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Magnetic Current - Edward Leedskalnin

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Nov 21, 2006, 3:46:58 PM11/21/06
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Magnetic Current

Edward Leedskalnin, Rock Gate, Homestead, Florida USA
1945


This writing is lined up so that when you read it you look East, and
all the description you will read about magnetic current, it will be
just as good as your electricity.

Following is the result of my two years experiment with magnets at Rock
Gate, 17 miles Southwest from Miami, Florida, between 25th and 26th
Latitude and 80th and 81st Longitude West.

First I will describe what a magnet is. You have seen straight bar
magnets, U-shape magnets, sphere or ball magnets and Alnico magnets in
many shapes, and usually a hole in the middle. In all magnets one end
of the metal is North Pole and the other South Pole, and those which
have no end one side is North Pole and the other South Pole.

Now about the sphere magnet. If you have a strong magnet you can change
the poles in the sphere in any side you want or take the poles out so
the sphere will not be a magnet anymore. From this you can see that the
metal is not the real magnet. The real magnet is the substance that is
circulating in the metal. Each particle in the substance is an
individual magnet by itself, and both North and South Pole individual
magnets. They are so small that they can pass through everything. In
fact they can pass through easier than through the air. They are in
constant motion, they are running one kind of magnets against the other
kind, and if guided in the right channels they possess perpetual power.
The North and South Pole magnets they are cosmic force, they hold
together this earth and everything on it. Each North and South Pole
magnet is equal in strength, but the strength of each individual magnet
doesn't amount to anything. To be of practical use they will have to
be in great numbers.

In permanent magnets they are circulating in the metal in great
numbers, and they circulate in the following way: Each kind of the
magnets are coming out of their own end of the pole and are running
around, and are running in the other end of the pole and back to its
own end, and then over and over again. All the individual magnets do
not run around. Some run away are never come back, but new ones take
their place.

The earth itself is a great big magnet. In general these North and
South Pole individual magnets are circulating in the same way as in the
permanent magnet metal. The North Pole individual magnets are coming
out of the earth's South Pole and are running around in the earth's
North Pole and back to its own pole, and South Pole individual magnets
are coming out of the earth's North Pole and are running around, and
in earth South Pole and back to its own end, The both North and South
Pole individual magnets start to run over and over again.

In a permanent magnet bar between the poles there is a semi-neutral
part where there is not much going in or out, but on the earth there is
no place where the magnets are not going in or out, but the magnets are
tuning in and out at pole ends more than at the Equator. Now you get
the equipment and I will tell you so you can see for yourself that it
is in the way I have told. Get a permanent magnet bar four inches long.
A U-shape magnet that is strong enough to lift from 10 to 20 pounds. An
Alnico magnet about 3 inches long, 2 and a half inches wide, one inch
thick. Hole in the middle and poles in each end, several feet in length
of hard steel fishing line. Line when it is not in coil it stays
straight and a soft steel welding rod one-eighth of an inch thick and 3
feet long. From the fishing wire and the welding rod you will make
magnets or compasses, and if you hang them up by fine threads by at the
middle and keep them there they will be permanent magnets.

When you are making a magnet pole in the welding rod use U-shape
magnet. A South Pole magnet to make North Pole magnet in the rod. You
can drag the magnet over the rod from end to end, but never stop in the
middle. If you stop in middle there will be an extra pole so it will
disturb the magnet's circulation. Use iron filings to test the rod if
there are any magnets in the middle, and if there is the filings will
cling to it. Then drag the permanent magnet over the rod and it will
take it out. To take the magnet out from rod ends approach or touch the
rod end with the same kind of magnet that is in the rod, by dipping the
rod ends in iron filings, you will see how it works.

Break 3 pieces of the steel fishing line just long enough to go in
between the two poles of the U-shape permanent magnet. Put them endwise
between the two poles, and take them out. Hand one by the middle with
fine thread, and hang it up in East side of the room where there is no
other magnet or metal around. Now you will have a permanent magnet or
compass to test the polarity in other magnets. For more delicate use
hand the magnet in spider web. To test the strength of a magnet use
iron filings.

Put the U-shape permanent magnet 2 feet West from the hanging magnet.
Hold the North Pole magnet level with the hanging magnet, then you will
see that the South Pole of the hanging magnet is turning to you and the
North Pole magnet away from you. Now put the South Pole permanent
magnet pole at the same level; this time the North Pole magnet will
turn to you and South Pole magnet away from you. This experiment shows
two things, one that the magnets can be sent out in straight streams,
and other whatever kind of magnets you are sending out the other kind
of magnets are coming back to you.

Take two pieces of steel fishing line wire, put them in U-shape magnet,
hold a little while, take them out, bend a little back on one end and
hand them up, and make it so that one magnet's lower end is North
Pole magnet and the other South Pole magnet. Make it so that they hang
3 inches apart. Put North Pole North side, and South Pole South side.
Now take the 4-inch long permanent magnet bar, hold North Pole in North
side and South Pole in South side. Raise slowly up to the two hanging
magnets, then you will see that the hanging magnets are closing up. Now
reverse, put North Pole of bar magnet South side and South Pole North
side. This time when bar magnet approaches the hanging magnets will
spread out. This experiment shows that North and South Pole magnets are
equal in strength and that the streams of individual magnets are
running one kind of magnets against the other kind.

Cut a strip of a tin can about 2 inches wide and a foot long. Put the
North Pole of the U shape magnet on top of the strip, and dip the lower
end in iron filings, and see how much it lifts. Now put the South Pole
on top and see how much it lifts. Change several times, then you will
see that the North Pole lifts more than the South Pole. Now put the
North Pole magnet under the iron filing box, and see how much it pushes
up. Now change, put South Pole magnet under the box and see how much it
pushes up. Do this several times, then you will see that the South Pole
magnet pushes up more than North Pole magnet. This experiment shows
again that on level ground the magnets are in equal strength.

Now take the 3-foot long soft steel welding rod. It is already
magnetized as a permanent magnet, hang it with a fine thread so it is
level. Now measure each and you will see that the South end is longer.
In my location at Rock Gate, between 25 and 26 Latitude and 80 and 81
Longitude West, in 3-foot long magnet South Pole end is about a
sixteenth of an inch longer. Farther North it should be longer yet, but
at Equator both ends of the magnet should be equal in length. In
earth's South hemisphere the North Pole end of a magnet should be
longer.

All my hanging magnets or compasses never point to the earth's
magnetic pole, neither to the geographical pole. They point a little
Northeast. The only reason I can figure out why they point in that way
is, looking from the same geographical meridian the North magnetic pole
is on, the South magnetic pole is 115 longitudes West from it. In rough
estimation the earth's South magnetic pole is 260 miles West from the
same meridian the earth's North magnetic pole is on. That causes the
North and South Pole magnets to run in Northeast and Southwest
direction. My location is too far away from the magnetic poles so all
my magnets are guided by the general stream of individual North and
South pole magnets that are passing by.

Now I will tell you what magnetic current is. Magnetic current is the
same as electric current is a wrong expression. Really it is not one
current; they are two currents, one current is composed of North Pole
magnets and the other is composed of South Pole individual magnets in
concentrated streams, and they are running one stream against the other
stream in swirling, screw-like fashion, and with high speed. One
current alone if it be North Pole magnet current or South Pole magnet
current cannot run alone. To run one current will have to run against
the other.

Now I will tell you how the currents are running when they come out of
a car battery, and what they can do. Now get the equipment. First put a
wooden box on the floor, open side up, cut two notches in middle so you
can put a one-eighth of an inch thick and 18-inch long copper wire
across the box. Put the wire one end East, the other West. Stay
yourself West, put car battery South side of the box positive terminal
East, negative terminal West, get two flexible leads and four clips to
fit the battery and the bare copper wire, connect the East end of the
copper wire with positive terminal, clip the West end of the copper
wire with the West end of the copper wire with the West end flexible
lead, leave the connection with negative terminal open.

Break two pieces of the steel fishing line one inch long, put each
piece by middle across the copper wire, one on top of the copper wire
and the other under, hold with your fingers, now touch the negative
terminal with the loose clip, hold until the copper wire gets hot. Take
them off; now you have two magnets, hand them up by the middle with
fine thread. The upper magnet will hang the way it is now, but the one
below will turn around. Break 5 inches long piece of the fishing line,
put the middle of the wire across and on top of the copper wire, touch
the battery, hold until the copper wire gets hot, dip the middle of the
wire in iron filings, then you will see how long a magnet can be made
with this equipment.

Break or cut several pieces of the hard steel fishing as long as to go
between the poles of the U-shape magnet, now hold two pieces of the
steel wire ends up and down, one wire South side of the copper wire,
and the other North side, the lower ends just below the copper wire.
Hold tight and touch the battery, hold until the copper wire gets hot,
now hand them up by upper end just above the copper wire, touch
battery, the South side magnet will swing South, and the North side
magnet will swing North. Put two pieces on top of the copper wire, the
ends just a little over the copper wire. Those ends lying on copper
wire, one pointing South and the other North, hold tight, touch
battery, hold until the copper wire gets hot, take off the one pointing
South is South Pole magnet and the one pointing North is North pole
magnet. Put one wire on top of the copper wire pointing South, other
below pointing North. Magnetize, hang up by tail ends on the copper
wire, touch battery, they both will swing South. Put one wire on tip of
the copper wire pointing North, the other below pointing South,
magnetize, hand up by tail end above the copper wire, touch the
battery, both magnets will swing North.

Cut 6 pieces of fishing wire one inch long, put them by middle on top
and across the copper wire. Hold tight, touch battery, hold until
copper wire gets hot. Take off, now put glass over the copper wire, put
those 6 pieces of magnets on glass, on top of the copper wire
lengthwise just so the ends don't touch each other, touch the
battery, they all will turn across the copper wire; now pull three to
South side and three to North side in the same way, they lie now but
about one-half of an inch away from the copper wire. Now roll all six
together, let loose, and you will see that they won't stay together.
Magnetize one piece in U-shape magnet, put North pole end East on the
copper wire, and South pole West, touch the battery, the magnet will
swing left. Now put South pole East side and North pole West side, this
time the magnet will turn right, take glass off.

Take one piece of hard steel fishing wire, dip in iron filings and see
there is no magnet in it. This time hold the wire up and down, the
lower end on middle of the copper wire, hold tight. Touch the battery,
hold until the copper wire gets hot. Take it off. Dip the wire in iron
filings and you will see that it is no magnet. Why? To make magnets
with currents from batteries and dynamos with a single wire the metal
will have to be put on the wire in such a way so that the magnets which
are coming out of the wire will be running in the metal starting from
the middle of the metal and run to the end and not from end to middle
and across as they did this last time, You have read that to make a
Sought Pole in a coil end that is pointing to you, you will have to run
positive electricity in the coil in a clockwise direction. I can tell
you that the positive electricity has nothing to do with making a South
magnet pole in the coil. Each pole South or North is made by their own
magnets in the way they are running in the wire. This magnet-making
with a single wire, illustrates how all magnets are made.

In a car battery the North Pole magnets run out of positive terminal
and South Pole magnets run out of negative terminal. Bit kinds of
magnets are running, one kind of magnets against the other kind, and
are running in the same right-hand screw fashion. By using the same
whirling motion and running one kind of magnets against the other kind,
they throw their own magnets from the wire in opposite directions. That
is why if you put a magnet metal across the copper wire the one end is
North Pole and the other end South Pole.

Get four pieces of wire size 16, 6 inches long, 2 copper and 2 soft
iron, bend one end of each wire back so the clips can hold it better.
Use copper wire first. Put both wires in clips, connect with battery,
have the wire ends square, now put the loose ends together, and pull
them away. Then you will notice that something is holding you back.
What is it? They are magnets. When you put the ends together, the North
and South Pole magnets are passing from one wire to the other, the
North and South Pole magnets are passing from one wire to the other,
and in doing it they pull the wire ends together. Now put the soft iron
wire in the clips, put the loose ends together, and pull them away.
This time the passing magnets hold the wire ends together stronger. Put
the ends together many times, then you will see which wire end gets red
first, and which will make the bigger bubble in the end, and watch the
little sparks coming out from the bubbles. Stretch the bubbles out
while they are in liquid form, then you will see in the bubble that
something is whirling around. Those little sparks you see coming out of
the bubble, they are not the magnets,, but the magnets are the ones
which throw the sparks out of the bubbles. When all the magnets that
are in the wire, if they cannot pass over to the other wire, they are
expanding the bubble and running out of it and carrying the metal
sparks with them. When the bubble is cool, break it up, then you will
see the space left where the magnets were in.

Get two pieces of lumber, one by six inches, a foot long, nail them
together so that one lies flat on floor and the other on top the edges
up and down. Cut a notch in end in upper piece, 4 inches deep and as
high as to hold a piece of wood or brass that would hold needle points
in ends and have a hole in middle to hold the 3-ffot magnet. Balance
the magnet well so it would stop on its right magnetic position. Now
put the car battery South side positive terminal East and negative
terminal West. Connect the East end of the copper wire with positive
terminal and connect the West end of the copper wire with the West end
lead, hold the copper wire just above the magnet a quarter of an inch
North of magnet's end, hold in level and square. Touch the battery,
then you will see the magnet swinging East. Now put the battery North
side, positive terminal East, negative terminal West, connect West end
of the copper wire with negative terminal, connect East end of copper
wire with East side lead, put the copper wire on top of the magnet a
quarter of an inch South of magnet's end, hold the copper wire just
above in square and level, touch the positive terminal, ten you will
see the magnet swinging West. If the battery is right, magnet strong
enough, and the magnet rod balanced well, it will repeat the same thing
every time.

I think the batteries are not made right. Sometimes there is more of
North Pole magnets than there are South Pole magnets. They should be
equal, the same as from generators which do not run the South Pole
magnets in frame or base, but run directly away the same as they run
the North Pole magnets.

>From the following experiment you will see that the battery is not
balanced right. Put the copper wire across the box, one end East, the
other West, connect one lead a foot West from the East end and the
other lead with West end, hand a magnet in spider web, put the magnet
in same level with the copper wire. Keep the copper wire end a little
away from magnet's North Pole, connect East lead with positive
terminal, tap the negative terminal several times with the loose clip,
and see that the magnet is doing. Change the terminal, change the
tapping, move the box and copper wire to the South Pole end, repeat the
same thing. Then you will notice sometimes the copper wire end pushes
away the North Pole magnet, and sometimes it pulls it in and the same
thing happens with South Pole magnet, and sometimes it does nothing. So
it shows the battery is irregular.

Connect the leads with battery's terminals to make a loop, keep the
leads on the same level with battery, drag a hanging magnet over the
loop and the connections between the battery's terminals. You will
see that one end of the magnet keeps inside the loop, and the other
outside, and the same thing happens when the magnet crosses the
connection between the terminals. This experiment indicates that the
North and South Pole magnet currents are not only running from one
terminal to the other, but are running around in an orbit and are not
only running one time around, but are running many times around until
the North and South Pole individual magnets get thrown out of the wire
by centrifugal force, and by crowding. While the North and South Pole
magnets were in their own terminals they only possessed pushing power,
the pulling power they acquire only if the other kind of magnets are in
front of them, like the permanent magnets if you put the opposite
magnet in front of it, then they will hold together. The same way you
have done with the 6-inches long pieces of copper and soft iron wire.

>From the experiment with the car battery you can see the principle how
permanent magnets are made by North and South Pole individual magnet
currents running in a single wire from battery. How did the magnets get
in there? As I said in the beginning, the North and South Pole magnets
they are the cosmic force, they hold together this earth and everything
on it. Some metals and non-metals have more of the magnets than others.
The North and South Pole magnets have the power to build up and take
down, for instance in welding, in electroplating they put one metals on
the other, and if you burn a metal too much in an electric furnace the
metal will disappear in air.

The North and South Pole magnets were put in the car battery by a
generator. When the North and South Pole magnets went in the battery
they built up a matter that held the magnets themselves, and later on
the acid takes the matter in parts and separates the magnets and sends
them to their own terminals, and from there they come out. In other
batteries the acid takes the zinc in parts and sends the North Pole
magnets to positive terminal and holds the South Pole magnets by itself
for negative terminal. When the connections are made the magnets will
come out of the battery and will come out until the zinc will last.
When the zinc is gone the magnets are gone, too. This should be
sufficient to see that the North and South Pole magnets are holding
everything together. You saw how magnetic currents are made in battery
from metal by acid. Next I will tell you how magnetic currents are made
by permanent and electric magnets, and then without either.

This time you will make an equipment that can be used for four
purposes. Electric magnet, transformer, generator and holder of
perpetual motion. Bend iron or soft steel bar one and one-half inch in
diameter, bend in a U-shape each prong a foot long, and 3 inches
between the prongs, make two spools from brass or aluminum 6 inches
long and bid enough for the bar to go in. Wind 1500 turns of insulated
copper wire, size 16, on each spool. Put on as close to the bend as it
will go. Connect the battery wit the coils so that each current is
running in both coils at the same time, and so that one end of the bar
is North Pole and the other South Pole. Now you have an electric
magnet.

This time the same thing will be a transformer. It will not be
economical, it is only to show how a transformer works. Wind a coil of
1500 turns with insulated copper wire, size 18, on a spool less than 3
inches long, so that one inch and a half square iron rod can go in
easy, get 2 rods, one 3 inches, the other 6 inches long. If possible
have them from laminated iron. Get two radio blue bead, 6 to 8 volt
light bulbs. Now connect one light bulb with the 3-inch coil, put the
coil without a core between the loose ends of the iron prongs, connect
the 6-inch coils with battery, leave negative terminal open. Tap the
negative terminal, then you will see the wire inside the light bulb
turn red. Put the iron core in the coil's hole, tap the battery, this
time it will make light. Why did it not make just as much light. Why
did it not make just as much light the first time? The battery put just
as much magnet in those iron prongs the first time as it did the last
time, but as you see the coil did not get the magnets. Now you see the
soft iron has a lot to do to make magnetic currents.

Magnetic currents, or if you want to call it electric current, make no
light. We only get light if we put obstructions in the light bulbs. In
the light bulbs the wire is so small that all magnets cannot pass
through easily, so they heat the wire up and burn and make light. If
the wire in the light bulb had been as large inside as it is outside
then there would be no light. Hen those individual magnets which are in
the coil would dissipate in air.

Both North and South individual magnet currents which came out of the
car battery and went in the transformer were direct currents, but the
light in the bulb was caused by alternating currents. (Have in mind
that always there are two currents, one current alone cannot run. To
run they have to run one against the other). You transformed currents
in kind.Now I will tell you how to transform currents in strength. To
make higher voltage you wind the coil with smaller wire and more turns
and to have less voltage wind the coil with bigger wire and less turns.
The difference now is that this transformer makes alternating currents
from direct currents and the power line transformers use alternating
currents to make alternating currents in this transformer, the iron
prong ends remain the same magnet pole, but in power line transformers
the magnet poles alternate. In power line transformers the currents
only are in motion and in this transformer the currents are in motion
and you are, too.

Now about the generator. In the first place all currents are
alternating. To get direct currents we have to use a commutator.
Transformers and generators of any description are making the currents
in the same way by filling the coil's iron core with magnets and
letting the iron core push them in and out into the coil. Connect the
battery with the electric magnet, it will be a field magnet now. Put
the 3-inch coil between the iron prongs, and take it out, do it fast,
repeat it, then you will have a steady light in the light bulb. Now you
and the field magnet are a generator. Suppose you had a wheel and many
coils around the wheel turning, then you would be making all kinds of
light. Do not make the machine; I already have the application for
patent in the Patent Office. I made ten different machines to make
magnetic currents, but I found this combination between field magnets
and coils the most efficient. Put the coil in slowly and take it out
slowly, ten you will have no light. That will show, to make magnetic
currents, the time is important.

Put the 6-inch long square rod on top of the two iron prongs, fit well
so it lies even. Connect the battery with electric magnet for a little
while, now disconnect the battery, connect the light bulb with the
electric magnet the same way it was connected with the battery, now
pull off the 6-inch long bar, do it quickly, then you will see light in
the bulb, connect the battery up again with the electric magnet, put
the bar across the iron prongs, hold a while, disconnect the battery.
Now the electric magnet holds perpetual motion. If not disturbed it
will last indefinitely. I held it in this position for 6 months, and
when I pulled off the 6-inch bar I got just as much light out of it as
I got the first time, This experiment shows that if you start the North
and South Pole individual magnets in an orbit, ten they will never
stop. The hanging magnets that hand up and down, they show that there
is motion inside the bar. Hold the perpetual motion holder North Pole
magnet or pole end East and South Pole magnet terminal or pole end
West, now raise it up slowly to the South Pole hanging magnet, then you
will see the South Pole hanging magnet swinging South. Now put the
perpetual motion holder under the North Pole hanging magnet, raise up
slowly, then you will see the North Pole hanging magnet swinging North.
This experiment shows without any doubt that the North and South Pole
individual magnets are running in the same direction as those in the
copper wire, which came out of the car battery, and in both instances
while the magnets are running ahead in whirling motion they used the
right-hand twist.

Get that Alnico magnet, and make it so you can turn it around if
possible more than 2000 revolutions per minute. Connect the light bulb
with the perpetual motion holder, put it on the spinning Alnico magnet
in the hole between the prongs and the square iron bar, now spin the
Alnico magnet around and see how much of the light you get. Now take
the iron bar off, then you will get more of the light. It shows that if
it is closed, some of the magnets which are in the iron prongs will run
around in an orbit, and will not come out, but when the orbit is broken
then they will run in the coil, and the result will be more light.

Put a paper box with plenty of iron filings in it on the horizontally
spinning Alnico magnet, then you will see how the spinning magnet build
up ridges and ditches. Now put the magnet so that it can be turned
vertically. Spin the magnet, then you will see the filings running
against the motion and building up ridges and ditches. Out on finer
filings, then there will be finer ridges and ditches. Spin one way and
then the other way, then you will have some rough idea how magnets
build up the matter.

You made magnetic currents in three different ways, but in principle
they all were made exactly in the same way. Magnetic currents are made
by concentrating, then dividing and then shifting the existing North
and South Pole individual magnets from one place to another. Now I will
illustrate how my best machine for doing it. I will use only one coil,
and one U-shape permanent magnet without using the winding that the
machine uses to increase the permanent magnet strength. If you had a
permanent magnet that the coil you use in the electric magnet would go
in between the prongs of it, then that would be good to demonstrate,
but if you have not, then use the same one you have. Get an iron core
the same dimensions as in the 3-ich coil, but long enough to go between
the permanent magnet prongs. Wind the same number of turns and connect
with the light bulb. Fasten the U-shape permanent magnet very well,
bend up, prongs down, North Pole North, South Pole South. Now push the
coil through the prongs from West to East. Do it fast, then there will
be light in the bulb, now push the coil and stop in the middle, and
then push again, this time you will have two lights while the coil went
through the magnet prongs only once. You had two lights the first time
also, but you did not notice they came in quick succession. When you
pushed the coil's middle up to field magnet's middle the currents
ran in one direction, and when you pushed the coil away from the field
magnet's middle, then the currents reversed, then ran in the other
direction. That is why you got two light flashes while the coil passed
through the field magnet only one time.

Here is the way in which the North and South Pole individual magnet
currents ran while you pushed the coil from West to East through the
field magnet. Take the core out of the coil, wind one layer of wire on
the core and make it so that the North side of the winding's wire's
end points East and South side of the winding wire's end points West.
When you pushed the coil to the middle of the field magnet, the North
Pole magnet current came out of the wire end that is pointing East, and
the South Pole magnet current came out of the wire end that is pointing
West, but when you pushed the coil away from the middle of the field
magnet the currents reversed, then North Pole magnet current came out
of the coil's wire end that is pointing West and South Pole magnet
current came out of the coil's wire end that is pointing East. With
the same winding if the North Pole field magnet had been south side,
and South Pole field magnet North side, then the running of the
currents would be reversed.

When currents reverse they reverse the magnet poles in the coil. Every
time when the coil is approaching the field magnets, the currents which
are made in the coil during that time are making magnet poles in the
coil's core ends, the same as those field magnet poles they are
approaching, but during the time the coil is receding those currents
are making the coil's magnet poles opposite to the field magnets they
are receding from. While you have the small coil handy I will tell more
about magnets. Run South Pole magnet current in the wire end that
points West, and North Pole magnet current in the wire end that points
East. Now North end of the coil is South Pole and South end of the coil
is North Pole. Now run North Pole magnet current in West end of the
wire, and South Pole magnet in East end of the wire. This time the
North end of the coil will be North Pole, and South end of the coil the
South Pole.

You made the one-inch long magnets with a single wire, but if you had
the same size of wire in a coil you now have and would put a bigger
steel bar in the coil then you would have a bigger and stronger magnet,
but to make a stronger magnet yet, you would have to wind more layers
on top of the coil that you have now. When you were making the small
magnets with a single copper wire you wasted too many North and South
Pole individual magnets. You only got in the steel wire a very small
part of the magnets that came out of the copper wire. You are still
wasting the North and South Pole magnets. You do not get one-half of
the magnets in the steel or iron bar from those which are in the coil.

To get more magnet out of a coil, put the coil in steel or iron tube,
then the tube outside the coil will be a magnet the same as the
coil's core, but the magnet poles will be opposite, it means at the
same coil end if the core end is North Pole the tube end will be South
Pole. In this way you will get almost again as much magnet out of the
coil and in the core and tube. You can do better yet, join one end of
the coil's core end with the same metal, joining core with tube, make
two holes in end of metal for the coil wire ends to go out, fasten a
ring on top, now you have the most efficient electric magnet for
lifting purposes. It wastes no magnets that come from your battery or
dynamo.

Take the coil out of the electric magnet, run the currents in the coil,
put a hard steel bar one end to the coil's North Pole, hold awhile,
take away, now the bar is a permanent magnet. That end at coil's side
is South Pole magnet, and the other North Pole magnet. Now this
permanent magnet can make other hard steel bars in permanent magnets
but every magnet that it makes will be a weaker magnet than itself. The
coil made this permanent magnet in the same way that the permanent
magnet in the coil's hole, reverse it, put bar's North Pole end in
coil's South Pole end, run current in the coil for awhile, take the
bar out, now you have a stronger permanent magnet, but the poles are
reversed. This shows that the stronger magnet can change the weaker
magnet.

When you were pushing the coil through the U-shape magnet you got two
flashes in the light bulb with one passage through the U-shape magnet,
and I showed you from which ends of coil's wire the currents came out
while they made the flashes. Now I will make so you can actually see
that it is the way I told you. Take the light bulb off the coil, put
the core in it, connect the coil with a loop that would reach 6 feet
East from the U-shape magnet. Keep the loop end a foot apart, stretch
South side wire straight, make it so it cannot move. Get those little
hanging magnets which hag one end up, the other down, hand the South
Pole magnet on the loop wire, now push the coil through the U-shape
magnet and watch the hanging magnet. First it will swing South, then
North. Now hang North Pole magnet o the wire, watch again while you are
pushing the coil through the U-shape magnet, this time first it will
swing North, then South. Hand both magnets, watch again and you will
see that both magnets at the same time first they swing to their own
side and then to the other side. If the hanging magnets do not swing
while you are pushing the coil through the U-shape magnet, then the
U-shape magnet is not strong enough. The U-shape magnet should be
strong enough to lift 20 pounds. You can put two magnets together or
use electric magnet, and still better you can put the oil in electric
magnet, then you won't to push it. Then you can sit down and tap the
battery and see the hanging magnets swinging. All currents are made in
the same way by filling the coil and iron core with North and South
Pole individual magnets and then giving enough time for the magnets to
get out and then start over again. If you want to use the electric
magnet be sure that the North Pole is in North side, and the South Pole
in South side, and put the coil in the prongs in the same way as it is
now.

Now I will tell you what happened to the U-shape magnet while you
pushed the coil through it from West to East. Set up the 3-foot magnet
so it can turn, put the coil with core in it in the U-shape magnet, now
approach the 3-foot magnet's South Pole with the U-shape magnet's
South Pole. As soon as the 3-foot magnet begins to move you stop and
mark the distance. Take the coil away, approach again as soon as the
3-foot magnet begins to move away, then stop and mark the distance,
then you will see how much strength the U-shape magnet lost while you
were pushing the coil in and halfway ut of the U-shape magnet. The
U-shape magnet was losing its strength up to the time it began to break
away from the iron core, but during the time the U-shape magnet broke
away it regained its strength. The breaking away from the iron core
recharged the U-shape magnet, then it became normal again and ready for
the next start. During the recharging the new supply of magnets came
from the air or the earth's magnetic field.

Now we see how the magnetic currents are made by the U-shape magnet.
You already know that before the coil go in between the U-shape magnet
prongs those little individual magnets were running out of the U-shape
magnet prongs in all directions, but as soon as the coil's ore came
in effective distance from the U-shape magnet's prongs then these
little individual magnets began to run in the core and coil and kept
running until the core broke away fro the U-shape magnet prongs. Now
you see those little individual magnets ran out of the U-shape magnet
and ran in the soft iron core, but the soft iron core never held the
magnets, it pushed them out. To prove it you put 5 or 6 thin iron
strips on edge, slant just so they will not flop over, now approach to
the ends of those strips with a magnet and you will see they flop over,
hold the strips a little loose by the ends, then they will spread out.
I think this is enough to show that the soft iron never held those
magnets. It pushed them out. As soon as those little individual magnets
get pushed out of the soft iron core then they run in the coil. When
they run in the coil they are in bulk form. The coil's part is to
divide those little individual magnets from bulk form in small paths.
Currents can be made with a single wire. The coil is necessary to
increase the amount and strength of the currents. The coil is similar
to any cell battery. One cell alone does not amount to anything. To be
good, many cells have to be in a battery. The same in a coil to be good
many turns have to be in a coil.

When the magnets that are in bulk form enter the coil then the coil
divides them in small paths. When the bulk magnets enter the coil they
fill the coil's wire with North and South Pole individual magnets.
North Pole magnets pointing toward South Pole U-shape magnet and South
Pole pointing toward North Pole U-shape magnet. Now the wire in the
coil is one continuous magnet. One side of the wire is South Pole and
the other North Pole. Now we have those little North and South Pole
individual magnets in the wire, but they are not running in the way we
want. They are running across the wire. We want magnets to run through
the wire lengthwise, but there is only one way to do it, we have to
increase the number of those North and South Pole individual magnets.
To do it the coil will have to approach and enter the U-shape magnet,
but when the coil reaches the middle of the U-shape magnet the limit is
there so the running of the currents stops. In the core and the coil
there is plenty of those little magnets, but they stopped to run
through the wire lengthwise, now they un only across the coil's wire,
to make the magnets run in the wire lengthwise again the coil will have
to get away form the U-shape magnet. As soon as the coil begins to move
away from the U-shape magnet, then those little North and South Pole
individual magnets begin to run again through the wire lengthwise, but
in opposite direction until the magnet sin the iron core are gone.

I told you that the coil is a magnet during the time the currents are
made, now I will show you. Get a small paper box to go in between the
prongs of the U-shape magnet, put iron filings in it. Wrap 6-inch long
soft iron wire with paper, put the wire in box in iron filings, now put
the box between the U-shape magnet prongs. Raise the wire up, then you
will see filing strands clinging to the insulated iron wire. Raise the
wire up slowly, then the filing strands will sag and fall, take the box
out, put the wire in the filings again, raise up and you will see that
the wire is no magnet, but during the time it was between the U-shape
magnet prongs it was a magnet. This shows that during the time the coil
moves through the U-shape magnet the coil becomes a magnet, but its
function is double. Some individual North and South Pole magnets run
through the coil's wire crosswise, and some run through the coil's
wire lengthwise.

Maybe you think that it is not fair to use iron wire to demonstrate how
magnetic currents are made, but I can tell you that if I do not use
iron core in the coil I can make more of the magnetic currents with
soft iron wire coil than I can with copper wire coil, so you see it is
perfectly good t use iron wire to demonstrate how magnetic currents are
made. You can do the same thing with the copper wire in using iron
filings, but only on a smaller scale.

You saw how the magnets are running through a wire crosswise. Now I
will tell you how they are running through the wire lengthwise. Before
the magnets start to run through the wire lengthwise they are lined up
in a square across the wire, one side of the wire is North Pole magnet
wire and the other side is South Pole magnet side. When the coil begins
to approach the middle of the U-shape magnet and the currents begin to
run then the magnets which are in the wire begin to slant. North Pole
magnets pointing East the same as the coil's wire end, where the
North Pole magnet current came out and South Pole magnets pointing West
the same as the coil's wire end where the South Pole magnet current
came out. When the coil reaches the middle of the U-shape magnet then
the currents stop to run. Now the North and South Pole magnets are
pointing across the wire again. When the coil begins to move away from
the middle of the U-shape magnet and the currents begin to run then the
magnets which are in the wire begin to slant, but this time the North
Pole magnets are pointing West the same as the coil's wire end where
the North Pole magnet current comes out and South Pole magnets pointing
East the same as the coil's wire end where the South Pole magnet
current came out. When the coil moves out of the U-shape magnet's
effective distance the currents stop running. This is the way
alternating currents are made.

When the individual North and South Pole magnets are running through a
wire lengthwise they are running in slant and whirling around while
running ahead. You can see the slant by watching the sparks when you
are putting together and pulling away soft iron wire ends which are
connected to the battery by their other ends. To see how the currents
are running out of the coil's wire watch those 6 one-inch long
magnets which lie on the glass. Put those magnets together with ends
even, then let them loose, then you will see that they will roll away
and if the magnets be stronger then they will roll away farther. This
is the way the North and South Pole individual magnets are running out
of the coil's wire lengthwise. The reason the North and South Pole
individual magnets do not run across through the coil is between the
U-shape magnet, the coil's wire is insulated, there is an air space
around every wire and as it is known that the dry air is the best
obstruction for the magnets to go through and as you know the coil is
well insulated so the damp air does not get in. It is well known that
it is many times easier for the magnets to run in metal than in air,
now you see when the magnets run in the wire they hesitate to run out
of the wire across the same way as they came in, so more of the new
magnets are coming in the wire crosswise, then they can get out
crosswise, so they get pushed out through the wire lengthwise. Now you
know how the alternating magnetic currents are made.

You have been wandering why alternating currents can run so far away
from their generators. One reason is between every time the currents
start and stop there is no pressure in the wire so the magnets from the
air run in the wire and when the run starts there already are magnets
in the wire which do not have to come from the generator, so the power
line itself is a small generator which assists the big generator to
furnish the magnets for the currents to run with. I have a generator
that generates currents on a small scale from the air without using any
magnets around it.

Another thing, you have been wondering how a U-shape permanent magnet
can keep its normal strength indefinitely. You know the soft iron does
not hold magnets, but you already have one that holds it. It is the
perpetual motion holder. It illustrated the principle how permanent
magnets are made. All that has to be done is to start the magnets are
made. All that has to be done is to start the magnets to run in an
orbit, then they will never stop. Hard steel U-shape magnets have a
broken orbit, but under proper conditions it is permanent. I think the
structure of the metal is the answer. I have two U-shape magnets. They
look alike, but one is a little harder than the other. The harder one
can lift three pounds more than the softer one. I have been tempering
the other steel magnets, and have noticed that the harder the steel
gets the smaller it becomes. That shows that the metal is more packed
and has less holes in it so the magnets cannot pass through it at full
speed, so they dam up in the prong ends. They come in faster then they
can get out. I think the ability for the soft steel welding rod to hold
magnets is in the metal's fine structure.

The reason I call the results of North and South Pole magnet is because
functions magnetic currents and not electric currents or electricity is
the electricity is connected too much with those non-exiting electrons.
If it had been called magneticity then I would accept it. Magneticity
would indicate that it has a magnetic base and so it would be all
right.

As I said in the beginning, the North and South Pole magnets they are
the cosmic force. They hold together this earth and everything on it,
and they hold the moon together too. The moon's North end holds South
Pole magnets the same as the earth's North end. The moon's South
end holds North Pole the same as the earth's South end. Those people
who have been wondering why the moon does not come down all they have
to do is to give the moon one-half of a turn so that the North end
would be in South side, and the South end in the North side, and then
the moon would come down. At present the earth and moon have like
magnet poles in the same sides so their own magnet poles keep them
apart, but when the poles are reversed, then they will pull together.
Here is a good tip to the rocket people. Make the rocket's head
strong North Pole magnet, and the tail end strong South Pole magnet,
and then lock on the moon's North end, then you will have better
success.

North and South Pole magnets are not only holding together the earth
and moon, but they are turning the earth around on its axis. Those
magnets which are coming form the sun are hitting their own kind of
magnets which are circulating around the earth and they hit more on the
East side than on the West side, and that is what makes the earth turn
around. North and South Pole magnets make the lightning, in earth's
North hemisphere the South Pole magnets are going up and the North Pole
magnets are coming down in the same flash. The North lights are caused
by the North and South Pole magnets passing in concentrated streams,
but the streams are not as much concentrated as they are in the
lightning. The radio waves are made by the North and South Pole
magnets. Now about the magnet size. You know sunlight can go through
glass, paper and leaves, but it cannot go through wood, rock and iron,
but the magnets can go through everything. This shows that each magnet
is smaller than each particle of light.

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