Gumnaam Shaa'ir # 2, part 2; Shah Naseer
Zafar
"Urdu ke gumnaam shaa'ir, aik baaziyaaf # 2" ke shaa'ir haiN Shah
Naseer ud Din, al ma'aroof ba Shah Naseer.
haalaat o vaaqiyaat:
Shah Naseer 1760 meN Delhi meN paidaa huve (intiqaal 1738). in kee umr
kaa ibtidaa'yee zamaana Delhi meN baRee siyaasee aur samaaje hal-chal
kaa thaa, jis se tang aa kar ka'yee ahl e ilm o adab Delhi choR kar
Lucknow sidhaar ga'ye. aise 'aalam meN Delhi meN she'er o suKhan kee
lau jalaa'ye rakhne meN Shah Naseer kaa naam sab se numaayaaN hai.
Shah Naseer Ustad Zauq ke ustaad to the hee (is lihaaz se unheN
"ustaadoN kaa ustaad" kahaa jaa saktaa hai :), vo Zauq se pehle
Bahadur Shah Zafar ke bhee ustaad the. in ke intiqaal ke ba'ad hee
Zauq ke ye masnad naseeb huvee thee. lekin Shah Naseer kee sab se
baRee shanaaKht kuchh aur hai:
Urdu shaa'iree kaa 'Golden Period'
maiN pehle kaheeN arz kar chukaa hooN k 1750-1800 ko ham Urdu
shaa'iree kaa zarreeN daur se ta'abeer kar sakte haiN. is ehd meN Mir,
Sauda, Dard, Qaa'im, Mus'hafi, Aatish, Jur'at, Mir Hassan, vG jaise
bai-misaal shaa'ir sar garm e suKhan the. is daur meN us qism kee
shaa'iree ke namoone vaafir milte haiN jise "az dil raizad, bar dil
Khaizad" (ya'anee "she'er dar'asl vuhee haiN Hasrat/sunte hee jo dil
meN utar jaa'yeN") kahaa jaataa hai. shaa'iraana istilaah meN ise
"kaifee'at" kee shaa'iree kaheN ge (Mir kee baishtar shaa'iree
kaifee'at kee sab se raushan misaal hai).
is"Golden Period" ke foran ba'ad jo daur aayaa, us meN shaa'iroN ko
andaaza hone lagaa k rivaayatee mazaameen to jaise ye asaatiza baandh
ga'ye haiN, us kaa javaab paish karnaa naa-mumkin naheeN to
intihaa'yee mushkil zaroor ho gaa. chunaanche aik taraf to puraane
mazaameen kee sharaab ko na'ye usloob kee botaloN meN bharne ke
tajribaat ki'ye jaane lage to doosree jaanib na'ye na'ye mazaameen e
nau ba nau kee talaash kee ga'yee. is ko "mazmoon aafreenee" kaa naam
diyaa gayaa. aap ne Naseem Dehlvi kaa she'er sunaa hee ho gaa:
mazmoon ke bhee she'er agar hooN
kuchh ho naheeN ga'yee hai Ghazal 'aasiqaana farz
Khayaal bandee
mazmoon aafreenee ke ba'ad ye qadam uThaayaa gayaa k mazmoon bhee door
daraaz se DhoonD ke laa'ye jaa'yeN jin meN ziyaada se ziyaada
tajreedee rang ho. is chalan ko "Khayaal bandee" se mansoob kiyaa
gayaa. hamaare aaj ke shaa'ir Shah Naseer ko Urdu kaa pehlaa "Khayaal
band shaa'ir" kehlaa'ye jaane kaa ezaaz haasil hai.
Khayaal bandee kee jo mash'al Shah Naseer ne raushan kee thee, vo
ba'ad meN Nasikh, Naseem aur Zauq se hotee huvee Ghalib tak pahunchee
jis ne is shama' ko aaftaab kar diyaa.
Ghalib ke ba'ad maGhrab ke zair e asar hamaaree adabee rivaayaat ke
nuqoosh dhundlaane shuru' ho ga'ye. Hali ne to yahaaN tak likh diyaa k
shaa'iree kee asl rooh "asaleeyat" (realism) aur "jaush" (passion)
hai. Hali & Co. itne baa'asar saabit huve k Khaayal bandoN ko (Ghalib
ke istisnaa ke saath) achchhaa yaa aham to kujaa, sire se shaa'ir hee
maan'ne se inkaar kar diyaa gayaa. sab se ziyaada nazla Shah Naseer
par giraa aur nateejatan 20veeN sadee aate aate un kaa naam o nishaan
hee miT gayaa.
Shah Naseer kaa usloob
Shah Naseer kee shaa'iree kee namood Khoon e jigar se naheeN hotee,
bal k vo is kee aabiyaaree arq e dimaaGh se karte haiN. is shaa'iree
meN aap ko sehl e mumtana' naheeN bal k mashshaatagee, hunar-mandee
aur purkaaree mile gee. un ke fan kaa karishma sauz o gudaaz aur jazb
o kaifee'at naheeN bal k mazaameen kee nudrat, alfaaz kee
soorat-garee, taraakeeb kee chustee, qavaafee kee 'ujooba-kaaree aur
radeef kee sahar-taraazee hai. radeef o qaafi'ye kee baat aa'yee hai
meree baat par yaqeen na keeji'ye, ye dekhi'ye:
Khaal e pusht e lab sheereeN hai 'asal kee makkhee
rooh e Farhaad, lipaT ban ke jabal kee makkhee!
teera baKhtaan e azal kaa kabhee dekhaa na furoGh
shab ko jugnoo kee tarah uR ke na jhalkee makkhee
un ko kyaa kaam tavakkul se jo ban jaate haiN
qaab e biriyaanee pe har ahl e daval kee makkhee
dil-rubaa qehr fusooN-saaz hai Bangaala ke
aadmee ko vo banaate haiN 'asal kee makkhee
suKhan apnaa jo shakar raiz e ma'aanee hai Naseer
hai radeef is li'ye is har she'er e Ghazal kee makkhee!
lekin ye to kuchh bhee naheeN, naadir radeefoN kee kuchh aur misaaleN
dekhi'ye:
sadaa hai is aah o chashm e tar *se falak pe bijlee, zameeN pe
baaraaN*
nikal ke dekho Tuk apne ghar *se falak pe bijlee, zameeN pe baaraaN!*
---
shab ko kyoN-kar tujh ko hai phabtaa *sar pe turra haar gale meN*
jooN ParveeN o haala e mah thaa, *sar pe turra haar gale meN*
---
baada kashee ke sikhlaate haiN kyaa hee qareene *saavan bhaadoN*
kaifee'yyat ke, ham ne jo dekhaa, do haiN maheene *saavan bhaadoN*
---
isee tarah basant kee radeef meN Naseer ke qaafiya badal badal kar
ka'yee GhazleN kahee haiN:
us rashk e gul ko dekh chaman meN sahar basant
shabnam naheeN, nisaar kare hai guhar basant
mauj e sabaa bhee soorat e zanjeer hai Naseer
kyaa mausam e bahaar kee laa'ye Khabar basant (wow, kyaa she'er
kahaa hai!)
ab kuchh misaaleN Naseer kee nisbatan saada shaa'iree kee:
us kaakul e pur-Kham kaa Khalal jaa'ye to achchaa
dil, sar se balaa tere ye Tal jaa'ye to achchaa
bause kaa savaal us se karooN hooN to kahe hai
"chup reh! mire kuchh moonh se nikal jaa'ye to achchhaa!" :)
isbaat na ho da'ava e KhooN us pe ilaahee
soorat mire qaatil kee badal jaa'ye to achchhaa
aataa hai to aa, va'ada faraamosh, vagarna
har rauz kaa ye lait o la'al jaa'ye to achchaa
yaa phir
qaatil jo chhupaa huvaa khaRaa hai
daa'o meN lagaa huvaa khaRaa hai
kyoN tan se na nikle jaaN k vo shauKh
kis dhaj se tanaa huvaa khaRaa hai
too shakl e kamaaN, but e sitam kaish
kyoN ham se tanaa huvaa khaRaa hai
ai aatish e ishq e shu'ala rooyaaN
yaaN kaun jalaa huvaa khaRaa hai
yehee vo andaaz hai jo ba'ad meN Zauq aur Daagh vG. ne apnaayaa.
Shah Naseer ke sab se mash'hoor she'er ke saath mazmoon kaa iKhtitaam
kartaa hooN:
Khayaal e zulf e du-taa meN, Naseer, peeTaa kar
gayaa hai saanp nikal, ab lakeer peeTaa kar!
aadaab arz hai,
Zafar
Zafar
>
> mazmoon ke bhee she'er agar hooN
> kuchh ho naheeN ga'yee hai Ghazal 'aasiqaana farz
meree kotaahee se pehlaa misra naa-mukammal reh gayaa thaa. dubaara
arz kiye detaa hooN:
mazmoon ke bhee she'er agar hoN to Khoob haiN
kuchh ho naheeN ga'yee hai Ghazal 'aashiqaana farz
Zafar