1154 - Henry II was crowned king of England; his great achievement was to
strengthen the administration of the country and to establish the Exchequer.
1741 - Vitus Bering, Danish born explorer died of scurvy; he gave his name to
the Bering Sea and Bering Strait and discovered Alaska.
1848 - British author and poet Emily Bronte, famed for her novel ``Wuthering
Heights,'' died.
1851 - Joseph Mallord William Turner, English artist, died. One of the greatest
landscape painters, his use of light anticipated French impressionism.
1863 - Linoleum, the smooth floor-covering, was patented by Frederick Walton of
London.
1888 - Orchestral conductor Fritz Reiner born in Hungary; he led the Chicago
Symphony Orchestra and made many famous recordings, especially of Strauss and
Bartok.
1902 - British actor Sir Ralph Richardson born. He was one of the major
theatrical figures, at home in modern drama as much as in Shakespeare, in
comedy as well as tragedy. His last stage success was with Sir John Gielgud in
Harold Pinter's ``No Man's Land.''
1906 - Leonid Brezhnev born; Soviet president from 1960 and leader from 1964,
he expanded the military machine and was also an architect of detente.
1910 - French writer Jean Genet born; best known for his novels ``Miracle de la
Rose'' and ``Notre-Dames des Fleurs.''
1915 - Edith Piaf, French singer, born as Edith Giovanna Gassion. Known as the
``Little Sparrow,'' she became legendary for her sad and nostalgic songs
including ``La Vie en Rose'' and ``Non, je ne regrette rien.''
1941 - Adolf Hitler took over as commander-in-chief of the German army after
sacking Field Marshal von Brauchitsch.
1944 - Richard Leakey born. A paleontologist and environmentalist, he led a
single-handed crusade against poaching and wildlife land abuse in Kenya.
1965 - Charles de Gaulle won 54.5 percent of the vote in the second and
concluding round of the French presidential election, defeating Francois
Mitterrand.
1996 - Actor Marcello Mastroianni, Italy's quintessential Latin Lover and
master interpreter in Italian and French films, died at his home in Paris, aged
72.
1999 - Veteran Spanish bullfighter Antonio Ordonez, considered one of the
greatest matadors of the century, died aged 66.
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