AGE OF THE EARTH: IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL WARMING DISPUTE
gaedh...@yahoo.com
The Age of the Earth: and the Implications for Climatology
When Geologists, and many other Scientists, look at the earth as if it
is physical evidence, they misinterpret that evidence by assuming it
is millions of years old. It is not.
That assumption, used as a beginning place, has resulted in the
Theories of Geologic Gradualism and Evolution. Beginning from a wrong
assumption, they cannot possibly arrive at a correct conclusion.
When Archeologist look at the ruins of a city, and assume those ruins
are tens of thousands of years old, they misinterpret that evidence.
For example, I remember various estimates of the age of the Egyptian
ruins as being 7 thousand years old, or older. This is a
misinterpretation of the evidence.
This wrong assumption is also responsible for errors in Weather and
Climatology. Beginning at the false assumption that the Polar Ice Cap
is millions of years old, they cannot possibly correctly interpret any
data they discover.
This link is to an example: http://tinyurl.com/y2e44n
This is a chart of the Temperature and CO2 content of the Polar Ice
Cap. This graph is supposed to show the CO2 and Temperature over the
last 4 hundred thousand years! The earth is not over Seven Thousand
Years of age. Not only that; but the earth was destroyed by flood
about 1,500 years after its creation, so the present surface of the
earth - and the Polar Ice Caps - are about or less than 5,500 years of
age.
In looking at the chart/graph (above), if one removes the wrong
assumption of great age, and applies the correct age - that the Data
begins immediately after the flood - then that Data has meaning. I
have altered this image to fit the correct age of the Earth.
See: http://www.geocities.com/gaedhealic/images/Carbon_Temp.jpg
I also marked the three previous warming periods, and added some
comments. What is clearly shown, then, is four periods of Glaciations
in about 5,500 years. The location of the "Medieval Warm Period" is
clearly seen. The period known as the "Little Ice Age" is also
revealed.
FLOOD OF NOAH
Following the Flood of Noah, there was a brief, perhaps 500 year,
period of warmth, high humidity and CO2. Then, following that brief
warm period, the earth's temperature cooled into the First Ice Age.
There appear to have been several, perhaps four, advances of the Ice
Caps and Glaciers.
This Ice Age was followed by a sudden and brief warming period. Then
the temperature cooled into the second Ice age. Again, there appear to
have been several, perhaps five, advances of the Ice Caps and
Glaciers.
Following the Second Ice Age there was a third rapid of warming
climate, which again cooled into the Third Ice Age. During the Third
Ice Age, there may have been six advances of the Ice Caps and
Glaciers.
The Fourth Warm Period then began, again quickly warming the Earth's
Atmosphere. We have some records of this period. Iceland was settled
and Europe experienced the Medieval Warm Period. This was followed by
the Little Ice Age as the Earth's Temperature again cooled as it had
in the past.
It seems intellectually dishonest to say that the sudden warming after
1900 was caused by industrial emission of CO2 when the previous three
warming periods (marked) appear to have been just as quick, and all
four seem to be evenly spaced in time -- as if following a schedule.
What Has Changed?
However, there seems to have been a change following the "Little Ice
Age," since there was no advance of the Ice Caps and Glaciers as
witnessed in the previous cold periods. The years between about 1880
and 1900 appear to be as cool as any preceding cold period. Then,
immediately following that the present warm period began. What Has
Changed?
g
Carbon Criminal Polluters
> The Age of the Earth: and the Implications for Climatology
>
The Nazi History of Prescott Bush -- George W. Bush's grandfather
helped Hitler start WWII.
http://ecosyn.us/Bush-Hitler/Prescott_Bush_Nazi/Nazi_Prescott_Bush.html
Prescott Sheldon Bush did more than forefather two presidents: he
helped
father the bloodiest war the world has ever seen. Some 50 million
people
died because Prescott Bush, and people like him were psychotically
insane
and backed a madman who was just like them. Like his father before
him,
Samuel Prescott Bush, he hated poor people with a murderous passion.
Prescott's father Sam made bundles of cash profiteering off of World
War
One, and Prescott was just as determined to leave his bloody mark on
the
planet. Mass murder urges run in this family's blood.
In 1924 father-in-law George Herbert Walker (another George Bush
psychopath forefather) took Prescott into business helping manage
money at
Harriman & Co. investment house. Harriman money came from EH
Harriman's
fanatical attempt to own every railroad in America. Bert Walker and
old
man Harriman had been neighbors, Bert at One Wall Street, Harriman at
Two
Wall Street, and Bert had helped the kids invest the family fortune
after
dad died. Harriman's biggest lender was Jacob Schiff of Kuhn Loeb Co.,
and
some German brothers named Warburg had married Schiff's daughters.
This
tied together a package of German Warburgs to Harrimans, Walker and
Bush,
and ultimately was to tie them all to Adolph Hitler, the Nazi Party
and
Auschwitz concentration camp.
Max Warburg in Germany passed a deal to Wall Street to buy the
Hamburg-Amerika Shipping Company (now called HAPAG-Lloyd) cheap after
WWI.
Prescott was later to manage this company for the Harriman investors.
With
Max Warburg over there and Schiff-Warburgs over here, there were
plenty of
deals and bargains to be had picking on the carcass of defeated
Germany.
Investor groups raised $50 million and $30 million at a shot. In fact,
poor defeated Germany had to pay off the war debts of it's foes with
Gold
and had none, so it had to borrow gold from Wall Street for that. With
the
post war hyper-inflation of 5000%, investors took out loans in Germany
which were paid off in weeks with bundles of worthless inflated money.
The
middle class was ruthlessly destroyed, Wall Street waxed fat, the
ground
was sown for Hitler to reap a harvest of hatred.
So it ended up that Max Warburg backed up by greenbacks dusted himself
off
after being flattened in WWI and by Hitler-time was on the boards of
over
180 of the biggest corporations in Germany, according the their
biography.
The biggest cartel ever formed in Europe was IG Farben. Modern people
never heard of it because it was broken into three main parts after
Hitler's war, so you know it now as Bayer aspirin, BASF tape cassettes
and
Agfa films. IG Farben was real big and got involved real big in
Auschwitz
later. Max on their board poured in Wall Street money to IG, and soon
Standard Oil and the Rockefellers were involved.
The way that Bush got involved with IG Farben and Auschwitz was
managing
money for Fritz Thyssen. Thyssen had coal and zinc mines in Silesia
area
of Poland, and Thyssen's American bank was run by Harriman & Co.,
Walker
and Bush in NYC, known as Union Banking Corporation. Poland started
asking
that Thyssen's mine pay taxes and Thyssen decided to bet on a German
nationalist, Adolph Hitler to keep the uppity Pollocks in line.
Thyssen
bought the Brown House for Hitler's national headquarters in Berlin,
and
made other contributions. It takes a lot of contributions to meet the
payrole of a private army like the Storm Troopers (SA), with more than
a
million men in uniform, and revolutions take even more. Thyssen
recruited
other industrialists and big businessmen to help foot the bills.
Prescott Bush and George Herbert Walker were perfectly in tune with
Hitler's program. Bush and all of his close circle have a lavishly
documented history as part of the American native eugenics program.
Basically, eugenics means the rich get to be the master race and
decide
who lives and who gets exterminated. Eugenics laws were pioneered here
in
the USA long before Germans started talking about racial hygiene.
These guys were insane, but unfortunately Freud was just inventing
psychology, so nobody knew what the official definition of
"Sociopathy" or
"Antisocial Personality Disorder" was. Looking back the symptoms are
clearly displayed, obvious, easily recognized, and there can be no
mistake
about it -- these guys were nuts.
The problem then, as it is now, is if you have a lot of money you can
be
insane and still run global corporations. John D. Rockefeller was
insane,
a vicious murderous sociopath, but he found eugenics and poured lots
of
money into it: millions and million of dollars, including funding the
Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes which drew up the German eugenics racial
hygiene
program that led to extermination of millions of people. Andrew
Carnegie
also gave millions. Henry Ford was on board. Kelloggs Corn Flakes paid
some of the bills. Most importantly as far as Bush was concerned, his
sugar-daddy Harrimans were central sponsors of the eugenics concepts.
Bush
boss Averell Harriman's sister Mary was so gungho that she was known
as
"Eugenia", and Averell's fingerprints are all over the eugenics
movement.
This was the congregation and this was the church that Prescott Bush
prayed at: The temple of money, the god of death, the "chosen people"
selected by net worth. Prescott Bush was indoctrinated into the Skull
and
Bones Society at Yale, as was Walker, as was Averell Harriman, as was
most
of the people in the Harriman & Company office. It seems that somebody
figured out that white rich males are most susceptable to being
seduced to
the dark side in their senior year of college, and set up a program to
do
that. The lifetime track records of Skull & Bones members shows an
overwhelming preponderance of persons involved in mass murder under
government permission (and they make the government rules that give
them
permission for mass murders).
So here are these WASP nazis praying for a führer to lead them to the
promised land where the rich can kill off the weak without guilt, and
along comes Hitler saying support me every way you can and together we
will make rivers of blood flow. It was the answer to a prayer,
literally.
The evidence is abundant, crystal clear, without shadow of doubt, that
Prescott Bush knew Hitler's program and supported it covertly to the
maximum of his ability. Because Bush was managing Thyssen's bank, he
was
alert to issues related to Thyssen, including Thyssen's backing of
Hitler.
Bush helped manage the Hamburg-American Shipping company, which
starting
in 1933 had Gestapo and SS security officers on ever ship. These ships
carried eugenists to Britain for international eugenics conferences,
and
carried Germans to America for eugenics conferences that Bush, Walker,
Harrimans were involved in hosting. When IG Farben started building in
the
Auschwitz area, it was because of the Thyssen coal mines, which fired
the
power plants, and nazi gold payments to Thyssen moved through Bush's
hands
in NYC.
NYC was the scene of mass marches and protests, boycotts and fanfare
over
the nazi degradations to German jews, and this happened over years --
don't tell me that a banker does not pay attention to boycotts
affecting
major clients interests, or that they don't look into the facts behind
rumors. That's part of an investment banker's job -- anything else
leads
to bankrupcy.
Prescott was a nazi through and through. The nazis were planning war
and
Precott knew about it. Prescott and Thyssen and Warburg made money
betting
on the war industries. Then Warburg got aryanized out of IG Farben,
aryanized out of his own bank, aryanized out of Germany barely
escaping
with his life. Next Thyssen criticised Hitler over Kristallnacht as
excessive, going too far -- in return Thyssen was temporarily given a
taste of concentration camp, then sent home to house (mansion) arrest.
Bush was still managing nazi businesses almost a full year after Pearl
Harbor.
On Oct. 20, 1942, the U.S. government ordered the seizure of Nazi
German
banking operations in New York City which were being conducted by
Prescott
Bush. Under the Trading with the Enemy Act, the government took over
the
Union Banking Corporation, in which Bush was a director. The U.S.
Alien
Property Custodian seized Union Banking Corp.'s stock shares, all of
which
were owned by Prescott Bush, E. Roland `` Bunny '' Harriman, three
Nazi
executives, and two other (Skull & Bones) associates of Bush.
By Oct. 26, 1942, U.S. troops were under way for North Africa. On Oct.
28,
the government issued orders seizing two Nazi front organizations run
by
the Bush-Harriman bank: the Holland-American Trading Corporation and
the
Seamless Steel Equipment Corporation. U.S. forces landed under fire
near
Algiers on Nov. 8, 1942; heavy combat raged throughout November. Nazi
interests in the Silesian-American Corporation, long managed by
Prescott
Bush and his father-in-law George Herbert Walker, were seized under
the
Trading with the Enemy Act on Nov. 17, 1942.
The largest company Bush's UBC helped finance was the German Steel
Trust,
responsible for between one-third and one-half of Nazi iron and
explosives. Prescott Bush was also a director of the Harriman Fifteen
Corporation, (this one owned largely by Roland's brother, Averell
Harriman), which owned about a third of the Consolidated Silesian
Steel
Corporation, the rest owned by Friedrich Flick, (a member of Himmler's
"Circle of Friends" who donated to the S.S.). This one made tanks and
artillary for Hitler's war.
If Bush was stupid he wouldn't have been president of Thyssen's bank,
but
the only way not to know that one was building up Hitler's war machine
from Bush's catbird seat was if one was stupid. So was Bush an idiot
or
amoral? The lifetime track record, and the family values received and
passed down say that he was amoral, a sociopathic killer wolf among
the
sheep.
The IG Farben executives told the court "they didn't know" about the
death
camp at Auschwitz which provided them construction workers. IG owned
40 of
Degussa, and together IG & Degussa owned most of DEGESCH. Executives
are
expected to know what companies they own and how business is in the
subsidiaries. DEGESCH made the Zyklon B for the Auschwitz gas
chambers,
Degussa melted the gold teeth fillings down into ingots with smelters
inside Auschwitz, and IG built their own concentration camp -
Monowitz-Auschwitz - to SS specifications and disposed of used up
exhaused
workers to the gas chambers. Of course they knew, but lied to escape
the
hangman's noose.
Bush lied also, and I won't lie for him by passing on his tired
threadbare
excuses. His father was a killer as Merchant of Death in WWI, his son
and
grandson both have mass murders on their tract record. He was a killer
and
a traitor, a man with a psychotic nazi mind who acted on it. That's
the
story, but check out the facts for yourself.
Google
LINKS GOOGLE FOUND
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"Allen Dulles"
"Averell Harriman"
Results about 533 for
"Allen Dulles"
"Brown Brothers Harriman"
Results about 623 for
"Allen Dulles"
"Brown Brothers Harriman"
Auschwitz
Results about 927 for
"Allen Dulles"
"George Herbert Walker"
Auschwitz
Results about 55 for
"Allen Dulles"
"Prescott Sheldon Bush"
Auschwitz
Results about 140 for
"Allen Dulles"
"Prescott S. Bush" Auschwitz
Results about 1,350 for
"Allen Dulles"
"Prescott Bush" Auschwitz
Results about 232 for
"Prescott Sheldon Bush"
Auschwitz
Results about 322 for
"Prescott S. Bush"
Auschwitz
Results about 6,610 for
"Prescott Bush"
Auschwitz
Results about 746 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
Auschwitz
Results about 625 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"IG Farben"
Results about 561 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Allen Dulles"
Results about 1,010 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Adolph Hitler"
Results about 866 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Fritz Thyssen"
Results about 576 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Nazi Party"
Results about 582 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Third Reich"
Results about 102 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Master Race"
Results about 117 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Josef Mengele"
Results about 973 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Eugenics"
Results about 267 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Race Hygiene"
Results about 64 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Human Betterment League"
Results about 13 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Mary Harriman"
Results about 299 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Planned Parenthood"
Results about 30 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Forced Sterilization"
Results about 189 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Cold Springs Harbor"
Results about 650 for
"Prescott Bush"
"George Herbert Walker"
"Henry Ford"
Roger Coppock
> The Age of the Earth: and the Implications for Climatology
. Not only that; but the earth was destroyed by flood
> about 1,500 years after its creation, so the present surface of the
> earth - and the Polar Ice Caps - are about or less than 5,500 years of
> age.
There are ice cores over 800,000 years old.
For more than the first 100,000 years, the
individual years are easily counted in the
ice. This simply could not be if the ice
were in a universal flood only 5,500 years
ago.
Christian creationism and it's utter disregard
for the facts makes me glad to be a Buddhist.
Christianity gets an especially painful black
eye when 'apologists' make-up more obvious
lies to explain away the many facts that
contradict the tall tales like an Earth about
10,000 years young.
The religion Jesus founded also takes it on the
chin when the tobacco and anti-environmental
lobby use the same tactics developed by the
Christian apologists.
All this makes me glad I am a Buddhist and
therefore don't need to carry these burdens.
Exxon Liars & Thieves
Well you are going to hell then Coppock, where Jesus will personally
over see torturing you like you were in a Bush-GITMO Christian Torture
Chamber every day forever in eternity for not flattering him when you
had the chance.
The denial industry -- TASSC, EXXON & Serial Killer Tobacco Lies
http://environment.guardian.co.uk/climatechange/story/0,,1875762,00.html
For years, a network of fake citizens' groups and bogus scientific
bodies has been claiming that science of global warming is
inconclusive. They set back action on climate change by a decade. But
who funded them? Exxon's involvement is well known, but not the
strange role of Big Tobacco. In the first of three extracts from his
new book, George Monbiot tells a bizarre and shocking new story
ExxonMobil is the world's most profitable corporation. Its sales now
amount to more than $1bn a day. It makes most of this money from oil,
and has more to lose than any other company from efforts to tackle
climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs to sow
doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate
change. But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific
consensus as strong as that which maintains that smoking causes lung
cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's its strategy?
Article continues
The website Exxonsecrets.org, using data found in the company's
official documents, lists 124 organisations that have taken money from
the company or work closely with those that have. These organisations
take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is
contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are
charlatans, liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to
prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy
for no good reason. The findings these organisations dislike are
labelled "junk science". The findings they welcome are labelled "sound
science".
Among the organisations that have been funded by Exxon are such well-
known websites and lobby groups as TechCentralStation, the Cato
Institute and the Heritage Foundation. Some of those on the list have
names that make them look like grassroots citizens' organisations or
academic bodies: the Centre for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global
Change, for example. One or two of them, such as the Congress of
Racial Equality, are citizens' organisations or academic bodies, but
the line they take on climate change is very much like that of the
other sponsored groups. While all these groups are based in America,
their publications are read and cited, and their staff are interviewed
and quoted, all over the world.
By funding a large number of organisations, Exxon helps to create the
impression that doubt about climate change is widespread. For those
who do not understand that scientific findings cannot be trusted if
they have not appeared in peer-reviewed journals, the names of these
institutes help to suggest that serious researchers are challenging
the consensus.
This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is
bogus. On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find
one contradictory study - such as the discovery of tropospheric
cooling, which, in a garbled form, has been used by Peter Hitchens in
the Mail on Sunday - and promote it relentlessly. They will continue
to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for
example, John Christy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted
in August 2005 that his figures were incorrect, yet his initial
findings are still being circulated and championed by many of these
groups, as a quick internet search will show you.
But they do not stop there. The chairman of a group called the Science
and Environmental Policy Project is Frederick Seitz. Seitz is a
physicist who in the 1960s was president of the US National Academy of
Sciences. In 1998, he wrote a document, known as the Oregon Petition,
which has been cited by almost every journalist who claims that
climate change is a myth.
The document reads as follows: "We urge the United States government
to reject the global warming agreement that was written in Kyoto,
Japan, in December 1997, and any other similar proposals. The proposed
limits on greenhouse gases would harm the environment, hinder the
advance of science and technology, and damage the health and welfare
of mankind. There is no convincing scientific evidence that human
release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is
causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating
of the Earth's atmosphere and disruption of the Earth's climate.
Moreover, there is substantial scientific evidence that increases in
atmospheric carbon dioxide produce many beneficial effects upon the
natural plant and animal environments of the Earth."
Anyone with a degree was entitled to sign it. It was attached to a
letter written by Seitz, entitled Research Review of Global Warming
Evidence. The lead author of the "review" that followed Seitz's letter
is a Christian fundamentalist called Arthur B Robinson. He is not a
professional climate scientist. It was co-published by Robinson's
organisation - the Oregon Institute of Science and Medicine - and an
outfit called the George C Marshall Institute, which has received
$630,000 from ExxonMobil since 1998. The other authors were Robinson's
22-year-old son and two employees of the George C Marshall Institute.
The chairman of the George C Marshall Institute was Frederick Seitz.
The paper maintained that: "We are living in an increasingly lush
environment of plants and animals as a result of the carbon dioxide
increase. Our children will enjoy an Earth with far more plant and
animal life than that with which we now are blessed. This is a
wonderful and unexpected gift from the Industrial Revolution."
It was printed in the font and format of the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences: the journal of the organisation of which
Seitz - as he had just reminded his correspondents - was once
president.
Soon after the petition was published, the National Academy of
Sciences released this statement: "The NAS Council would like to make
it clear that this petition has nothing to do with the National
Academy of Sciences and that the manuscript was not published in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences or in any other peer-
reviewed journal. The petition does not reflect the conclusions of
expert reports of the Academy."
But it was too late. Seitz, the Oregon Institute and the George C
Marshall Institute had already circulated tens of thousands of copies,
and the petition had established a major presence on the internet.
Some 17,000 graduates signed it, the majority of whom had no
background in climate science. It has been repeatedly cited - by
global-warming sceptics such as David Bellamy, Melanie Phillips and
others - as a petition by climate scientists. It is promoted by the
Exxon-sponsored sites as evidence that there is no scientific
consensus on climate change.
All this is now well known to climate scientists and
environmentalists. But what I have discovered while researching this
issue is that the corporate funding of lobby groups denying that
manmade climate change is taking place was initiated not by Exxon, or
by any other firm directly involved in the fossil fuel industry. It
was started by the tobacco company Philip Morris.
In December 1992, the US Environmental Protection Agency published a
500-page report called Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking.
It found that "the widespread exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
(ETS) in the United States presents a serious and substantial public
health impact. In adults: ETS is a human lung carcinogen, responsible
for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths annually in US non-smokers.
In children: ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased
risk of lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis and
pneumonia. This report estimates that 150,000 to 300,000 cases
annually in infants and young children up to 18 months of age are
attributable to ETS."
Had it not been for the settlement of a major class action against the
tobacco companies in the US, we would never have been able to see what
happened next. But in 1998 they were forced to publish their internal
documents and post them on the internet.
Within two months of its publication, Philip Morris, the world's
biggest tobacco firm, had devised a strategy for dealing with the
passive-smoking report. In February 1993 Ellen Merlo, its senior vice-
president of corporate affairs, sent a letter to William I Campbell,
Philip Morris's chief executive officer and president, explaining her
intentions: "Our overriding objective is to discredit the EPA
report ... Concurrently, it is our objective to prevent states and
cities, as well as businesses, from passive-smoking bans."
To this end, she had hired a public relations company called APCO. She
had attached the advice it had given her. APCO warned that: "No matter
how strong the arguments, industry spokespeople are, in and of
themselves, not always credible or appropriate messengers."
So the fight against a ban on passive smoking had to be associated
with other people and other issues. Philip Morris, APCO said, needed
to create the impression of a "grassroots" movement - one that had
been formed spontaneously by concerned citizens to fight
"overregulation". It should portray the danger of tobacco smoke as
just one "unfounded fear" among others, such as concerns about
pesticides and cellphones. APCO proposed to set up "a national
coalition intended to educate the media, public officials and the
public about the dangers of 'junk science'. Coalition will address
credibility of government's scientific studies, risk-assessment
techniques and misuse of tax dollars ... Upon formation of Coalition,
key leaders will begin media outreach, eg editorial board tours,
opinion articles, and brief elected officials in selected states."
APCO would found the coalition, write its mission statements, and
"prepare and place opinion articles in key markets". For this it
required $150,000 for its own fees and $75,000 for the coalition's
costs.
By May 1993, as another memo from APCO to Philip Morris shows, the
fake citizens' group had a name: the Advancement of Sound Science
Coalition. It was important, further letters stated, "to ensure that
TASSC has a diverse group of contributors"; to "link the tobacco issue
with other more 'politically correct' products"; and to associate
scientific studies that cast smoking in a bad light with "broader
questions about government research and regulations" - such as "global
warming", "nuclear waste disposal" and "biotechnology". APCO would
engage in the "intensive recruitment of high-profile representatives
from business and industry, scientists, public officials, and other
individuals interested in promoting the use of sound science".
By September 1993, APCO had produced a "Plan for the Public Launching
of TASSC". The media launch would not take place in "Washington, DC or
the top media markets of the country. Rather, we suggest creating a
series of aggressive, decentralised launches in several targeted local
and regional markets across the country. This approach ... avoids
cynical reporters from major media: less reviewing/challenging of
TASSC messages."
The media coverage, the public relations company hoped, would enable
TASSC to "establish an image of a national grassroots coalition". In
case the media asked hostile questions, APCO circulated a sheet of
answers, drafted by Philip Morris. The first question was:
"Isn't it true that Philip Morris created TASSC to act as a front
group for it?
"A: No, not at all. As a large corporation, PM belongs to many
national, regional, and state business, public policy, and legislative
organisations. PM has contributed to TASSC, as we have with various
groups and corporations across the country."
There are clear similarities between the language used and the
approaches adopted by Philip Morris and by the organisations funded by
Exxon. The two lobbies use the same terms, which appear to have been
invented by Philip Morris's consultants. "Junk science" meant peer-
reviewed studies showing that smoking was linked to cancer and other
diseases. "Sound science" meant studies sponsored by the tobacco
industry suggesting that the link was inconclusive. Both lobbies
recognised that their best chance of avoiding regulation was to
challenge the scientific consensus. As a memo from the tobacco company
Brown and Williamson noted, "Doubt is our product since it is the best
means of competing with the 'body of fact' that exists in the mind of
the general public. It is also the means of establishing a
controversy." Both industries also sought to distance themselves from
their own campaigns, creating the impression that they were
spontaneous movements of professionals or ordinary citizens: the
"grassroots".
But the connection goes further than that. TASSC, the "coalition"
created by Philip Morris, was the first and most important of the
corporate-funded organisations denying that climate change is taking
place. It has done more damage to the campaign to halt it than any
other body.
TASSC did as its founders at APCO suggested, and sought funding from
other sources. Between 2000 and 2002 it received $30,000 from Exxon.
The website it has financed - JunkScience.com - has been the main
entrepot for almost every kind of climate-change denial that has found
its way into the mainstream press. It equates environmentalists with
Nazis, communists and terrorists. It flings at us the accusations that
could justifably be levelled against itself: the website claims, for
example, that it is campaigning against "faulty scientific data and
analysis used to advance special and, often, hidden agendas". I have
lost count of the number of correspondents who, while questioning
manmade global warming, have pointed me there.
The man who runs it is called Steve Milloy. In 1992, he started
working for APCO - Philip Morris's consultants. While there, he set up
the JunkScience site. In March 1997, the documents show, he was
appointed TASSC's executive director. By 1998, as he explained in a
memo to TASSC board members, his JunkScience website was was being
funded by TASSC. Both he and the "coalition" continued to receive
money from Philip Morris. An internal document dated February 1998
reveals that TASSC took $200,000 from the tobacco company in 1997.
Philip Morris's 2001 budget document records a payment to Steven
Milloy of $90,000. Altria, Philip Morris's parent company, admits that
Milloy was under contract to the tobacco firm until at least the end
of 2005.
He has done well. You can find his name attached to letters and
articles seeking to discredit passive-smoking studies all over the
internet and in the academic databases. He has even managed to reach
the British Medical Journal: I found a letter from him there which
claimed that the studies it had reported "do not bear out the
hypothesis that maternal smoking/ passive smoking increases cancer
risk among infants". TASSC paid him $126,000 in 2004 for 15 hours'
work a week. Two other organisations are registered at his address:
the Free Enterprise Education Institute and the Free Enterprise Action
Institute. They have received $10,000 and $50,000 respectively from
Exxon. The secretary of the Free Enterprise Action Institute is Thomas
Borelli. Borelli was the Philip Morris executive who oversaw the
payments to TASSC.
Milloy also writes a weekly Junk Science column for the Fox News
website. Without declaring his interests, he has used this column to
pour scorn on studies documenting the medical effects of second-hand
tobacco smoke and showing that climate change is taking place. Even
after Fox News was told about the money he had been receiving from
Philip Morris and Exxon, it continued to employ him, without informing
its readers about his interests.
TASSC's headed notepaper names an advisory board of eight people.
Three of them are listed by Exxonsecrets.org as working for
organisations taking money from Exxon. One of them is Frederick Seitz,
the man who wrote the Oregon Petition, and who chairs the Science and
Environmental Policy Project. In 1979, Seitz became a permanent
consultant to the tobacco company RJ Reynolds. He worked for the firm
until at least 1987, for an annual fee of $65,000. He was in charge of
deciding which medical research projects the company should fund, and
handed out millions of dollars a year to American universities. The
purpose of this funding, a memo from the chairman of RJ Reynolds
shows, was to "refute the criticisms against cigarettes". An undated
note in the Philip Morris archive shows that it was planning a "Seitz
symposium" with the help of TASSC, in which Frederick Seitz would
speak to "40-60 regulators".
The president of Seitz's Science and Environmental Policy Project is a
maverick environmental scientist called S Fred Singer. He has spent
the past few years refuting evidence for manmade climate change. It
was he, for example, who published the misleading claim that most of
the world's glaciers are advancing, which landed David Bellamy in so
much trouble when he repeated it last year. He also had connections
with the tobacco industry. In March 1993, APCO sent a memo to Ellen
Merlo, the vice-president of Philip Morris, who had just commissioned
it to fight the Environmental Protection Agency: "As you know, we have
been working with Dr Fred Singer and Dr Dwight Lee, who have authored
articles on junk science and indoor air quality (IAQ)
respectively ..."
Singer's article, entitled Junk Science at the EPA, claimed that "the
latest 'crisis' - environmental tobacco smoke - has been widely
criticised as the most shocking distortion of scientific evidence
yet". He alleged that the Environmental Protection Agency had had to
"rig the numbers" in its report on passive smoking. This was the
report that Philip Morris and APCO had set out to discredit a month
before Singer wrote his article.
I have no evidence that Fred Singer or his organisation have taken
money from Philip Morris. But many of the other bodies that have been
sponsored by Exxon and have sought to repudiate climate change were
also funded by the tobacco company. Among them are some of the world's
best-known "thinktanks": the Competitive Enterprise Institute, the
Cato Institute, the Heritage Foundation, the Hudson Institute, the
Frontiers of Freedom Institute, the Reason Foundation and the
Independent Institute, as well as George Mason University's Law and
Economics Centre. I can't help wondering whether there is any aspect
of conservative thought in the United States that has not been formed
and funded by the corporations.
Until I came across this material, I believed that the accusations,
the insults and the taunts such people had slung at us
environmentalists were personal: that they really did hate us, and had
found someone who would pay to help them express those feelings. Now I
realise that they have simply transferred their skills.
While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts
of the climate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon and Philip Morris
have been felt all over the world. I have seen their arguments
endlessly repeated in Australia, Canada, India, Russia and the UK. By
dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight
critical years in which urgent international talks should have been
taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it
should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money their
sponsors have spent on them many times over. It is fair to say that
the professional denial industry has delayed effective global action
on climate change by years, just as it helped to delay action against
the tobacco companies.
· This is an edited extract from Heat, by George Monbiot, published by
Allen Lane. To order a copy for £16.99 with free UK p&p (rrp £17.99),
go to Guardian.co.uk/bookshop or call 0870 836 0875.
claudi...@sbcglobal.net
"Roger Coppock" <rcop...@adnc.com> wrote in message
news:1175393344.9...@p15g2000hsd.googlegroups.com...
> All this makes me glad I am a Buddhist and
> therefore don't need to carry these burdens.
I'm wondering if, maybe, your reluctance to bear burden might explain your
inability to support your many claims with facts.
Insignificant Cockroach Turds
> I'm wondering if, maybe, your reluctance to bear burden might explain your
> inability to support your many claims with facts.
A New Disinformation Campaign, April 30, 1998
This website is posted by federal court order and contains nothing
that was not evidence used in trials. At the trials lawyers had
opportunity of due process of law to object and exclude evidence --
these are the ones that were not excluded.
TASSC "Global Warming"
http://tobaccodocuments.org/all/documents.php?mode=listing&pattern=TASSC+%22Global+Warming%22&document_code=&date_op=&date=&records_per_page=100&sort_by=swishe_rank
TASSC "Singer, F."
http://tobaccodocuments.org/all/documents.php?mode=listing&pattern=TASSC+%22Singer%2C+F.%22&document_code=&date_op=&date=&records_per_page=100&sort_by=swishe_rank
TASSC "Lindzen, R"
http://tobaccodocuments.org/all/documents.php?mode=listing&pattern=TASSC+%22Lindzen%2C+R%22&document_code=&date_op=&date=&records_per_page=100&sort_by=swishe_rank
TASSC "Michaels, P"
http://tobaccodocuments.org/all/documents.php?mode=listing&pattern=TASSC+%22Michaels%2C+P%22&document_code=&date_op=&date=&records_per_page=100&sort_by=swishe_rank
"Patrick J. Michaels"
http://tobaccodocuments.org/all/documents.php?mode=listing&pattern=%22Patrick+J.+Michaels%22&document_code=&date_op=&date=&records_per_page=100&sort_by=swishe_rank
"Patrick Michaels"
http://tobaccodocuments.org/all/documents.php?mode=listing&pattern=%22Patrick+Michaels%22&document_code=&date_op=&date=&records_per_page=100&sort_by=swishe_rank
"Science & Environmental Policy Project"
http://tobaccodocuments.org/all/documents.php?mode=listing&pattern=%22Science+%26+Environmental+Policy+Project%22&document_code=&date_op=&date=&records_per_page=100&sort_by=swishe_rank
A New Disinformation Campaign, April 30, 1998
http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/bulletin.cfm?Issue_ID=521
#596 - A New Disinformation Campaign, April 30, 1998
A new study concludes that this has been the warmest century in 600
years, and that the hottest years during this century have been 1990,
1995, and 1997.[1,2] This is further evidence that global warming is
upon us, and that humans are contributing to it by burning coal and
oil. (See REHW #430, #466.) "Our conclusion was that the warming of
the past few decades appears to be closely tied to emission of
greenhouse gases by humans and not [by] any of the natural factors,"
say Michael E. Mann, principal author of the new study.[1]
The global temperature varies as time passes because of natural
changes in sunlight reaching the Earth, dust from volcanoes (which
reflects sunlight back into space), and changing amounts of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere.
So-called greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide [CO2], but also
methane and a few others that are less important) allow sunlight to
strike the Earth but don't allow heat to escape back into space as
readily, thus trapping heat near the surface, just as the glass roof
on a greenhouse does. Scientists have recognized the existence of this
"greenhouse effect" for about 100 years and they know that, sooner or
later, increasing the amount of "greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere
must warm the planet. Thus scientists don't debate whether greenhouse
gases will cause global warming. They debate when it will be
noticeable, how big the warming will be, and what its consequences
might be.
During the past 100 years, humans burning coal and oil have increased
the atmosphere's concentration of carbon dioxide [CO2] --the main
greenhouse gas --by 25%, and the concentration is still rising.
Actual temperature measurements only go back about 150 years, so
temperatures earlier than that must be inferred from tree rings,
corals and fossils in the oceans, deposits left by glaciers, the
chemical composition of ancient ice at the poles, and fossilized
pollen found in lake sediments. The new study, published in the
British journal NATURE, uses many of these techniques to reconstruct
the Earth's temperature back to the year 1400 A.D.[2]
The new study bolsters the consensus reached in 1996 by an
overwhelming majority of the world's climatologists, that (a) global
warming is probably noticeable now; and (b) human activities are
probably contributing to the rise in the planet's average temperature.
That consensus conclusion was published in the second Assessment
Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),[3]
which is an office of the United Nations Environment Programme and the
World Meteorological Organization.
For their part, the coal and oil corporations are not taking this
scientific consensus lying down. They are fighting back with a multi-
million dollar public relations plan that was recently leaked to the
NEW YORK TIMES.[4] These corporations stand to lose by the global
climate-change agreement reached last December 11 in Kyoto, Japan. The
Kyoto agreement binds the U.S. to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions
to 7% below 1990 levels by the period 2008-2012. For a country like
the U.S., which has steadily rising emissions, the Kyoto agreement
will require cuts as great as 30% to 35% below where emissions would
otherwise be by the year 2012. (See REHW #577.)
In an attempt to undermine the Kyoto agreement, the energy
corporations plan "to recruit a cadre of scientists who share the
industry's views of climate science and to train them in public
relations so they can help convince journalists, politicians, and the
public that the risk of global warming is too uncertain to justify
controls on greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that trap the sun's
heat near Earth."[4] The plan is being spearheaded by Joe Walker, a
public relations representative of the American Petroleum Institute.
The scientific talent for the public relations campaign is being
recruited by Frederick Seitz, who is a physicist, not a climatologist,
but who has an impressive scientific resume as former president of the
American Physical Society, former president of the National Academy of
Sciences (NAS), and president emeritus of Rockefeller University. Dr.
Seitz is also distinguished by being one of the last remaining
scientists who insist that humans have not altered the stratospheric
ozone layer, despite an overwhelming body of evidence to the contrary.
He is currently associated with two libertarian think tanks, the
George C. Marshall Institute and the Advancement of Sound Science
Coalition (see www.marshall.org, www.tassc.org, and www.junkscience.com).
Dr. Seitz injected himself into the climate debate forcefully by
attacking the IPCC just days after publication of the IPCC's consensus
conclusion that humans were probably contributing to global warming.
Writing in the WALL STREET JOURNAL June 12, 1996, Dr. Seitz called the
IPCC report a "major deception on global warming." He accused IPCC
scientists of the most "disturbing corruption of the peer-review
process" that he had ever witnessed. And he accused one particular
scientist, Benjamin Santer, of having made "unauthorized changes" to
the IPCC report for political purposes. It turned out that Seitz had
not attended any of the IPCC meetings, and he had not contacted Santer
to find out whether the changes to the IPCC document were "authorized"
or not. It also turned out that all of Seitz's charges were wrong --
the IPCC report had been peer-reviewed by roughly one thousand
qualified scientists and all of the writing in the final report was
fully authorized.[5]
Dr. Seitz and his associates at the George C. Marshall Institute are
now preparing to release a petition that they reportedly sent to
"virtually every scientist in every field" in the U.S.[6] There are 10
million people with undergraduate degrees in science in the U.S., and
half a million with science Ph.D.s. Of these, 15,000 science graduates
and 6000 with Ph.D. degrees have reportedly signed the petition, which
rejects the Kyoto agreement and argues that increasing levels of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will benefit the planet. The mass
mailing to scientists included a copy of an article formatted to look
as if it had been published in the prestigious, peer-reviewed journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. It was not. The
article, which had been neither peer-reviewed nor published, argued
that the release of more carbon dioxide "will help to maintain and
improve the health, longevity, prosperity, and productivity of all
people." The Union of Concerned Scientists (www.ucsusa.org) has
branded the exercise "a deliberate attempt to deceive the scientific
community with misinformation on the subject of climate change."
According to the NEW YORK TIMES, the energy corporations plan to spend
$5 million over the next two years to "maximize the impact of
scientific views consistent with ours on Congress, the media, and
other key audiences." Their plan calls for spending $600,000 (not
including costs of advertising) on a media campaign to influence
science writers, editors, columnists, and TV network correspondents
using as many as 20 "respected climate scientists" recruited
specifically "to inject credible science and scientific accountability
into the climate science debate, thereby raising questions about and
undercutting the 'prevailing scientific wisdom.'" The energy
corporations say they intend to provide "a one-stop resource for
members of Congress, the media industry, and all others concerned."
This latest plan to "educate" Americans about global warming will be
paid for by Exxon, Chevron, and other supporters of the American
Petroleum Institute. Previous similar attempts in recent years have
been funded by Exxon, Shell Oil, Unocal, ARCO, the British Coal
Corporation, the German Coal Mining Association, and Cyprus Minerals,
a western mining company that is the single biggest funder of the so-
called Wise Use anti-environmental movement in the U.S.[7]
Who knows? With enough money, it may be possible to convince Congress
and the media that global warming is not happening, despite the
evidence, which is considerable (see REHW #430, #466):
** Average global air temperatures have risen this century.
** The oceans have warmed this century;
** The level of the oceans has been rising this century because water
expands as it warms;
** Many glaciers have shrunk this century in response to warming;
** Plants are moving upward on mountainsides as temperatures rise;
** Rainfall --particularly torrential rainfall --has been increasing
this century as global warming has put more water vapor into the air;
** Floods are increasing because of more rainfall;
** In England, where climatic records reach back several hundred
years, spring has been arriving earlier in recent decades;
** The IPCC and the World Health Organization say that global warming
is expanding the range of mosquitoes that carry malaria, yellow fever,
and dengue fever, a trend that will put millions of additional humans
at risk from these diseases. (See REHW #466.)
** Computer models predict that global warming will be accompanied by
more storms and more intense storms, and, in fact, this has been
happening. To protect itself the U.S. insurance industry in 1996
stopped insuring certain storm-prone areas on the eastern seaboard and
along the Gulf coast.[8]
Already severe storms are hurting people in California, Alabama, the
upper midwest, and New England, to mention only U.S. locations where
extreme weather events have struck in recent months. Real people are
suffering. Affected individuals, and all taxpayers, are paying large
costs. If the world scientific consensus is correct, this will
continue until our use of coal and oil is cut by 60% or 70% and the
atmosphere can stabilize again. At present there is no possibility --
none--of achieving such drastic cuts because the oil and coal
companies are too powerful.
Global warming is the most important problem we face because it has
the potential to disrupt every part of the global ecosystem. It is
also the most important because it promises to reveal the fundamental
flaws in the permissive way we treat corporations: (1) we give them
the free- speech protections of the Bill of Rights, allowing them to
spend millions on disinformation campaigns aimed at maintaining a
harmful status quo. And (2) we allow them to manipulate our most basic
democratic institutions by pumping millions of dollars into election
campaigns. It seems clear that if we are to solve the global warming
problem, these two practices will have to change.
--Peter Montague (National Writers Union, UAW Local 1981/AFL-CIO)
=====
[1] William K. Stevens, "New Evidence Finds This is the Warmest
Century in 600 years," NEW YORK TIMES April 28, 1998, pg. C3.
[2] Michael E. Mann and others, "Global-scale temperature patterns and
climate forcing over the past six centuries," NATURE Vol. 392 (April
23, 1998), pgs. 779-787. See also, Gabriele Hegerl, "The past as a
guide to the future," NATURE Vol. 392 (April 23, 1998), pgs. 758-759.
[3] J.J. Houghton and others, editors, CLIMATE CHANGE 1995: THE
SCIENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,
1996).
[4] John H. Cushman, Jr., "Industrial Group Plans to Battle Climate
Treaty," NEW YORK TIMES April 26, 1998, pgs. A1, A24.
[5] Paul N. Edwards and Stephen H. Schneider, "The 1995 IPCC Report:
Broad Consensus or 'Scientific Cleansing,' ECOFABLES/ECOSCIENCE No. 1
(Fall 1997), pgs. 3-9. ECOFABLES/ECOSCIENCE is published by the Center
for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020. E-mail:
ecofa...@bing.stanford.edu; telephone (415) 723-5924; fax: (415) 723-
5920.
[6] Colin Macilwain, "Petition strengthens hand of global warming
skeptics," NATURE Vol. 392 (April 16, 1998), pg. 639.
[7] Ross Gelbspan, "Hot Air on Global Warming; Science and Academia in
the Service of the Fossil Fuel Industry," MULTINATIONAL MONITOR Vol.
18, No. 11 (November 1997), pgs. 14-17.
[8] Joseph B. Treaster, "Insurer Curbing Sales of Policies in Storm
Areas," NEW YORK TIMES October 10, 1996, pgs. A1, D6.
Descriptor terms: global warming; greenhouse effect; corporations;
kyoto; insurance industry; libertarians; think tanks; ipcc;
RPM1
> All this makes me glad I am a Buddhist and
> therefore don't need to carry these burdens.
You don't need to carry ANY burdens such as that of global warming. ;-)
Two monks were arguing about a flag.
One monk said "The flag is moving." The other said "The wind is moving."
The sixth patriarch happened to be passing by. He told them "Not the wind,
not the flag, the mind is moving."
Wind, flag, mind moves.
The same understanding
When the mouth opens
All are wrong.
RCM