure in
personal intercourse misled him more and more into contempt for his
fellow-men,” Munich journalist Konrad Heiden testified about the man
who called humankind “laughable cosmic bacterium.” Hitler turned to
spying on his fellow soldiers after the war ended, denouncing those
who were sympathetic to the socialist movement in Bavaria known as the
Munich Soviet. Some of Hitler’s wartime comrades were even hanged
thanks to his spying. “There will be no peace in the land until a body
is hanging from every lamp-post,” he said.
Langer said Hitler avoided contact with women through his army years.
His sexual life was twisted by an unhealthy love for his mother, and
he grew up sexually dysfunctional. By the end of the war, he was
morbidly afraid of syphilis and associated sex with excrement and
degradation. When he did develop a sex life, as he became a confident
and powerful politician, he indulged in practices that are impossible
to describe delicately.
Between his sick tastes and the callous way he treated his lovers, it
is not surprising that six of his former lady friends attempted
suicide. Two of them succeeded. One was his own niece, Geli Raubal,
who had lived with him since age 17. Longtime mistress Eva Braun, who
met Hitler at age 17, twice tried to kill herself.
Langer said Hitler’s sex life alienated him from people in general and
figured into his anti-Semitism. “From a psychological point of view it
is not too far-fetched to suppose that as the perversion developed and
became more disgusting to Hitler’s ego, its demands were disowned and
projected upon the Jew,” Langer wrote. “By this process the Jew became
a symbol of everything that Hitler hated in himself.”
Hitler’s sexual preferences held promise as a negative propaganda
tool. Langer went to some length dissecting Hitler’s appearance, his
walk, and his manner of expressing himself, to suggest he may have
been bisexual. Although being gay is no longer a negative for many
Westerners, in the 1940s homosexuality was a devastating accusation.
Today Langer’s would-be evidence looks like homophobic stereotyping
and is not taken very seriously.
Taking Political Power
Hitler was an unlikely-looking candidate to lead what Germans thought
of as the Aryan race. Rather than the professed ideal—tall, well
proportioned, blond, blue-eyed, and handsome—Hitler was short, dark-
haired, longnosed, and hollow-chested. It was said at the time—quietly
— that if he were not the Führer, he would fail to meet the enlistment
standards for his own bodyguard regiment.
Langer observed that Hitler’s mysterious but very real charisma as a
public speaker overcame his looks in his rise to power. “Hitler
responds to the vibration of the human heart with the delicacy of a
seismograph…, enabling him…to act as a loudspeaker proclaiming the
most secret desires, the least permissible instincts, the sufferings
and revolts of a whole nation,” Otto Strasser wrote. Langer concluded
that “it was this Hitler that the German people knew at first hand.
Hitler, the fiery orator, who tirelessly rushed from one meeting to
another, working himself to the point of exhaustion in their behalf;
Hitler, whose heart and soul were in the Cause and who struggled
endlessly against overwhelming odds and obstacles to open their eyes
to the true state of affairs…who could arouse their emotions and
channelize them…whose words burned into the most secret recesses of
their minds….”
Losing physical power
We know now that many emotional and mental disorders can have medical
causes and are treatable medically. Since Langer’s study, we have
learned that Hitler’s behavioral traits may have been made worse by
the medical care he received. He was treated for war wounds, a polyp
on his vocal chords, and tinnitis (persistent ringing in the ears). He
self-medicated for stomach distress with a so-called remedy marketed
as Dr. Koester’s Anti-Gas Pills. His eventual personal physician,
Theodor Morell, was a quack. Morell gave Hitler daily injections of
methamphetamine, plus extra doses as requested. He certainly looked
like a prematurely old meth addict in his last years, and his health
was further sapped by other quack cures that Morell provided,
including an oral bacteria supplement cultured from the feces of “a
hearty Bulgarian peasant.”
Morell may well have been largely responsible for Hitler’s rapid aging
from 1940 to 1945. Witnesses describe the 56-year-old Hitler in 1945
as a shuffling old man wearing a uniform spotted with food and
grasping for a handhold every few steps. His left hand trembled
violently. Cake crumbs clung to the corners of his mouth. The bags
under his eyes were swollen and dark. He drooled. His untreated high
blood pressure had developed into coronary artery disease. By April
1945 he had little left physically or mentally.
Predictions Fulfilled
Langer finished his profile of Hitler in 1943. The document circulated
among the top military brass in Washington, and Roosevelt himself
probably read it. But it had little or no effect on political or
military policy.
The Hitler Langer profiled was a man with a boundlessly grandiose
concept of himself. Langer said Hitler believed fate set him apart as
a superman, a chosen one, the messiah of a future German empire, who
was infallible except for when he had engaged in what he called “the
Jewish Christ-creed with its effeminate pity-ethics.” When crossed,
Hitler wanted retribution that was godlike in its devastation.
Langer accurately predicted Hitler’s intentions toward the Jews. They
symbolized for him everything Hitler detested in himself, and he
wished to wreak unlimited vengeance on them. The factory system of
extermination he and his henchmen developed took the lives of more
than six million European Jews and millions more Slavs, gypsies,
homosexuals, intellectuals, and clergy.
Langer also predicted that Hitler’s personality was incapable of
dealing with military defeat, and that losing the war might drive the
Führer insane. “Hitler has many characteristics which border on the
schizophrenic,” Langer wrote. “It is possible that when faced with
defeat his psychological structure may collapse and leave him at the
mercy of his unconscious forces.” By the time the Russians reached the
gates of Berlin, Hitler had become fully delusional, ordering
divisions and corps that had long since ceased to exist into battle,
begging his associates to tell him there was some hope the war could
be turned around, and finally sinking into a deep, apathetic
depression as his ability to manage events evaporated. “As Germany
suffers successive defeats Hitler…will feel himself more and more
vulnerable to attack…, and his rages will increase in frequency,”
Langer prophesied. “He will probably try to compensate for his
vulnerability…by continually stressing his brutality and ruthlessness.
“His public appearances will become less and less for…he is unable to
face a critical audience…. His nightmares will probably increase in
frequency…and drive him closer to a nervous collapse. It is not wholly
improbable that in the end he might lock himself into [a] symbolic
womb and defy the world to get him….
“In any case, his mental condition will continue to deteriorate. He
will fight as long as he can with any weapon or technique that can be
conjured up to meet the emergency. The course he will follow will
almost certainly…drag the world down in flames.” Langer was right. In
1945, with the war lost, Hitler ordered his army and the SS to destroy
Germany— its factories and shops, its canals and bridges, its
railroads and autobahns, its farms and granaries. The German people,
he declared, were unworthy of his genius and had proven themselves
cowards. He wanted to avenge his fate on those he had pretended to
love.
Finally, Langer predicted Hitler’s suicide. “This is the most
plausible outcome,” he wrote. “Not only has he frequently threatened
to commit suicide, but from what we know of his psychology it is the
most likely possibility. It is probably true that he has an inordinate
fear of death, but being an hysteric he could undoubtedly screw
himself up into the super-man character and perform the deed.”
Suicide was always on Hitler’s mind. When the Soviets retook
Stalingrad from the Germans in 1943, Hitler was outraged that his
180,000 surrendering troops did not kill themselves as a gesture of
loyalty to him. Two years later, in a bunker, Hitler handed out
cyanide capsules like party favors to his closest friends. On April
30, 1945, he and his wife of one day, Eva Braun, shut themselves in a
small sitting room in the bunker. Braun curled up at one end of the
couch. Hitler sat at the other. Both held a cyanide capsule between
their teeth. Hitler held a small pistol. He raised the gun to his head
and bit down as he pulled the trigger.
Brian John Murphy is a contributing editor of America in WWII. He
lives in Fairfield, Connecticut. This article originally appeared in
the August 2009 issue of the magazine. Order a copy of this issue now.