The Paradox of our Time

[SusanJ1111]

Jumangi included the following in one of his recent posts, and I thought that
much of it was along the lines of the things that people here used to discuss
and were still interested in, ala "Future Shock", so I thought that I would
point it out. Follows an optimist's point of view, from an e-mail I received
from a good friend. Btw, I have a suggestion for those who occassionally peek
in on the group and are disgusted at its state - killfiles work very well...

The Paradox of our Time
-----------------------

The paradox of our time in history is that we have taller buildings,
but shorter tempers; wider freeways, but narrower viewpoints.

We spend more, but have less; we buy more, but enjoy it less.

We have bigger houses and smaller families; more conveniences, but
less time;

We have more degrees, but less sense; more knowledge, but less
judgment; more experts, but more problems; more medicine, but less
wellness.

We drink too much, smoke too much, spend too recklessly, laugh too
little, drive too fast, get too angry too quickly, stay up too late,
get
up too tired, read too seldom, watch TV too much, and pray too
seldom.

We have multiplied our possessions, but reduced our values.

We talk too much, love too seldom, and hate too often.

We've learned how to make a living, but not a life; we've added years
to life, not life to years.

We've been all the way to the moon and back, but have trouble
crossing the street to meet the new neighbor.

We've conquered outer space, but not inner space.

We've done larger things, but not better things.

We've cleaned up the air, but polluted the soul.

We've split the atom, but not our prejudice.

We write more, but learn less.

We plan more, but accomplish less.

We've learned to rush, but not to wait.

We build more computers to hold more information to produce more
copies than ever, but have less communication.

These are the times of fast foods and slow digestion; tall men, and
short character; steep profits, and shallow relationships.

These are the times of world peace, but domestic warfare; more
leisure, but less fun; more kinds of food, but less nutrition.

These are days of two incomes, but more divorce; of fancier houses,
but broken homes.

These are days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throw-away morality,
one-night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything
from cheer to quiet, to kill.

It is a time when there is much in the show window and nothing in the
stockroom; a time when technology can bring this letter to you, and
a time when you can choose either to share this insight, or to just
hit delete.

------------------

THINGS TO BE THANKFUL FOR:

The mess to clean after a party because it means I
have been surrounded by friends.

The taxes I pay because it means that I'm employed.

The clothes that fit a little too snug because it
means I have enough to eat.

My shadow who watches me work because it means I
am out in the sunshine.

A lawn that needs mowing, windows that need cleaning
and gutters that need fixing because it means I have
a home.

All the complaining I hear about our government because
it means we have freedom of speech.

The space I find at the far end of the parking lot because
it means I am capable of walking.

My huge heating bill because it means I am warm.

The lady behind me in church who sings off key because
it means that I can hear.

The piles of laundry and ironing because it means I have
clothes to wear.

Weariness and aching muscles at the end of the day because
it means I have been productive.

The alarm that goes off in the early morning hours because
it means that I'm alive.

Getting too much email may bog me down but at least I know I
have friends who are thinking of me.

[Fischer]

SusanJ1111 wrote in message
<19991120014024...@ng-xb1.aol.com>...

>Jumangi included the following in one of his recent posts, and I thought
that
>much of it was along the lines of the things that people here used to
discuss
>and were still interested in, ala "Future Shock", so I thought that I would
>point it out. Follows an optimist's point of view, from an e-mail I
received
>from a good friend. Btw, I have a suggestion for those who occassionally
peek
>in on the group and are disgusted at its state

Seeking the truth is indeed very disgusting.

(childish social commentary worthy of Anthony Robbins snipped)

[Old Bogus]

On 20 Nov 1999 06:40:24 GMT, susan...@aol.com (SusanJ1111) wrote:

>Jumangi included the following in one of his recent posts, and I thought that
>much of it was along the lines of the things that people here used to discuss
>and were still interested in, ala "Future Shock", so I thought that I would
>point it out. Follows an optimist's point of view, from an e-mail I received
>from a good friend. Btw, I have a suggestion for those who occassionally peek

>in on the group and are disgusted at its state - killfiles work very well...
>

By having repeatedly had to create filters, I have been getting a lot
of practice! What a bunch of long-winded, narrow minds!

OB

[Osck]

I've never been to this group so I can't know well its subjects, but I
think that this text was too strong and You are not right. This is very
non-optimistic view.

[Scott Corey & Mary Foley]

Susan,

I have to like your post. I suspect we don't have so much more
knowledge as we think, though. What we have a lot of is information,
and what we lack is the any understanding that information is not the
same as knowledge.

Scott

[jum...@my-deja.com]

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> If MODERNISM was the root of 2 world wars, what was the root of the
> Napoleonic Wars and the Seven Years' War (of course, we all know you
> just got your lesson on this event)? The Renaissance?
> What was the root of the Peloponnesian War? Greece's Golden Age?
> What was the root of the Aztec's bloodthirsty hegemony on other
> tribes?

The causes of war in general are NOT difficult to identify, whereas
the task of preventing war is extraordinarily difficult; some might
say impossible. War is caused by (a) population growth, (b) competition
for scarce resources, (c) economic greed, (d) racial agendas, (e) the
"cultural war" and cultural imperialism, (f) religious differences,
(g) ethnic differences, (h) boredom, (i) desire to "demonstrate" some
kind of "nobility" or "superiority" on battlefields, (j) disregard for
the value of human life, (k) insensitivity to individual rights,
(l)intolerance, (m) conflicting legal systems, (n) arrogance of power,
(o) willful ignorance, and (p) even Freud's "thanatos" (death wish).
Of these it is notable how Pyro has exemplified to this newsgroup (a),
(d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), (n), (o), and possibly
(p), so Pyro has been showing at least 13 of these 16 factors, making
Pyro to be a rather -dangerous- incendiary component for war-making.

"Modernism" is a term applied to philosophy, literature, reforms in
the Catholic Church, and political science, and so has many references
dependent upon the chosen context. In general it refers to recasting
of the notions of "good" and "evil" and methods of truth discovery in
terms of the perception of alterated circumstances wrought in large
part by the "industrial revolution" TK identifies in his Manifesto,
which took place over a period of time extending from the 18th-20th
centuries. Modern liberalism, extending from J.S.Mill and others, up
through Karl Marx, was a pernicious sort of propaganda purposed for
the goal of managing a growing working class constituting the sector
of a "labor force" servicing an economy engendered by the industrial
revolution. It is false doctrine because J.S.Mill did not apply the
dialectical methods of Socrates which premised discovery of the Good
upon first correctly discovering truth. Neither Hegel nor Marx were
improvements over Socratic dialectics, but were compromises to the
Socratic "anti-war" philosophy. Marx may be read as -satire- of the
"worldview" offered by the industrial revolution. Modernism's legacy
further became Nietzsche and Ayn Rand, each of which offered variants
to the ancient wisdom which had formerly been -reluctant- to lay any
claims upon Good and Evil, through (for example) Nietzsche's arrogance
or Rand's redefinitions. Many others were also involved in a process
that corrupted ancient wisdom but are too numerous to list here, and
they shared a common thread of premising rhetorical methods even as
they attempted falsely to attire themselves with "dialectics" which
is a method of inquiry poorly understood since Plato and Aristotle.

The 20th-century has just recently been picking up the pieces of
its own legacy that has brought all of history from these past two
millenia under review, with discoveries in contemporary physics that
stem from the theories of Einstein, Bohr, Dirac, Planck, Heisenberg,
Feynman and others, philosophies of Russell, Wittgenstein, C.S.Peirce,
game-theoretic mathematics of VonNeumann, Conway/Berlekamp/Guy, etc.
and the subsequent discoveries of software engineering principles with
computer-development in the latter-half of this 20th-century. Offered
to the 21st-century is the "post-modernism" that superceeded modernist
trends which had culminated with Nietzsche, and also Heidegger to some
degree, though Heidegger might be said to have straddled modernism and
post-modernism. Post-modernism is more further rife with definitional
problems but may be characterized by "artificial intelligence" and a
process of disidentification from the past by means of a transcendent
vision anchored in futurism. Human history from the time of Aristotle
and the New Testament, has been for the most part a long struggle in
darkness which was only recently awakened during the renaissance and
enlightenment periods, then again submerged by that disaster termed
the "industrial revolution" accompanied by philosophical modernism
which was "shocked" back into consciousness following Nietzsche and
a horrible spectacle of World Wars caused by industrializing arrogance
throughout Europe, and the "industrial revolution" sent world-wide.
The "industrial revolution" was not a -political- revolution but a
period of massive technological change induced by right-wing elements
with goals essentially being those to exploit the working classes.
This is the -CAUSE- of much confusion, because in response to that
(non-political but technological) "industrial revolution" from the
right, was the "political revolution" from the left called communism.

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> The astronomy, mathematics, and scientific discoveries of the Maya?

Can you manage to put a -verb- in that question to make sense?

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> ... the IMBECILE who refers to Cochran as a "great philosopher."

Have you offered any evidence, or counter-argument that he's NOT
a "great philosopher?"

-------------------------------------------------------
From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
>
> I. Leftists Are Not Rebels

That's true: rebellion is generally a RIGHT-WING phenomenon.

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
>
> II. Feelings of Inferiority and Rejection of IQ Tests
>
> "The leftist's feelings of inferiority run so deep that he cannot
> tolerate any classification of some things as successful or
> superior and other things as failed or inferior. This also
> underlies the rejection by many leftists of the concept of mental
> illness and of the utility of IQ tests." (Para. 18)

IQ tests also engendered by goals of the "industrial revolution."

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> "Leftists tend to hate anything that has an image of being strong,
> good and successful. They hate America, they hate Western
> civilization, they hate white males, they hate rationality. The
> reasons that leftists give for hating the West, etc. clearly do not
> correspond with their real motives. They SAY they hate the West
> because it is warlike, imperialistic, sexist, ethnocentric and so
> forth, but where these same faults appear in socialist countries or
> in primitive cultures, the leftist finds excuses for them, or at
> best he GRUDGINGLY admits that they exist; whereas he
> ENTHUSIASTICALLY points out (and often greatly exaggerates) these
> faults where they appear in Western civilization. Thus it is clear
> that these faults are not the leftist's real motive for hating
> America and the West. He hates America and the West because they
> are strong and successful." (Para.15)

They are strong and successful due to "industrialized economies."

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> "The problems of the leftist are indicative of the problems of our
> society as a whole. Low self-esteem, depressive tendencies and
> defeatism are not restricted to the left. Though they are
> especially noticeable in the left, they are widespread in our
> society." (Para. 32)

And brought about by the "industrial economic revolution."

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
>
> III. Leftist Relativism and Sophistry
>
> "Modern leftist philosophers tend to dismiss reason, science,
> objective reality and to insist that everything is culturally
> relative." (Para. 18)

True, because they're presaging "post-modernism." They're
dismissing the kind of "scientific reason" utilized to justify
only that of "industrializing economic technologies."

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
>
> IV. Politically Correct (Leftist) Censorship
>
> "Leftism is totalitarian force." (Para. 219)

Efforts to marshall "totalitarian leftism" were in counter-response
to the the more insidious and pernicious "totalitarianism" of the
technological control brought on by the "industrial revolution."
TK is saying that technological control is the -REAL- totalitarian
problem, but it does not -appear- as totalitarianism and that's WHY
"technological control over human behavior" is even MORE dangerous:

"152. Generally speaking, technological control
over human behavior will probably not be
introduced with a totalitarian intention or even
through a conscious desire to restrict human
freedom."

Here TK illustrated that -despite- efforts to marshall "totalitarian
leftism," leftists lose to those RIGHT-WING "power-hungry types" with
agendas of "industrial" and/or "totalitarian" technological control.
AND THAT IS THE CRUX OF THE PROBLEM !!! LOSS OF FREEDOM DUE TO THE
RIGHT-WING ELEMENTS WHO WISH TO ASSERT TECHNOLOGICAL CONTROLS VIA THE
STRONG (INDUSTRIAL) POWER BASE. !!! The "losing" of which TK speaks
is the "losing" of FREEDOM to NON-ANARCHISTIC elements of FASCISM !!!

"True, SOME leftists do have the guts to oppose the
totalitarian tendencies that emerge, but they
generally lose, because the power-hungry types are
better organized, are more ruthless and
Machiavellian and have taken care to build
themselves a strong power base."

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> "In the United States, a couple of decades ago when leftists were a
> minority in our universities, leftist professors were vigorous
> proponents of academic freedom, but today, in those universities
> where leftists have become dominant, they have shown themselves
> ready to take away from everyone else's academic freedom. (This is
> 'political correctness.') The same will happen with leftists and
> technology: They will use it to oppress everyone else if they ever
> get it under their own control." (Para. 216)

Correct! ACADEMIC FREEDOM suffers when "political correctness"
tries to take it away! But what is academic freedom? Academic
freedom is the freedom to PURSUE INQUIRY and OBTAIN ANSWERS TO
QUESTIONS OF METHOD EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS OF TRUTH DISCOVERY.
Academic freedom is -AVOIDANCE- of invalid processes in argument.
Academic freedom is -COMPROMISED- by _ad_hominem_ fallacy. It's
not -merely- the leftists who might compromise "academic freedom"
because such compromise could also occur from the -RIGHT-. Both
"left" -AND- "right" can be -GUILTY- of political correctness,
whenever employing methods in discourse which -VIOLATE- normative
standards of ACADEMIC FREEDOM, such as use of logical fallacies.

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
>
> V. Kaczynski on Bolshevism (Jews)

Some, or even most, Bolsheviks were Jews, but you are not following
Kaczynski's argument by construing anti-semitism here. We might also
observe that Hitler's Aryans were "white people" yet criticism of the
Nazi Aryan ideology is not the same as criticizing all "white people."
A general criticism of "white people" DOES NOT FOLLOW from criticism
of Hitler's Nazi Aryan ideology. Instead of looking at the number of
Jews who were Bolsheviks you'd also need to look at the number of Jews
who were -NOT- Bolsheviks. Furthermore, the Russian Tsarist Regime
had to go, one way or another, and I don't hear anybody arguing that
Russia should return to Tsarism.

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
>
> VI. Politically Correct "Enlightenment" and Re-Education
>
> "And as long as anyone harbors in some corner of his mind a
> negative attitude toward some minority, the leftist has to
> re-educate him. And ethnic minorities are not enough; no one can be
> allowed to have a negative attitude toward homosexuals, disabled
> people, fat people, old people, ugly people, and on and on and on."
> (Para. 219)

I do NOT read Kaczynski saying anywhere that people -should-
be allowed to have a "negative attitude" toward ethnic minorities,
sexual deviants, the disabled or unfortunates, much less advocacy
of the "negative attitude." Instead TK is merely -identifying-
what is LIKELY to befall those with a "negative attitude" should
they be choosing to express themselves in that manner. TK does
NOT say that a RESPONSE to that "negative attitude" is unjust.

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> "The leftist is oriented toward largescale collectivism. He
> emphasizes the duty of the individual to serve society and the duty
> of society to take care of the individual. He has a negative
> attitude toward individualism.

Next it was the "leftist" who has a "negative attitude." So if
TK is criticizing leftists on that account, he's also criticizing
any who maintain a "negative attitude" such as those of para.219.

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> "However, the most dangerous leftists of all may be certain
> oversocialized types who avoid irritating displays of
> aggressiveness and refrain from advertising their leftism, but work
> quietly and unobtrusively to promote collectivist values,
> 'enlightened' psychological techniques for socializing children,
> dependence of the individual on the system, and so forth." (Para.
> 230)

And so TK worked "quietly and unobtrusively" until he was caught.
He -AVOIDED- "irritating -displays- of aggressiveness" because he
was working secretly as an anonymous terrorist, and he -REFRAINED-
from "advertising" (the Manifesto) until he was ready to call it
quits. The Manifesto itself comprises Kaczynski's "`enlightened'
psychological technique for socializing children..." (such as Pyro).

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
>
> VII. Leftists Not Allowed to Paticipate in Revolution
>
> "..a movement that exalts nature and opposes technology must take a
> resolutely anti-leftist stance and must avoid all collaboration
> with leftists." (Para. 214)

TK introduced "radical environmentalists" as being -further- to
the left than "leftists" --

"The radical environmentalists ALREADY hold an
ideology that exalts nature and opposes
technology. [30] It is not necessary for the sake
of nature to set up some chimerical utopia or any
new kind of social order."

That "chimerical utopia or any new kind of social order" would be
a RIGHT-WING movement toward the CENTER or RIGHT which is not quite
so far to the left as "the radical environmentalists."

TK says leftists are -UNATTRACTED- "to a rebellious or activist
movement whose goals and membership are not initially leftist." So
leftists would NOT be attracted to RIGHT-WING movments. (duh) TK
specifically -DESCRIBES- how leftists "can easily turn a non-leftist
movement into a leftist one, so that leftist goals replace or distort
the original goals of the movement." THAT'S A RECIPE FOR ANARCHISM !

"213. Because of their need for rebellion and for
membership in a movement, leftists or persons of
similar psychological type often are unattracted
to a rebellious or activist movement whose goals
and membership are not initially leftist. The
resulting influx of leftish types can easily turn
a non-leftist movement into a leftist one, so that
leftist goals replace or distort the original
goals of the movement."

-----------
"214. To avoid this, a movement that exalts nature
and opposes technology must take a resolutely
anti-leftist stance and must avoid all
collaboration with leftists.

Alternatively, if one takes the opposite view of an "anti-leftist
stance" by that of "a movement which exalts nature and opposes
technology" then one -REVERTS- to "the radical environmentalist"
of that above paragraph where TK states: "It is NOT NECESSARY for
the sake of nature to set up some chimerical utopia or any new kind
of social order." So "non-leftism" or "anti-leftism" is FURTHER TO
the LEFT than leftism itself, BECAUSE IT IS ENVIRONMENTAL ANARCHISM
WHICH DOES -NOT- SET UP ANY "UTOPIA" OR "SOCIAL ORDER." IT *-CANNOT-*
BE FASCISM BECAUSE FASCISM IS A CLAIM TO UTOPIAN SOCIAL ORDER !!!!!
TK's -ANARCHISTS- are those who "exalt nature and oppose technology."

TK's political diagram looks like this:
---------------------------------------

-*-
Anti-Technologists | Technologists
------------------ | -------------
|
Non-Left | "utopia"
"Radical \ | / | \
Environmentalists" . . \| / | \ "Fascists"
"revolutionaries" . . . Left ----- Center ----- Right
"Anarchists" . . . . /| \ | / "State
/ | \ | / Communists"
Anti-Left | "social order"
|
-(TK) "Politically Correct" | "Politically Incorrect" (TK)-
------------------- | --------------------- |
| | "Totali-
<------------------ ACADEMIC FREEDOM ---------------> | tarianism"
/ |
"a collection of / "mass movements"
related types" | <--- "true believers" ------------->

TK's "criticism of the Left" applies to that center-line running
through the diagram's Left side. The terms "correct" and "incorrect"
are assigned as TK would wish them assigned, but -reversed- from how
fascists, state communists, totalitarianists, and technologists who
are architects of the "industrial revolution," would assign them.

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> I would like to point out that (in the above quotes) TK clearly
> places Karl Marx and those in his school of thought to the "left",
> contrary to what Scott C. stated a while back. He also places
> liberals, whom he refers to as PC'ers, to the left.

Yes, he criticizes the "politically correct" FOR BEING NOT
SUFFICIENTLY CORRECT, though they are MORE CORRECT than those
on the FASCIST RIGHT he would term "politically incorrect." He
REFERS TO HIMSELF when identifying who is "most sensitive" about
"`politically incorrect' terminology" because TK was AMONG THOSE
"university professors ... from middle- to upper-middle-class
families." The sensitivity of which TK speaks is not merely
that of utilizing the run-of-the-mill "politically correct"
terminology but -furthermore- an additional sensitivity of the
problem of -ABUSE- of that "politically correct" terminology, NOT
because it obscures the FASCIST RIGHT-WING vision but because it
is NOT SUFFICIENTLY TO THE LEFT TO QUALIFY AS ANARCHISM !!!!!
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

"12. Those who are most sensitive about
`politically incorrect' terminology are not the
average black ghetto-dweller, Asian immigrant,
abused woman or disabled person, but a minority of
activists, many of whom do not even belong to any
`oppressed' group but come from privileged strata
of society. Political correctness has its
stronghold among university professors, who have
secure employment with comfortable salaries, and
the majority of whom are heterosexual white males
from middle- to upper-middle-class families."

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> I would also like to point out that (according to my dictionary)
> "revolution" is a sudden and momentous change in a situation.
> Revolution doesn't simply mean "leftist change". It means sudden
> change of any sort, be it good, bad, left, right, or whatever. The
> "eunuch" obviously needs to go back to kindergarten. // <--- YOU !!!

RIGHT-WING CRACKDOWNS ARE SUDDEN AND MOMENTOUS BUT THEY DO NOT
OFFER "CHANGE" IN THE *-GOVERNMENT-* SITUATION. REVOLUTION MUST
BE A "CHANGE" IN THE *-GOVERNMENT-* AND NOT MERELY A SITUATION.

YOU'RE NOW *-LYING-* ABOUT WHAT YOUR DICTIONARY SAYS BECAUSE YOU
*-TOLD-* THIS NEWSGROUP THAT YOUR DICTIONARY OFFERED: "`revolution'
means change, or transition from one form of GOVERNMENT to another"
and NOT merely a "change" of situation: ^^^^^^^^^^

>> From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
>>> According to my dictionary, "revolution"
>>> means change, or transition from one form of
>>> government to another. Why can't right-wingers
>>> be considered revolutionaries? Are fascists
>>> really satisfied with the status quo? I don't
>>> think so. In fact, it appears it is the leftists
>>> here who are the fans of the FBI and government.

My reply to you, WHICH YOU DID NOT READ CAREFULLY !!!!!!!!!!!
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

> From: jum...@my-deja.com
>> What dictionary might that be?
>> Reader's Digest is showing:
>>
>> revolution ...
>> 6. The overthrow and replacement of a
>> government or political system by
>> those governed.
>>
>> So I think (ordinary) "change" by normative
>> political election does not qualify as a
>> "revolution." Hitler's transition to power in
>> Germany was not a "revolution" because he was
>> elected. Lenin's "overthrow and replacement" of
>> the Tsarist regime was "revolution" because that
>> transition did not occur through normative
>> electoral means. History's accounts of
>> "revolution" were generally those which deposed
>> the rule of Kings and Emperors, or as with the
>> case of the "American Revolution" (more accurately
>> a colonial rebellion), succeeded in winning
>> independence from previous rulers. In each case
>> it seems a common thread was the "anti-fascism"
>> that offers idenfication of "revolution" as a
>> phenomena arriving from the LEFT.
>>
>> You make an interesting point with regards to an
>> inquiry into the nature of _status_quo_, but I
>> cannot think of an historical example where the
>> political right was "overthrowing" the
>> _status_quo_ for the sake of qualifying itself as
>> a textbook "revolution." Movement of _status_quo_
>> toward the right, in contemporary political
>> science, occurs through RE-ASSERTION of the
>> right-wing tendency, which is a "replacement" to
>> be sure but not an "overthrow -AND- replacement."
>> ( Needs to satisfy -BOTH- characteristics by that
>> definition. )
>>
>> Webster's offers for "revolution: a sudden and
>> violent change of the government or the political
>> constitution of a country, usu. by internal
>> instigation..." A _status_quo_ may drift left or
>> right according to political winds, while an
>> assertion of right-wing power upon the domestic
>> "state-of-affairs" might be "sudden and violent"
>> but would not be "a sudden and violent CHANGE." An
>> example of that sort of "right-wing crackdown" was
>> provided by Tiananmen Square, which resulted in NO
>> POLITICAL CHANGE upon the Chinese Government. An
>> apparent paradox is supplied when observing that
>> the Government of Mainland China is ostensibly
>> that of a Communist Regime, which one would think
>> is "leftist," but the situation of Tiananmen
>> Square consisted of Chinese students even FURTHER
>> TO THE LEFT of their own (so-called) "communist"
>> government. Most all regimes tend back to
>> centrism after assuming power, whether from the
>> left or right, but since CHANGE occurs generally
>> from the left, a subsequent movement in governmant
>> consists of a rightward movement from left to
>> center. The "Communist Regime" of Mainland China
>> has instead today become a "relatively right-wing
>> government" typical of any regime and/or dynasty
>> that incrementally consolidates administrative
>> powers and then gradually stagnates. Ironic to
>> Tiananmen Square is the fact that the Chinese
>> students were no more "leftist" than T.Jefferson
>> and other founding fathers of the "American
>> Revolution" they cited, so the government of
>> Mainland China must be considerably further to the
>> right than anyone had imagined, even while it
>> labels itself with "communism." A guiding
>> principle with regards to current governments is
>> that "things are not what they seem to be" whereas
>> "revolutionary movements" (from the left) are
>> typically straightforward (even naive) about what
>> they stand against, stand for, and hope to
>> accomplish. TK's criticisms of the left were
>> heaped upon the "naive left" yet one of the
>> reasons he could offer (constructive) criticism of
>> the left is due to the fact that there's so much
>> more of interest in political leftism than in the
>> brain-dead political right. These terms ("left"
>> and "right") are utilized herein by their modern
>> sense and are not quite the same when applied to
>> history 100 years ago, or history 200 years ago.
>> Political innovation can occur from either the
>> left or the right, but the topic being addressed
>> by this paragraph, and TK's paragraph #204, does
>> NOT concern the matter of innovation, but
>> questions of "revolution" in the contemporary
>> sense.

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> This IGNORAMUS who insists right-wingers can't be revolutionaries
> because they seek to bring back the good ol' times of the past (of
> course, this is a foolish assertion and egregious generalization in
> itself) should consider researching the Cultural Revolution Mao
> Zedong brought to China in the '60s. During this period,
> intellectuals were executed, artwork was destroyed (something this
> cultural leper might find appealing), and there was a general
> atmosphere of zealotry and contempt for bourgeois elements in
> society. This revolution was inspired by the Long March. Mao felt
> the youth were too complacent because everything simply had been
> handed to them. The Cultural Revolution, as we all know (except for
> perhaps the "eunuch"), was a totally failure, resulting in utter
> violence and disorder. This movement was brought by nostalgia for
> the past.

"...this IGNORAMUS..." and "...this cultural leper..." must be
YOUR self-referential statements. Who could stop Mao's Chinese
revolutionaries? Once again that was the force of "modernism" at
work in Chinese Society, bringing it *-OUT-* of those "good ol'
times of the past" into the "industrial revolution" which was
spreading to the USSR thirty years prior. Marxism was originally
a -response- to the "industrial revolution" of the early 19th
century. Then Marxism became -TWISTED- by industrialists as a
means for realizing another "industrial revolution" under the
banner of "political revolution" conflated together in Mainland
China as the "cultural revolution." All of these were occurring
simultaneously, however the word "revolutionaries" which applies
to those realizing a "CHANGE of (political) government" (and not
reversion to the same way of those "good ol' times of the past")
were being co-opted by a "Leftist" movement, while industrialist
robber-barons were exploiting the political revolution for their
RIGHT-WING aims. The -COMPLEXITY- of those processes caught many
Chinese intellectuals unawares, just as it obviously caught *-YOU-*
with your pants down squirting lizards from your tail. ("white race")

From: Pyro 1488 <pyro...@email.msn.com>
> The Russian Revolution itself was inspired by the French Revolution.

Which was enlightenment anti-fascism, by the way.

--------------------------------------------------------------

TK is quite -CLEAR- that he is "trying to get at" a discussion
of leftism, while he's -UNINTERESTED- in discussing any rightism.
Leftism is -NOT- a "movement" but a "collection of related types."

"7. But what is leftism? During the first half of
the 20th century leftism could have been
practically identified with socialism. Today the
movement is fragmented and it is not clear who can
properly be called a leftist. When we speak of
leftists in this article we have in mind mainly
socialists, collectivists, "politically correct"
types, feminists, gay and disability activists,
animal rights activists and the like. But not
everyone who is associated with one of these
movements is a leftist. What we are trying to get
at in discussing leftism is not so much movement
or an ideology as a psychological type, or rather
a collection of related types. Thus, what we mean
by "leftism" will emerge more clearly in the
course of our discussion of leftist psychology."

Mass movements appeal to individuals "lacking goals or power."

"83. Some people partly satisfy their need for
power by identifying themselves with a powerful
organization or mass movement. An individual
lacking goals or power joins a movement or an
organization, adopts its goals as his own, then
works toward those goals. When some of the goals
are attained, the individual, even though his
personal efforts have played only an insignificant
part in the attainment of the goals, feels
(through his identification with the movement or
organization) as if he had gone through the power
process."

"Science and technology constitute a power mass movement."

"91. Also, science and technology constitute a
power mass movement, and many scientists gratify
their need for power through identification with
this mass movement (see paragraph 83)."

The industrial technological system must be scrapped, but NOT
NECESSARILY by an "armed uprising." NOT RIGHT-WING ZEALOTS !!!

"140. We hope we have convinced the reader that the
system cannot be reformed in such a way as to
reconcile freedom with technology. The only way
out is to dispense with the industrial technological
system altogether. This implies revolution, not
necessarily an armed uprising, but certainly a radical
and fundamental change in the nature of society."

Revolution is -NOT- RIGHT-WING "reform" ! "A reform movement
merely offers to solve a -particular- social problem." (So it's
TK's revolution is NOT targeting "the Jewish Question" nor any other
-particular- "Question" because TK isn't speaking of "reform.")
The "revolutionary movement offers to solve -ALL- -PROBLEMS- AT
ONE STROKE" so it cannot portend to solve -particular- problems
in a peicemeal fashion.

"141. People tend to assume that because a
revolution involves a much greater change than
reform does, it is more difficult to bring about
than reform is. Actually, under certain
circumstances revolution is much easier than
reform. The reason is that a revolutionary
movement can inspire an intensity of commitment
that a reform movement cannot inspire. A reform
movement merely offers to solve a particular
social problem. A revolutionary movement offers to
solve all problems at one stroke and create a
whole new world; it provides the kind of ideal for
which people will take great risks and make great
sacrifices. For this reasons it would be much
easier to overthrow the whole technological system
than to put effective, permanent restraints on the
development or application of any one segment of
technology, such as genetic engineering, for
example. Not many people will devote themselves
with single-minded passion to imposing and
maintaining restraints on genetic engineering, but
under suitable conditions large numbers of people
may devote themselves passionately to a revolution
against the industrial-technological system. As we
noted in paragraph 132, reformers seeking to limit
certain aspects of technology would be working to
avoid a negative outcome. But revolutionaries work
to gain a powerful reward -- fulfillment of their
revolutionary vision and therefore work harder and
more persistently than reformers do."

- regards
- jb
.

Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.

[jum...@my-deja.com]

From: Kenneth McVay OBC <kmc...@veritas.nizkor.org>
Subject: Suppression of Christian churches by Nazis
Date: Thursday, October 21, 1999 4:19 PM

(http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-07-means-30.html)

Archive/File: imt/nca/nca-01/nca-01-07-means-02
Last-Modified: 1996/06/06

[Page 263]

Chapter VII

MEANS USED BY THE NAZI CONSPIRATORS IN GAINING
CONTROL OF THE GERMAN STATE

6. SUPPRESSION OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCHES

A. The Nazi conspirators sought to subvert the influence of
the churches over the people of Germany.

(1) They sought to eliminate the Christian Churches in
Germany.

(a) Statements of this aim. Martin Bormann stated in a
secret decree of the Party Chancellery signed by him and
distributed to all Gauleiters 7 June 1941:

"Our National Socialist ideology is far loftier than
the con-

[Page 264]

cepts of Christianity, which in their essential points
have been taken over from
Jewry ***. A differentiation between the various
Christian confessions is not to be made here *** the
Evangelical Church is just as inimical to us as the
Catholic Church. *** All influences which might
impair or damage the leadership of the people exercised
by the
Fuehrer with the help of the NSDAP must be eliminated.
More and more the people must be separated from the
churches and their organs the pastors. *** Just as
the deleterious influences of astrologers, seers and
other fakers are eliminated and suppressed by the
State, so must the possibility of church influence also
be totally removed. *** Not until this has happened,
does the state leadership have influence on
the individual citizens. Not until then are the people
and Reich secure in their existence for all time." (D-
75)

Hans Kerrl, Reich Minister for Church Affairs, in a letter
dated 6 September 1939 to a Herr Stapel, which indicated
that it would be brought to the attention of the
Confidential Council and of the defendant Hess, made the
following statements:

"The Fuehrer considers his efforts to bring the
Evangelical Church to reason, unsuccessful and the
Evangelical Church with respect to its condition
rightfully a useless pile of sects. As you emphasize
the Party has previously carried on not only a fight
against the political element of the Christianity of
the Church, but also a fight against
membership of Party Members in a Christian confession.
***

"The Catholic Church will and must, according to the
law under which it is set up, remain a thorn in the
flesh of a Racial State ***." (129-PS)

Gauleiter Florian, in a letter dated 23 September 1940 to
the defendant Hess, stated:

"The churches with their Christianity are the danger
against which to fight is absolutely necessary." (064-
PS)

Regierungsrat Roth, in a lecture 22 September 1941, to a
group of Security Police, in the Reich Main Security Office
(RSHA) concluded his address on Security Police (Sipo)
measures for combatting church politics and sects with the
following remarks:

"The immediate aim: the church must not regain one inch
of the ground it has lost. The ultimate aim:
Destruction of the Confessional Churches to be brought
about by the collection of all material obtained
through the intelligence service (Nachrihtendienst)
activities which will at a given time be produced as
evidence for the charge of treasonable activities
during the German fight for existence." (1815-PS)

The Party Organization Book states:

"Bravery is valued by the SS man as the highest virtue
of men in a struggle for his ideology.

[Page 265]

"He openly and unrelentingly fights the most dangerous
enemies of the State; Jews, Free Masons, Jesuits, and
political clergymen.

"However, he recruits and convinces the weak and
inconstant by his example, who have not been able to
bring themselves to the National Socialistic ideology."
(1855-PS)

(b) The Nazi conspirators promoted beliefs and practices
incompatible with Christian teachings. The 24th point of the
Program of the NSDAP, unchanged since its adoption in 1920,
is as follows:

"We demand freedom of religion for all religious
denominations within the state so long as they do not
endanger its existence or oppose the moral senses of
the germanic race. The Party as such advocates the
standpoint of a positive Christianity without binding
itself confessionally to any one denomination. It
combats the Jewish materialistic spirit within and
around us, and is convinced that a lasting recovery of
our nation can only succeed from within on the
framework: common utility precedes individual utility."
(1708-PS)

In official correspondence with the defendant Rosenberg in
1040, Bormann stated:

"Christian religion and National Socialist doctrines
are not compatible. *** The churches cannot be
subjugated through compromise, only through a new
philosophy as prophesied in osenberg's works."

He then proposed creation of a National Socialist Catechism
to provide a "moral foundation" for a National Socialist
religion which is gradually to supplant the Christian
churches. He stated the matter was so important it should be
discussed with members of the Reich Cabinet as soon as
possible and requested Rosenberg's opinion before the
meeting. (098-PS)

In a secret decree of the Party Chancellery, signed by
Bormann and distributed to all Gauleiters on 7 June 1941,
the following statements appeared:

"When we National Socialists speak of a belief in God,
we do not understand by God, like naive Christians and
their spiritual opportunists, a human-type being, who
sits around somewhere in the sphere ***. The force of
natural law, with which all these
innumerable planets move in the universe, we call the
Almighty, or God. The claim that this world force ***
can be influenced by so-called prayers or other
astonishing things is based upon a proper dose of
naivete or on a business shamelessness.

[Page 265]

"As opposed to that we National Socialists impose on
ourselves the demand to live naturally as much as
possible, i.e., biologically. The more accurately we
recognize and observe the laws of nature and of life,
the more we adhere to them, so much the more do we
conform to the will of the Almighty. The more insight
we have into the will of the
Almighty, the greater will be our successes." (D-75)

Rosenberg in his book "The Myth of the 20th Century"
advocated a new National Socialist faith or religion to
replace the Christian confessions in Germany. He stated that
the Catholic and Protestant churches represent "negative
Christianity" and do not correspond to the soul of the
"Nordic racially determined peoples"; that a German
religious movement would have to declare that the idea of
neighborly love is unconditionally subordinated to national
honor; that national
honor is the highest human value and does not admit of any
equal valued force such as Christian love. He predicted:

"A German religion will, bit by bit, present in the
churches transferred to it, in place of the crucifixion
the spirit of fire the heroic in the highest sense."
(2349-PS)

The Reich Labor Service (Reichsarbeitsdienst), a National
Socialist youth organization, was prohibited from
participating in religious celebrations of any kind, and its
members were instructed to attend only the parts of such
ceremonies as weddings and funerals which took
place before or after the church celebration. (107-PS)

The Nazi conspirators considered religious literature
undesirable for the Wehrmacht. National Socialist
publications were prepared for the Wehrmacht for the
expressed purpose of replacing and counteracting the
influence of religious literature disseminated to the
troops. (101-PS; 100-PS; 064-PS)

The Nazi conspirators through Rosenberg's Office for
Supervision of the Ideological Training and Education of the
NSDAP and the Office of the Deputy of the Fuehrer "induced"
the substitution of National Socialist mottoes and services
for religious prayers and services in the schools of
Germany. (070-PS)

On 14 July 1939, Bormann, as Deputy of the Fuehrer, issued a
Party regulation excluding clergymen, persons closely
connected with the church, and Theology students from
membership in the Party. It was further decreed that in the
future Party Members who entered the clergy
or turned to the study of Theology must leave the Party.
(840-PS)

(c) The Nazi conspirators persecuted priests, clergy and
members of monastic orders. The priests and clergy of
Germany were

[Page 267]

subjected by the police to systematic espionage into their
daily lives. The Nazi conspirators through the Chief of the
Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) maintained a special
branch of the Security Police and Security Service (Sipo/SD)
whose duties were to investigate the churches and maintain
constant surveillance upon the public and private lives of
the clergy. (1815-PS)

At a conference of these police "church specialists" called
by Heydrich, who was then SS Gruppenfuehrer and Chief of the
Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), in Berlin, 23 September 1941, SS
Sturmbannfueherer Hartl, acting for Heydrich, stated that
the greatest importance was to
be attached to church political activity. The intelligence
network in this field, he continued, was to be fostered with
the greatest of care and enlarged with the recruitment of
informants, particular value being attached to contacts with
church circles. He closed his lecture with the following
words:

"Each of you must go to work with your whole heart and
a true fanaticism. Should a mistake or two be made in
the execution of this work, this should in no way
discourage you, since mistakes are made everywhere. The
main thing is that the enemy should be constantly
tackled with determination, will, and effective
initiative." (1815-PS)

In a letter of 22 October 1941, Heydrich, as Chief of the
Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) issued detailed
instructions to all State Police Offices outlining the
organization of the Catholic Church and directing close
surveillance of the activities, writings, and reports of the
Catholic clergy in Germany. In this connection he directed:

"Reports are also to be submitted on those Theological
students destined for Papal Institutes, and Priests
returning from such institutes to Germany. Should the
opportunity arise of placing someone for intelligence
(Nachrichtendienst) purposes in one of these
Institutes, in the guise of a Theological student, we
should receive immediate notification." (1815-PS)

Priests and other members of the clergy were arrested,
fined, imprisoned, and otherwise punished by executive
measures of the police without judicial process. In his
lecture before a conference at the Reich Main Security
Office (RSHA) in Berlin, for "church specialists," of the
Security Police, 22 November 1941, Regierungsrat Roth stated (1815-
PS):

"It has been demonstrated that it is impracticable to
deal with political offenses (malicious) under normal
legal procedure. Owing to the lack of political
perception which still

[Page 268]

prevails among the legal authorities, suspension of
this procedure must be reckoned with. The so-called
"Agitator Priests" must therefore be dealt with in
future by Stapo measures, and, if the occasion arises,
be removed to a Concentration Camp, if agreed upon by
the RSHA.

"The necessary executive measures are to be decided
upon according to local conditions, the status of the
person accused, and the seriousness of the case as
follows:

1. Warning
2. Fine
3. Forbidden to preach
4. Forbidden to remain in parish
5. Forbidden all activity as a priest
6. Short-term arrest
7. Protective custody."

Members of monastic orders were forced by the seizure and
confiscation of their properties to give up their
established place of abode and seek homes elsewhere (R-101-
A; R-101-D). A secret order of the SS Economic
Administration Office to all Concentration Camp Commanders,
dated 21 April 1942, concerning labor mobilization of
clergy, reveals that clergymen were at that time, and had
previously been, incarcerated in Concentration Camps. (1164-
PS)

On the death of von Hindenburg, the Reich Government ordered
the ringing of all church bells on 2 August 1934, 3 August
1934 and 4 August 1934. In Bavaria, there were many
instances of failure to comply with this order. The Bavarian
police submitted a report outlining the above situation and
stating that in three cases the taking into protective
custody of recalcitrant clergy could not be avoided.

"The Parish priest, Father Johann Quinger of
Altenkunstadt BA., Lichtenfels. He was taken into
protective custody on 3 August on the express order of
the State Ministry of the Interior, because he
assaulted SA leaders and SA men who were ringing the
bells against his wishes. He was released from custody
on 10 August 1934.

"The Parish priest, Father Ludwig Obholzer of
Kiefersfelden, BA Rosenheim. For his personal safety he
was in police custody from 2400 hours on the 2 August
1934, till 1000 hours on 3 August 1934. On 5 August
1934, he said sarcastically in his sermon, referring to
the SA men who had carried out the ringing of the
funeral knell on their own account, 'Lord forgive them,
for they know not what they do' ! "The Parish priest,
Father Johann Nepomuk Kleber of Wie-

[Page 269]

felsdorf, BA Burglengenfeld, refused to ring the church
bells on the 2nd and 3rd. He is badly tainted
politically and had to be taken into protective custody
from the 5th to the 8th of August 34 in the interests
of his own safety." (1521-PS)

After Hitler's rise to power, Bishop Sproll of Rottenburg
delivered a series of sermons regarded by the Nazis as
damaging, and on 10 April 1938 he refrained from voting in
the plebiscite. For this, the Reich Governor of Wuertemberg
declared he would no longer regard Bishop Sproll as head of
the Diocese of Rottenburg; made an official request that he
leave the Gau; and declared he would see to it that all
personal and official intercourse between the Bishop and the
State and
Party offices as well as the Armed Forces would be denied
(849-PS). For his alleged failure to vote in the plebiscite,
of 10 April 1938, the Party caused three demonstrations to
be staged against the Bishop and his household in
Rottenburg. The third demonstration was described as
follows in a teletype message from Gestapo Office Stuttgart
to Gestapo Office Berlin:

"The Party on 23 July 1938 from 2100 on carried out the
third demonstration against Bishop Sproll. Participants
about 2,500-3,000 were brought in from outside by bus,
etc. The Rottenburg populace again did not participate
in the demonstration. The town took rather a hostile
attitude to the demonstrations. The action got
completely out of hand of the Party Member responsible
for it. The demonstrators stormed the palace, beat in
the gates and doors. About 150 to 200 people forced
their way into the palace, searched the rooms, threw
files out of the windows and rummaged through the beds
in the rooms of the palace. One bed was ignited. Before
the fire got to the other objects of equipment in the -
rooms and the palace, the flaming bed could be thrown
from the window and the fire extinguished. The Bishop
was with Archbishop Groeber of Freiburg and the ladies
and gentlemen of his menage in the chapel at prayer.
About 25 to 30 people pressed into this chapel and
molested those present. Bishop Groeber was taken for
Bishop Sproll. He was grabbed by the robe and dragged
back and forth. Finally the intruders realized that
Bishop Groeber is not the one they are seeking. They
could then be persuaded to leave the building. After
the evacuation of the palace by the demonstrators I had
an interview with Archbishop Groeber, who left
Rottenburg in the night. Groeber wants to turn to the
Fuehrer and Reich Minister of the Interior Dr. Frick
anew. On the course of the action, the damage done as
well as the homage

[Page 270]

of the Rottenburg populace beginning today for the
Bishop I shall immediately hand in a full report, after
I am in the act of suppressing counter mass meetings."
(848-PS)

Reich Minister for Church Affairs Kerrl and other Party
officials alleged that these demonstrations were
spontaneously staged by indignant citizens of Rottenburg and
caused representations to be made to the Holy See in an
effort to effect the Bishop's removal from office. (89-PS)

On or about 3 December 1941, a copy of a secret decree of
the Party Chancellery on the subject of Relationship of
National Socialism to Christianity was found by the Security
Police in the possession of Protestant Priest Eichholz at
Aix-la-Chapelle. For this he was arrested and held for
questioning for an unknown period of time. (D-75)

(d) The Nazi conspirators confiscated church property. On 20
January 1938, the Gestapo District Office at Munich issued a
decree dissolving the Guild of the Virgin Mary of the
Bavarian Diocese, together with its branches and
associations. The decree also stated:

"The property belonging to the dissolved Guild is to be
confiscated by the police. Not only is property in cash
to be confiscated, but also any stock on hand and their
objects of value. All further activity is forbidden the
dissolved Guilds, particularly the foundation of any
organization intended as a successor or as a cover.
Incorporation as a body into other women's societies is
also to be looked on as a forbidden continuation of
activity. Infringements against the above prohibition
will be punished according to par. 4 of the order of 28
February 1933."

The reasons for the dissolution and confiscation were that
the Guild of the Virgin Mary had occupied itself for years
"to a most far-reaching degree" with arrangements of a
"worldly and popular sporting character" such as community
games and "social evenings"; and further that the
president of the society supplied the members with
"seditious materials" which served for "seditious
discussions"; and that the members of the Guild were trained
and mobilized for "political and seditious tasks." (1481-
PS)

In a lecture delivered to a conference of police
investigators of Church Affairs assembled in the lecture
hall of the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) in Berlin, 22
September 1941, Regiersrungsrat Roth stated that about 100
monasteries in the Reich had been dissolved and pointed out
that the proper procedure called for seizure of the churches
at the same time the monasteries were dissolved. (1815-PS)

[Page 271]

In February 1940, SS Gruppenfuehrer Heydrich suggested to
Himmler the seizure of monasteries for the accommodation of
Racial Germans. He proposed that the authorities of the
monastic orders be instructed to make the monasteries
concerned available and move their own members to less
populous monasteries. He pointed out that the final
expropriation of properties thus placed at their disposal
could be carried out step by step in the course of time.
Himmler agreed to this proposal and ordered the measure to
be carried out by the Security Police and
Security Service (Sipo and SD) in collaboration with the
Reich Commissioner for Consolidation of German Folkdom. (R-
101-A)

These orders for confiscation were carried out, as revealed
in a letter dated 30 March 1942 from the Reich Main Security
Office (RSHA) Chief of Staff to Himmler mentioning claims
for compensation pending in a number of confiscation cases.
In this letter he stated that all rental
payments to those monasteries and ecclesiastical
institutions whose premises had been put to use as camps for
resettlers had been stopped on receipt of Himmler's order.
Concerning current developments, he stated:

"After further preparations in which-the Party
Chancellery participated prominently, the Reich
Minister of the Interior found a way which makes it
possible to seize ecclesiastical premises practically
without compensation and yet avoids the impression of
being a measure directed against the Church. ***" (R-
101-D)

In a letter of 19 April 1941, Bormann advised Rosenberg that
libraries and art objects of the monasteries confiscated in
the Reich were to remain for the time being in these
monasteries and that the Fuehrer had repeatedly rejected the
suggestion that centralization of all such libraries be
undertaken. (072-PS)

(e) The Nazi conspirators suppressed religious publications.
On 6 November 1934, Frick, as Reich and Prussian Minister of
the Interior, issued an order forbidding until further
notice publication of all announcements in the daily press,
in pamphlets and other publications,
which dealt with the Evangelical Church; with the exception
of official announcements of the Church Government of the
Reich. (1498-PS)

By order of the State Police for the District of Dusseldorf,
the Police Regulation which is quoted in part below was
promulgated 28 May 1934:

"The distribution and sale of published items of any
sort in connection with worship or religious
instructions in public streets or squares near churches
is forbidden. In the same sense the distribution and
sale of published items on the oc-

[Page 272]

casions of processions, pilgrimages and similar church
institutions in the streets or squares they pass
through or in their vicinity is prohibited." (R-145)

In January 1940, Bormann informed Rosenberg that he had
sought to restrict production of religious publications by
means of having their rations of printing paper cut down
through the control exercised by Reichsleiter Amann, but
that the result of these efforts remained
unsatisfactory. (101-PS)

In March 1940, Bormann instructed Reichsleiter Amann,
Director of the NSDAP Publications Office, that in any
future redistribution of paper, confessional writings should
receive still sharper restrictions in favor of literature
politically and ideologically more valuable. He went on to
point out:

" *** according to a report I have received, only 10
of the over 3000 Protestant periodicals appearing in
Germany, such as Sunday papers, etc. have ceased
publication for reasons of paper saving." (089-PS)

In April 1940, Bormann informed the High Command of the Navy
that use of the term "Divine Service" to refer exclusively
to the services arranged by Christian Confessions was no
longer to be used, even in National Socialist daily papers.
In the alternative he suggested:

"In the opinion of the Party the term 'Church Service'
cannot be objected to. I consider it fitting since it
properly implies meetings arranged and organized by the
Churches." (068-PS)

(f) The Nazi conspirators suppressed religious
organizations. On 28 May 1934, the State Police Office for
the District of Duesseldorf issued an order concerning
denominational youth and professional organizations which
stated in part as follows:

"Denominational youth and professional organizations as
well as those created for special occasions only are
prohibited from every public activity outside the
church and religious sphere.

"Especially forbidden is: Any public appearance in
groups, all sorts of political activity. Any public
sport function including public hikes and establishment
of holiday or outdoor camps. The public display or
showing of flags, banners, pennants or the open wearing
of uniforms or insignia." (R-145)

On 20 July 1935, Frick, as Reich and Prussian Minister of
the Interior, issued secret instructions to the provincial
governments and to the Prussian Gestapo that Confessional
youth organizations were to be forbidden to wear uniforms,
or uniform-

[Page 273]

like clothing, to assemble publicly with pennants and flags,
to wear insignia as a substitute for uniforms, or to engage
in any outdoor sport activity.

On 20 January 1938 the Gestapo District Office at Munich,
issued a decree which stated in part as follows:

"The Guild of the Virgin Mary (de Marianisch
Jungfrauenkongregation) of the Bavarian dioceses,
including the diocese of Speyere, together with its
branches and associations and the Societies of Our Lady
(Jungfrauenverenen) attached to it, is by police order
to be dissolved and forbidden with immediate effect."

Among the reasons cited for this action were the following:

"The whole behavior of the Guild of the Virgin Mary had
therefore to be objected to from various points of
view. It could be repeatedly observed that the Guild
engaged in purely worldly affairs, such as community
games, and then in the holding of 'Social Evenings'.

"This proves incontestably that the Guild of the Virgin
Mary was active to a very great degree in a manner
unecclesiastical and therefore worldly. By so doing it
has left the sphere of its proper religious task and
entered a sphere of activity to which it has no
statutory right. The organization has therefore to be
dissolved and forbidden." (1481-PS)

According to the report of a Security Police "church
specialist" attached to the State Police Office at Aachen,
the following points were made by a lecturer at a conference
of Security Police and Security Service church intelligence
investigators in Berlin, on 22 September 1941:

"Retreats, recreational organizations, etc., may now be
forbidden on ground of industrial war-needs, whereas
formerly only a worldly activity could be given as a
basis.

"Youth camps, recreational camps are to be forbidden on
principle, church organizations in the evening may be
pre vented on grounds of the blackout regulations.

"Processions, pilgrimages abroad are to be forbidden by
reason of the over-burdened transport conditions. For
local events too technical traffic troubles and the
danger of air attack may serve as grounds for their
prohibition. (One Referent forbade a procession, on the
grounds of it wearing out shoe leather)." (1815-PS)

(g) The Nazi conspirators suppressed religious education. In
a speech on 7 March 1937, Rosenberg stated:

"The education of youth can only be carried out by
those who have rescued Germany from disaster. It is
therefore

[Page 274]

impossible to demand one Fuehrer, one Reich and one
firmly united people as long as education is carried
out by forces which are mutually exclusive to each
other." (2351-PS)

In a speech at Fulda, 27 November 1937 Reich Minister for
Church Affairs Hans Kerrl stated:

"We cannot recognize that the Church has a right to
insure that the individual should be educated in all
respects in the way in which it holds to be right; but
we must leave it to the National Socialist State to
educate the child in the way it regards as right." (252-
PS)

In January 1939, Bormann, acting as Deputy of the Fuehrer,
informed the Minister of Education, that the Party was
taking the position that theological inquiry was not as
valuable as the general fields of knowledge in the
universities and that suppression of Theological Faculties
in the universities was to be undertaken at once. He pointed
out that the Concordat with the Vatican placed certain
limitations on such a program, but that in the light of the
general change of
circumstances, particularly the compulsory military service
and the execution of the four-year plan, the question of
manpower made certain reorganizations, economies and
simplification necessary. Therefore, Theological Faculties
were to be restricted insofar as they could not
be wholly suppressed. He instructed that the churches were
not to be informed of this development and no public
announcement was to be made. Any complaints, if they were to
be replied to at all, should be answered with a statement
that these measures are being executed in a general plan of
reorganization and that similar things are happening to
other faculties. He concludes with the statement that the
professorial chairs vacated by the above program are to be
turned over to the newly created fields of inquiry, such as
Racial Research. (116-PS)

A plan for the reduction of Theological Faculties was
submitted by the Reich Minister for Science, Education and
Training in April 1939 to Bormann, who forwarded it to
Rosenberg for consideration and action. The plan called for
shifting, combining and eliminating Theological
Faculties in various schools and universities throughout the
Reich, with the following results:

"To recapitulate this plan would include the complete
closing of Theological Faculties at Innsbruck, Salzburg
and Munich, the transfer of the faculty of Graz to
Vienna and the vanishing of four Catholic faculties.

"a. Closing of three Catholic Theological Faculties or
Higher Schools and of four Evangelic Faculties in the
winter semester 1939/40.

[Page 275]

"b. Closing of one further Catholic and of three-
further Evangelic Faculties in the near future." (122-
PS)

In a secret decree of the Party Chancellery, signed by
Bormann, and distributed to all Gauleiters on 7 June 1941,
the following statement concerning religious education was
made:

"No human being would know anything of Christianity if
it had not been drilled into him in his childhood by
pastors. The so-called dear God in no wise gives
knowledge of his existence to young people in advance,
but in an astonishing manner in spite of his
omnipotence leaves this to the efforts of the pastors.
If therefore in the future our youth learns nothing
more of this Christianity, whose doctrines are far
below ours, Christianity will disappear by itself." (D-
75)

(2) Supplementary evidence of acts of oppression within
Germany. In laying the groundwork for their attempted
subversion of the Church, the Nazi conspirators resorted to
assurances of peaceful intentions. Thus Hitler, in his
address to the Reichstag on 23 March 1933 declared:

"While the government is determined to carry through
the political and moral purging of our public life, it
is creating and insuring prerequisites for a truly
religious life. The government sees in both Christian
confessions the factors most important for the
maintenance of our Folkdom. It will respect agreements
concluded between them and the states. However, it
expects that its work will meet with a similar
appreciation. The government will treat all other
denominations with equal objective justice. However, it
can never condone that belonging to a certain
denomination or to a certain race might be regarded as
a license to commit or tolerate crimes. The Government
will devote its
care to the sincere living together of Church and
State." (3387-PS)

(a) Against the Evangelical Churches. The Nazi conspirators,
upon their accession to power, passed a number of laws,
under innocent-sounding titles, designed to reduce the
Evangelical Churches to the status of an obedient instrument
of Nazi policy. The following are illustrative:

[Page 276]

Document Number Date Reichsgesetzblatt Title and Gist of Law
Page
------------------------------------------------------------

3433-PS 14.7.33 I.471

Gesetz ueher die
Verfassun der Deutschen
Evanelischen Kirche (Law
concerning the
Constitution of the
German Evangelical
Church), establishing
among other things the
new post of Reich Bishop.
[Signed by] Hitler,
Frick.

3434-PS 26.6.35 I.774

Gesetz ueer das
BesGhlussverfahren in
Rechtsaneleenheite der
Evanelisschen Kirche (Law
concerning procedure for
decisions in legal
affairs of the
Evangelical Church),
giving the Reich Ministry
of the Interior sole
authority to determine
the validity of measures
taken in the Churches
since 1 May 1933, when
raised in a civil
lawsuit. [Signed by]
Hitler, Frick.

3435-PS 3.7.35 I.851

Erste Verordnung zur
Durchfuehrung des
Gesetzes ueber das
Reschluss-verfahren in
Rechtsanelegenheiten der
Evanelischen Kirche
(First Ordinance for
Execution of the Law
concerning procedure for
decisions in legal
affairs of the
Evangelical Church),
setting up detailed
organization and
procedures under the law
of 21 June 1935. [Signed
by] Frick.

3466-PS 16.7.35 I.1029

Erlass ueber die Zusammen
fassung der
Zustaendiykeiten des
Reichs und Preussens in
Kirchenaneleenheiten
(Decree to unite the
competences of Reich and
Prussia in Church
affairs) transferring to
Kerrl, Minister without
Portfolio, the church
affairs previously
handled by Reich and
Prussian Ministers of the
Interior and of Science,
Education, and Training.
[Signed by] Hitler, Rust,
Koerner.

[Page 277]

3436-PS 24.9.35 I.1178

Gesetz zur Sicherun der
Deutschen Evangelischen
Kirche (Law for the
Safeguarding of the
German Evangelical
Church) empowering the
Reich Minister of Church
Affairs (Kerrl) to issue
Ordinances with binding
legal force. [Signed by]
Hitler, Frick.

3437-PS 2.12.35 I.1370

Fuenfte Verordnung Zur
Durchfuehrun des Gesetzes
zur Siherun der Deutschen
Evanelischen Kirche
(Fifth decree for
execution of the law for
the Safeguarding of the
German Evangelical
Church) prohibiting the
churches from filling
their pastorates,
ordaining ministers,
visitation, publishing of
banns, and collecting
dues and assessments.
[Signed by] Kerrl.

3439-PS 25.6.37 I.697

Fuenfzehnte Verordnun zur
Durchfuehrun des Gesetzes
zur Sicherung der
Deutschen Evanyelischen
Kirche (Fifteenth decree
for the Execution of the
Law for Security of the
German Evangelical
Church) establishing in
the Reich Ministry for
Church Affairs a Finance
Department, to supervise
administration of the
church property budget,
tax assessment, and use
of budget funds. [Signed
by] Kerrl.

With the help of their Reich Bishop, Bishop Mueller, they
maneuvered the Evangelical Youth Association into the Hitler
Jugend under Von Schirach in December 1933. (1458-PS)

They arrested prominent Protestant leaders such as Pastor

[Page 278]

Niemoeller. By 1937, the result of all these measures was
complete administrative control by the Nazi conspirators
over the Evangelical churches.

(b) Against the Catholic Church. Just as in their program
against the Evangelical Churches, so in their attack on the
Catholic Church, the Nazi conspirators concealed their real
intentions under a cloak of apparent respect for its rights
and protection of its activities. On 20 July 1933, a
Concordat was concluded between the Holy See and the German
Reich, signed for the Reich by Von Papen (280-A-PS). It was
the Nazi Government, not the Church, which initiated the
negotiations.

"The German Government asked the Holy See to conclude a
Concordat with the Reich." (268-PS)

By Article I of the Concordat,

"The German Reich guarantees freedom of profession and
public practice of the Catholic religion.

"It acknowledges the right of the Catholic Church,
within the limit of those laws which are applicable to
all, to manage and regulate her own affairs
independently, and, within the framework of her own
competence, to publish laws and ordinances binding on
her members." (3280-A-PS)

Other articles formulated agreements on basic principles
such as free communication between Rome and the local
ecclesiastical authorities, freedom of the Catholic press,
of Catholic education and of Catholic action in charitable,
professional, and youth organizations. In return,
the Vatican pledged loyalty by the clergy to the Reich
Government and emphasis in religious instruction on the
patriotic duties of the Christian citizen. (3280-A-PS)

In reliance upon assurances by the Nazi conspirators, the
Catholic hierarchy had already revoked their previous
prohibition against Catholics becoming members of the Nazi
Party (389 PS). The Catholic Center Party, under a
combination of Nazi pressure and assurances,
published on 29 December 1933, an announcement of its
dissolution (2403-PS). Thus the Catholics went a long way to
disarm themselves and cooperate with the Nazis.
Nevertheless, the Nazi conspirators continued to develop
their policy of slow strangulation of religion, first in
covert, and then in open, violation of their assurances and
agreements.

In the Encyclical "Mt Brenneder Sorge", on 14 March 1937, Pope
Pius XI described the program:

"It discloses intrigues which from the beginning had no
other aim than a war of extermination. In the furrows
in which we had labored to sow the seeds of true peace,
others like the enemy in Holy Scripture (Matt. xiii,
25) sowed

[Page 279]

the tares of suspicion, discord, hatred, calumny of
secret and open fundamental hostility to Christ and His
Church, fed from a thousand different sources and
making use of every available means. On them and on
them alone and on their silent and vocal protectors
rests the responsibility that now on the horizon of
Germany there is to be seen not the rainbow of peace
but the threatening storm clouds of destructive
religious wars. *** Anyone who has any sense of truth
left in his mind and even a shadow of the feeling of
justice left in his heart will have to admit that, in
the difficult and eventful years which followed the
Concordat, every word and every action of Ours was
ruled by loyalty to the terms of the agreement; but
also he will have to recognize with surprise and deep
disgust that the unwritten law of the other party has
been arbitrary misinterpretation of agreements, evasion
of agreements, evacuation of the meaning of agreements,
and
finally more or less open violation of agreements."
(3280-PS)

The Nazis suppressed the Catholic Youth League, beginning
ten days after the concordat was signed. (See Section 8,
infra.)

On 18 January 1942, in declining to accede to a demand made
by the German Government that no further appointment of
Archbishops, Bishops, and other high administrative
dignitaries be made in the new territories of the Reich, or
of certain of them within the old Reich, without previous
consultation with the German Government (3261-PS), the
Secretary of State of Pope Pius XII pointed to measures
taken by the German Government,

"Contrary not only to the existing Concordats and to
the principles of international law ratified by the
Second Hague conference, but oftenand this is much more
graveto the very fundamental principles of divine law,
both natural and positive."

The Papal Secretary of State continued:

"Let it suffice to recall in this connection, among
other things, the changing of the Catholic State
elementary schools into undenominational schools; the
permanent or temporary closing of many minor
seminaries, of not a few major seminaries and of some
theological faculties; the suppression of almost all
the private schools and of numerous Catholic boarding
schools and colleges; the repudiation, decided
unilaterally, of financial obligations which the State,
Municipalities etc. had towards the Church; the
increasing difficulties put in the way of the activity
of the religious Orders and Congregations in the
spiritual, cultural and social field

[Page 280]

and above all the suppression of Abbeys, monasteries,
convents and religious houses in such great numbers
that one is led to infer a deliberate intention of
rendering impossible the very existence of the Orders
and Congregations in Germany.

"Similar and even graver acts must be deplored in the
annexed and occupied territories, especially in the
Polish territories and particularly in the Reichsgau
Wartheland, for which the Reich Superintendent - has
issued, under date of September 13th last, a
'Decree concerning Religious Associations and Religious
Societies' (Verordnung uber eligioese Vereinigngen und
Religion-gesellschaften) in clear opposition to the
fundamental principles of the divine constitution of
the Church." (3261-PS)

Illustrative of the numerous other cases and specific
incidents which might be adduced as the program of
suppression was carried into action within Germany proper,
are the measures adopted beginning in 1936 to eliminate the
priest Rupert Mayer of Munich. Because of his sermons, he
was confined in various prisons, arrested and rearrested,
interned in Oranienburg-Sachsenhausen concentration camp,
and the Ettal Monastery, from which he was released by
Allied troops in May 1945, and later died. '(372-PS)

(c) Against other religious groups.

Members of the sect known as "BibelJorscher" meaning "Members
of a Biblical Society" or "Bible-Researchers" were as early
as 1937 sent as a routine matter to concentration camps by
the Gestapo, even after serving of a sentence imposed by a
court or after the cancellation of
an arrest order (D-84). At one camp alone -- Dachau -- there
were over 150 "Bibelforscher" in protective custody in 1937.
(2928-PS)

( cont'd )-----

[jum...@my-deja.com]

B. Acts of suppression of the Christian Churches in Annexed
an Occupied Territories.

(1) In Austria. The methods of suppression of churches
followed in Austria by the occupying power began with
measures to exclude the Church from public activities, such
as processions, printing of newspapers and Reviews which
could spread Christian doctrines; from forming Youth
organizations, such as Boy Scouts; from directing
educational or charitable activities; and even from
extending help in the form of food to foreigners. Unable in
conscience to obey the public
prescription, ministers of religions were arrested and sent
to concentration camps, and some were executed. Churches
were closed, convents and mon-

[Page 281]

asteries suppressed, and educational property confiscated.
The total number of confiscations, suppressions, or
alienations of religious institutions exceeded 100 cases in
one diocese alone. (3278-PS)

The Lutheran Church in Austria, though comprising a small
minority of the population, was subjected to organized
oppression. Its educational efforts were obstructed or
banned. Believers were encouraged, and sometimes
intimidated, to repudiate their faith. Lutheran pastors were
given to understand that a government position would be
awarded to each one who would renounce his ministry and if
possible withdraw from the Lutheran Church. (3273-PS)

Tn summation of the period of Nazi domination and in review
of the attempted suppression of the Christian Church, the
Archbishops and Bishops of Austria in their first joint
Pastoral after liberation declared:

"At an end also is an intellectual battle, the goal of
which was the destruction of Christianity and the
Church among our people; a campaign of lies and
treachery against truth and love, against divine and
human rights and against international law." (3274-PS)

(2) In Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak Official Report for
the prosecution and trial of the German Major War Criminals
by the International Military Tribunal established according
to the Agreement of the Four Great Powers of 8 August 1945
describes in summary form the measures taken by the Nazi
conspirators to suppress religious liberties and persecute
the churches. The following excerpts are quoted from this
report (998-PS):

"(a) Catholic Church.

"*** At the outbreak of war, 487 Catholic priests
were among the thousands of Czech patriots arrested and
sent to concentration camps as hostages. Venerable high
ecclesiastical dignitaries were dragged to
concentration camps in Germany. *** Religious orders
were dissolved and liquidated, their charitable
institutions closed down and their members expelled or
else forced to compulsory labor in Germany. All
religious instruction in Czech schools was suppressed.
Most of the weeklies and monthlies which the Catholics
had published in Czechoslovakia, had been suppressed
from the very beginning of the occupation. The Catholic
gymnastic organization "Orel" with 800,000
members was dissolved and its Property was confiscated.
To a

[Page 282]

great extent Catholic church property was seized for
the benefit of the Reich.

"(b) Czechoslovak National Church.

"*** The Czechoslovak Church in Slovakia was entirely
prohibited and its property confiscated under German
compulsion in 1940. It has been allowed to exist in
Bohemia and Moravia but in a crippled form under the
name of the Czecho-Moravian Church.

"(c) Protestant Churches.

"The Protestant Churches were deprived of the freedom
to preach the gospel. German secret state police
watched closely whether the clergy observed the
restrictions imposed on it. *** Some passages from
the Bible were not allowed to be read in public at all.
***

"* * Church leaders were especially persecuted, scores
of ministers were imprisoned in concentration camps,
among them the General Secretary of the Students'
Christian Movement in Czechoslovakia. One of the Vice-
Presidents was executed.

"Protestant Institutions such as the YMCA and YWCA were
suppressed throughout the country.

"The leading Theological School for all Evangelical
denominations, HUS Faculty in Prague and all other
Protestant training schools for the ministry were
closed down in November 1939, with the other Czech
universities and colleges.

"(d) Czech Orthodox Church.

"The hardest blow was directed against the Czech
Orthodox Church. The Orthodox churches in
Czechoslovakia were ordered by the Berlin Ministry of
Church Affairs to leave the Pontificate of Belgrade and
Constantinople respectively and to become subordinate
to the Berlin Bishop. The Czech Bishop Gorazd was
executed together with two other priests of the
Orthodox Church. By a special order of the Protector
Daluege, issued in September 1942, the Orthodox Church
of Serbian Constantinople jurisdiction was completely
dissolved in the Czech lands, its religious activity
forbidden and its property

"All Evangelical education was handed over to the civil
authorities and many Evangelical teachers lost their
employment; moreover the State grant to salaries of
many evangelical priests was taken away." (998-PS)

(3) In Poland. The repressive measures levelled against the
Christian Church in Poland where Hans Frank was Governor-

[Page 283]

General from 1939 to 1945, were even more drastic and
sweeping. In protest against the
systematic strangulation of religion, the Vatican, on 8
October 1942, addressed a memorandum to the German Embassy
accredited to the Holy See in which the Secretariat of State
emphasized the fact that despite previous protests to the
Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Reich, von
Ribbentrop, the religious condition of the Catholics in the
Warthegau "has become even sadder and more tragic." This
memorandum states:

"For quite a long time the religious situation in the
Warthegau gives cause for very grave and ever
increasing anxiety. There, in fact, the Episcopate has
been little by little almost completely eliminated; the
secular and regular clergy have been reduced to
proportions that are absolutely inadequate, because
they have been in large part deported and exiled; the
education of clerics has been forbidden; the Catholic
education of youth is meeting with the greatest
opposition; the nuns have been dispersed;
insurmountable obstacles have been put in the way of
affording people the helps of religions; very many
churches have been closed; Catholic intellectual and
charitable institutions have been destroyed;
ecclesiastical property has been seized." (3263-PS)

On 18 November 1942 the Papal Secretary of State requested
the Archbishop of Breslau, Cardinal Bertram, to use every
effort to assist Polish Catholic workers transferred to
Germany, who were being deprived of the consolations of
religion. In addition, he again appealed for help for the
Polish priests detained in various concentration camps,
whose death rate was "still on the increase." (3265-PS). On
7 December 1942 the Cardinal Archbishop of Breslau replied
that all possible efforts were being put forward by the
German Bishops without success on behalf of the victims of
concentration camps and labor battalions, and deplored "the
intolerable decrees" against religious ministration to
Poles. (3266-PS)

On 2 March 1943, the Cardinal Secretary of State addressed a
note to von Ribbentrop, Reichsminister for Foreign Affairs,
in which the violations of religious rights and conscience
among the civilian population of Poland were set out in
detail, and the time, locality, and character of the
persecutions were specified. Priests and Ecclesiastics were
still being arrested, thrust into concentration camps, and
treated with scorn and derision, while many had been
summarily executed. Religious instruction was hampered;
Catholic schools were closed; the use of the Polish lan-

[Page 284]

guage in sacred functions and even in the Sacrament of
Penance was forbidden. Even the natural right of marriage
was denied to men of Polish nationality under 28 years of
age to women under 25. In the territory called "General
Government" similar conditions existed and against these the
Holy See vigorously protested. To save the harassed and
persecuted leaders of the Catholic Church, the Vatican had
petitioned that they be allowed to emigrate to neutral
countries of Europe or America. The only concession made was
that they would all be collected in one concentration camp
Dachau. (3264-PS)

The Nazi conspirators adopted a dilatory and obstructionist
policy toward complaints as to religious affairs in the
overrun territories, and a decision was "taken by those
competent to do so. *** that no further consideration will
be taken of proposals or requests concerning the territories
which do not belong to the Old Reich." (3262-PS)

"Those competent" to make decisions on complaints as to
religious affairs in the overrun territories -- especially
the Party Chancery, headed by Bormann -- the methods they
used, and the reasons for their attitude are outlined by the
Cardinal Archbishop of Breslau, a German
living in Germany, in a letter to the Papal Secretary of
State on 7 December 1942 as follows:

"Your Eminence knows very well the greatest difficulty
in the way of opening negotiations comes from the
overruling authority which the "National Socialist
Party Chancery" (Kanzlei der Nazion-sozstschen Parez,
known as the Partei-Kanzlei) exercises in relation to
the Chancery of the Reich (Reichskanzlei) and to the
single Reich Ministries. This 'Parteikanzlei' directs
the course to be followed by the State, whereas the
Ministries and the Chancery of the Reich are obliged
and compelled to adjust their decrees to these
directions. Besides, there is the fact that the
"Supreme Office for the Security of the Reich" called
the 'Reichsscherheitshauptamt' enjoys an authority
which precludes all legal action and all appeals. Under
it are the 'Secret Offices for Public Security' called
'Geheime Staatspolizei' (a title shortened usually to
Gestapo) of which there is one for each Province.
Against the decrees of this Central Office
(Reichsscherheitshauptamt) and of the Secret Offices
(Geheime Staatspolizei) there is no appeal through the
Courts, and no complaint made to the Ministries has any
effect. Not infrequently the Councillors of the
Ministries suggest that they have not been able to do
as they would wish to, because of the opposition of
these Party offices. As far as the executive

[Page 285]

power is concerned, the organization called the SS,
that is Schutzstaffeln der Partei, is in practice
supreme.

"This hastily sketched interrelation of authorities is
the reason why many of the petitions and protests made
by the Bishops to the Ministries have been foiled. Even
if we present our complaints to the so-called Supreme
Security Office, there is rarely any reply; and when
there is, it is negative.

"On a number of very grave and fundamental issues we
have also presented our complaints to the Supreme
Leader of the Reich (Fuehrer). Either no answer is
given, or it is apparently edited by the above-
mentioned Party Chancery, which does not consider
itself bound by the Concordat made with the Holy See."
(3266-PS)

The interchange of correspondence following the transmission
of the above-described note of 2 March 1943 on the religious
situation in the overrun Polish Provinces illustrates the
same evasive tactics. (3269-PS)

In his Allocution to the Sacred College, on 2 June 1945, His
Holiness Pope Pius XII recalled, byway of example, "some
details from the abundant accounts which have reached us
from priests and laymen who were interned in the
concentration camp at Dachau":

"In the forefront, for the number and harshness of the
treatment meted out to them, are the Polish priests.
From 1940 to 1945, 2,800 Polish ecclesiastics and
religious were imprisoned in that camp; among them was
the Auxiliary bishop of Wloclawek, who died there of
typhus. In April last there were left only 816, all the
others being dead except
for two or three transferred to another camp. In the
summer of 1942, 480 German-speaking ministers of
religion were known to be gathered there; of these, 45
were Protestants, all the others Catholic priests. In
spite of the continuous inflow of new internees,
especially from some dioceses of Bavaria, Rhenania and
Westphalia, their number, as a result of the high rate
of mortality, at the beginning of this year, did not
surpass 350. Nor should we pass over in silence these
belonging to occupied territories, Holland, Belgium,
France (among whom the Bishop of Clermont), Luxembourg,
Slovenia, Italy. Many of those priests and laymen
endured indescribable sufferings for their faith and
for their vocation. In one case the hatred of the
impious against Christ
reached the point of parodying on the person of an

[Page 286]

interned priest, with barbed wire, the scourging and
the crowning with thorns of our
Redeemer." (3268-PS)

Further revealing figure on the persecution of Polish
priests are contained in the following extract from Charge
No. 17 against Hans Frank, Governor-General of Poland,
submitted by the Polish Government, entitled "Maltreatment
and Persecution of the Catholic Clergy in the Western
Provinces":

"IV. GENERAL CONDITIONS AND RESULTS OF THE PERSECUTION

11. The general situation of the clergy in the
Archdiocese of Poznan in the beginning of April 1940 is
summarized in the following words of Cardinal Hlond's
second report:

5 priests shot

27 priests confined in harsh concentration camps at
Stutthof and in other camps

190 priests in prison or in concentration camps at
Bruczkow, Chludowo, Goruszki, Kazimierz, Biskupi, Lad,
Lubin and Puszczykowo,

35 priests expelled into the Government General,

11 priests seriously ill in consequence of ill-
treatment,

122 parishes entirely left without priests.'

12. In the diocese of Chefmno,. where about 650 priests
were installed before the war only 30 were allowed to
stay, the 97% of them were imprisoned, executed or put
into concentration camps.

13. By January 141 about 7000 priests were killed, 3000
were in prison or concentration camps." (3279-PS)

The Allocution of Pope Pius XII on 2 June 1945 described
National Socialism as "the arrogant apostasy from Jesus
Christ, the denial of His doctrine and of His work of
redemption, the cult of violence, the idolatry of race and
blood, the overthrow of human liberty and dignity." It
summarized the attacks of "National Socialism" on the
Catholic Church in these terms:

"The struggle against the Church did, in fact, become
even more bitter: there was the dissolution of Catholic
organizations; the gradual suppression of the
flourishing Catholic schools,-both public and private;
the enforced weaning of youth from family and Church;
the pressure brought to bear on the conscience of
citizens, and especially of civil servants; the
systematic defamation, by means of a clever, closely
organized propaganda, of the Church, the clergy, the
faithful, the Church's institutions, teaching and
history; the closing, dissolution, confiscation of
religious houses and other ecclesiastical institutions;
the complete suppression of the Catholic press and
publishing houses." (3268-PS)

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http://users.erols.com/igoddard/fda_2.htm
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ABOLISH THE FDA?
SHOULD WE ABOLISH THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION?

(c) 10/31/99 Ian Williams Goddard

Ideas like abolishing the FDA may sound absurd on
their face, but unless cases against a given system
are examined, supporting it is probably irrational.
Many people accept the case for the FDA on its face,
after all, who would want unsafe and/or bogus drugs?
But the claim that the FDA ensures safety and a system
of tort liability does not is not automatically true.

The following are a few features of what may be valid
and unique points against the FDA, posted in order to
acquire critique and/or supplemental supporting points:

FDA Approval provides promotion and legal protection for
the wealthiest members of the pharmaceutical-industrial
complex (PIC). The illusion is that the FDA is a watchdog
of PIC, and to some degree this is true, but the bottom
line is that (a) the FDA maximizes the profits of a few
manufacturers, (b) minimizes profits of or eliminates
smaller manufacturers and (c) steers consumers to drugs
that are marketed primarily because they are patentable
(which ensures maximum profits due to exclusive sales
rights) NOT primarily because they are safe and effective.

* The FDA causes patentable drugs to be favored over
non-patentable drugs, even if the non-patentables are
shown to be as or more effective and safer in any number
of studies conducted by research facilities not associated
with the company that plans to sell the drug (FDA over-
sight is merely the review of testing funded by the same
company seeking approval and the resultant profits). No
company will fund research for FDA Approval of a non-
patentable drug if all other companies can also sell the
drug without having paid for the Promotional approval.
Patent rights and the surety of large profits derived
therefrom, not safety and efficacy, define the structure
of contemporary medicine. The fact that FDA-Approval
protocols inherently favor patentable drugs is the
single largest feature promoting this harmful situation.

This situation causes safer and equally-or-more effective
non-patentable therapeutics like SAMe (which has been more
thoroughly tested in the sum of studies done by independent
research facilities than many FDA-Approved drugs) to be
valued and prescribed less than dangerous FDA-Approved
drugs like Prozac. The result is that consumers are steered
away from safer products that haven't been FDA Approved
toward far-more-dangerous products that are being promoted
by their FDA-Approved status. This ensures that patent
holders make maximum profits while consumers are exposed
to maximum harm. The irony is that this is done in the
name of consumer safety and keeping businesses in line!
Notice that this perversity is not an attribute of FDA
corruption, but of the FDA working according to plan.

* FDA Approval acts as a legal shield in cases where FDA-
approved drugs are causing harm to some. The fact that
a drug is FDA Approved and has not been revoked is seen
by jurors in court cases against a drug manufacturer as
powerful evidence that the drug is not culpable in the
case at hand, regardless of the facts in that case. The
fact of this is verified when the FDA does revoke approval,
as it did of the drug Fen-Phen, whereupon a flood of libel
suits followed, even though Fen-Phen was just as harmful the
day before and numerous studies showing its harmful nature
were published years before FDA revocation. The fact that
law suits start en mass after approval is revoked is the
very measure of the legal protection provided by FDA Approval.
Lawyers know that juries will be swayed by FDA directives
more so than by any research or the facts in a given case.

There are many FDA-Approved drugs that are causing serious
harm to individuals who should be compensated for such harm,
but are not because judges throw out evidence and juries
are prejudiced simply because the drug is "FDA Approved."

* FDA Approval and the "bullet proof" legal status it
provides approved drugs establish logical incentives for
fraud that would be expressed in the following thinking
on the part of a drug manufacturer: "Gee, in our studies
that we will submit to the FDA for approval it looks
like this drug may be harmful, but if we simply fudge
the numbers a little to get it past the FDA-review panel,
then it will be 'safe' and insulated from liability, and
it will take years for the FDA to revoke it, if they
ever do, and by then we'll have made millions anyway."
However, in a free market they would think: "Gee, it
looks like this drug might not be safe, we'll probably
get sued if we sell it, better trash this one." In this
case "safe" is a matter decided by independent research
and in the courts per case, not by authoritarian decree.
This shows how FDA-Approval status provides an incentive
that could/should lead to unsafe and/or ineffective drugs.

* FDA Approval defines what 99% of medical practitioners
will prescribe BECAUSE FDA Approval is a legal shield.
Doctors are more vulnerable to a lawsuit if they prescribe
a non-FDA-Approved medicine than if they prescribe an FDA-
Approved medicine. If an FDA-Approved drug is prescribed
and it causes harm, the doctor can say "it was approved,"
but if they prescribe a non-FDA-Approved drug that causes
harm or fails to save the patient, they are more vulnerable
to law suits. Doctors know this, and will therefore tend
to stick with the FDA program. The result once again is
that consumers are led towards therapeutic options that
EXIST PRIMARILY BECAUSE THEY CAN BE PATENTED, NOT BECAUSE
THEY ARE THE SAFEST AND MOST EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS. The
result is that the function of the FDA is the promotion
and protection of the pharmaceutical-industrial complex
at the expense of consumer safety and access to options.

No wonder that safe and effective alternative therapeutics,
such as vitamins and herbs, that are not patentable have
been under attack from the FDA, with looming threats of
their being banned and forced to go through the FDA-
Approval protocol and then placed into the hands of the
wealthiest members of the pharmaceutical-industrial
complex who will sell those products at fantastically
inflated prices, as has happened in nations that have
followed through with vitamin restrictions. The con, by
design or default, is that the FDA is the champion of
anti-capitalist idealism when in fact it is the vehicle
of the most vicious and predatory capitalism imaginable,
a form of capitalism is that anti-free-market and pro-
mercantilism, ie, a form of capitalism directed not by
consumer demand but by authoritarian decree and force
where consumers, rather than being the directors of the
economy, are ripped off and plundered via State power.

* To prove that the FDA is working to benefit society,
we must show that there has been a decrease in harmful
drugs after the FDA's existence and a steady rate or
increase of new effective drugs coming to market. A problem
here is that the standard by which most will measure the
FDA is the FDA itself, that is, to determine the number
of unsafe drugs approved by the FDA we have to count the
number of drugs the FDA has revoked its approval of.
Like any enterprise, the FDA would have a disincentive
to admit that it is making things worse, and thus would
have an incentive not to revoke too many approved drugs,
just as laws that prove to be more harmful are rarely
ever revoked. Of course, there can be other means of
measuring drug safety, such as adverse reaction reports.

IN SUM: People usually think of life without some large
government institution as a return to the jungle. They
seem to forget that tort liability still exists in the
free market and it exerts a powerful effect on actors
in the market, such that the threat of law suits for bad
drugs will cause manufacturers and sellers to be careful.
We also tend to forget that it's EASIER to bribe or slip
bad data past an inspector or a small review panel than
to do the same to a myriad randomly-selected juries and
hundreds research facilities operated around the world.
Knowing that, companies would have an incentive to be
more careful when it's more difficult to bribe or lie,
which suggests that a free market would regulate better.

The result of slipping bad drugs past an organization
that issues authoritarian decrees of safety is by far
the greatest threat to public safety for it then gives
a bad drug bullet-proof status and the drug will have
free reign to harm the people while it makes the
manufacturer millions and millions. If you study the
case of Prozac and other SSRI drugs, the idea that the
FDA will revoke approval of drugs due to extraordinary
rates of reported adverse reactions is not indicated. A
drug may be revoked if a negative study appears in one
of biggest medical journals, and if you look at these
journals you will find them filled with advertisements
from the very companies the journal would harm if it
were to publish a study showing that one of the drug
manufactures it does business with is selling a bad
drug. In short, if a drug manufacturer like Eli Lilly
sends a journal X thousands of dollars per year, this
payment is, on its face, a de-facto form of bribery
to one of the main entities we have to rely upon to
keep the pharmaceutical-industrial complex honest.

There is quite a lot more to be said in terms of how
the FDA causes harm, which is perhaps most evident in
the cases of the routine delay of life-saving therapies,
which potentially causes more harm than harm caused by
bad drugs getting out in the free market. The argument
is convincing that tens of thousands died of a heart
condition that could have been easily treated by the
drug propranolol when the FDA kept it off the U.S.
market while it was available in Europe; and that
up to 100,000 die each year due to the FDA's ban on
truthful health information about food and supplements
(See "Freedom of Informed Choice: FDA Versus Nutrient
Supplements," by Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw, 1993).

Pages Questioning The Safety & Efficacy Of The FDA:

http://clipper.spinnaker.com/liberty/docs/fda.txt
http://www.ncpa.org/~ncpa/studies/s208/s208.html
http://www.aynrand.org/medialink/fda.html
http://www.internetwks.com/pauling/cando.html
http://www.iahf.com/index1.html

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GODDARD'S JOURNAL: http://www.erols.com/igoddard/journal.htm
____________________________________________________________

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A "Band-Aid" on the FDA

The following editorial has been produced by the Ayn Rand Institute's
MediaLink department. Visit MediaLink at
http://www.aynrand.org/medialink/.

The FDA itself is the primary obstacle to creating safe and effective
drugs. Horror stories about the consequences of Agency action abound.
The only way a supply of safe and effective drugs will make its way to
the market is by abolishing the FDA, not by "modernizing" it.

A "Band-Aid" on the FDA

Gary Hull, Ph.D.

Congress seems to have finally realized that the regulatory
constraints of the Food and Drug Administration are keeping vital
drugs off the market. But it is proposing a wrong solution — a
solution amounting to a Band-Aid being applied to a hemorrhaging
patient, while the central cause of the bleeding is left intact.

The Senate is about to vote on a "Modernization and Accountability
Act," designed to make the FDA's approval process more "efficient"
(for example, by reducing the number of scientific studies required
and by placing certain products on a "fast-track"). The bill, says its
sponsor, Senator Jim Jeffords, provides "access sooner to newer,
safer, and more effective therapeutic products."

By its very nature, the FDA is the primary obstacle to the creation of
safe and effective products.

The FDA exists to keep products off the market. Its purpose is not to
evaluate new drugs; private manufacturers already do that — as do
private scientists, doctors and pharmacists — far more rationally than
does the FDA. But such entities cannot force you to accept their
judgments. The FDA, however, can.

The agency's function is to prohibit the individual from judging which
sources of information and recommendation to rely on — to prohibit you
from weighing your risks and benefits — to prohibit products you deem
valuable to your life. As FDA controls expand, new medicines are
suppressed. Since 1990, drugs have taken an average of 15 years to go
from laboratory to pharmacy shelf (most of which was the time required
just to obtain FDA approval). This is almost double the time span of
the 1960s.

FDA horror stories abound. Untold thousands suffered and died, for
instance, while interleukin-2, which treats metastatic kidney cancer,
and TPA, which dissolves blood clots, were kept off the U.S. market —
even though they were widely available in other countries. The FDA's
refusal to approve beta-blockers — used in cardiovascular therapy —
has, according to the noted clinical pharmacologist Dr. William
Wardell, "set back cardiovascular therapy in this country by years."

Robert Goldberg of Brandeis University's Gordon Public Policy Center
concluded that "FDA delays in allowing U.S. marketing of drugs used
safely and effectively elsewhere around the world have cost the lives
of at least 200,000 Americans over the past 30 years."

As long as an FDA is permitted to exist — regardless of how "modern"
and "accountable" it is — such deadly consequences cannot be avoided.
FDA defenders claim that the selfishness of a free market would result
in a flood of noxious drugs and defective medical devices, and that
only selfless FDA bureaucrats care about how the public is affected.
But if so, why don't we trust the non-commercial, disinterested Postal
Service more than we do the greedy money-makers at Federal Express?

A private manufacturer has every incentive — every selfish incentive —
to create products that work. Furthermore, its most valuable asset is
its reputation, particularly when it needs to induce physicians and
patients to use life-or-death products like drugs. A company's desire
for profit provides the strongest motivation to be scrupulously
conscientious in protecting a reputation for quality. What, by
contrast, motivates a government bureaucrat — other than a lust for
power and a fear of being blamed if something goes wrong?

It is the pharmaceutical industry, not the FDA, that produces safe and
effective drugs. If you doubt this, try the following five-year
experiment. Ship all the FDA officials to Bangladesh, and leave all
the private scientists, inventors and company executives in America.
Then see whether Bangladesh produces even one bottle of aspirin, let
alone antibiotics, CAT scans and organ transplants.

The FDA operates on the dictatorial premise of "preventive law." The
agency assumes that pharmaceutical companies are guilty of poisoning
the public until their innocence can be proved. Objective law, a
cornerstone of the Bill of Rights, rests on the individual's right to
be free of government coercion unless there is evidence that he has
committed a crime; preventive law cavalierly violates that right by
subjecting people to government force without any such evidence.

If one may borrow the immortal words of Thomas Jefferson, the FDA "has
erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers
to harass our people." But Jefferson realized that the solution to
oppression was not to "modernize" the British monarchy, but to abolish
it — and to replace it with a system in which the individual is free
of the tyrannical state.

It is a course of action worth emulating.

Dr. Gary Hull is a senior writer for the Ayn Rand Institute in Marina
del Rey, California.

========================================================

#####################################################################

DEATH BY REGULATION --
THE PRICE WE PAY FOR THE FDA
By Dr. Mary J. Ruwart

#####################################################################

A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH

How would you feel if a member of your family had an incurable disease,
but they were forbidden, by law, to import a medicine which might save
them? If you think it can't happen here, think again. Until July of
1988, U.S. customs officials took dextran sulfate, a potential AIDS
therapy, away from the AIDS victims who had travelled all the way to
Japan to purchase it. By demonstrating how our Food and Drug laws are
killing thousands of innocent Americans, the AIDS community convinced
the Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to allow limited
importation of medications from other countries for personal use. These
pharmaceuticals are not available here because of the "drug lag" our
laws have created.

In the United States, pharmaceutical firms are required to spend much
more time and money demonstrating that their drugs are safe and
effective. Afterwards, the FDA takes an average of two to six years to
decide whether the manufacturer will be allowed to market them.
Americans get new, life-saving drugs years later than citizens of other
countries that are not so restrictive. Some drugs which take a long time
to test, such as those that may retard aging, are not available to
Americans at all.

ABOUT THALIDOMIDE

Sometimes this delay protects us from drugs which have side effects
which are not readily predicted from animal studies. Thalidomide, for
example, was marketed in Europe for several years as a sedative while
awaiting approval for use in the United States. In the early 1960's, the
sensitivity of an unborn child to the deforming effects of drugs was not
widely appreciated, so doctors began prescribing thalidomide to pregnant
women. Consequently, approximately 12,000 European children were born
with deformed limbs. Few American babies were affected because only a
few test samples had been distributed in this country. The FDA physician
who had delayed its approval was given a Presidential Award.

PAYING WITH OUR LIVES

Encouraged by this feedback, the FDA began to require even more studies.
Testing and approval took even longer, especially when compared with
countries like Great Britain where there were no immediate changes in
the way new drugs were processed. While the British continued to enjoy
many new drugs to treat their illnesses, only half of these were
available to Americans, and only after many more years of waiting. One
of these new drugs denied to Americans was propranolol, the first
Beta-blocker to be used extensively to treat angina and hypertension.

Approximately 10,000 Americans died needlessly every year because it was
against the law for their doctors to treat them with propranolol.
Propranolol was finally approved here for minor uses in 1968, but was
only approved in 1973 and 1976 for angina and hypertension respectively.
The regulatory delay of this single drug may have been responsible for
the death of more Americans than all other deaths from drugs in this
century. Even so, the FDA came under severe criticism by Congress for
"premature" approval of this valuable drug! Former F.D.A. Commissioner
Alexander Schmidt noted that ". . . rarely, if ever, has Congress held
a hearing to look into the failure of F.D.A. to approve a new entity;
but it has held hundreds of hearings alleging that the F.D.A. has done
something wrong by approving a drug . . ." The drug lag, he claimed,
could only "be remedied by Congressional and public recognition that
the failure to approve an important new drug can be as detrimental to
the public health as the approval of a potentially bad drug."

Just how detrimental is the drug lag to public health? Conservative
estimates of needless deaths due to the "drug lag" are tens, perhaps
hundreds of thousands of innocent Americans every year. Perhaps a loved
one youve lost was among them.

The saddest part of this story is that we gain very little by having a
"drug lag". Countries which have a faster approval process sometimes
withdraw a drug because it has side effects in humans that don't show up
in animal testing, but usually the number of deaths is less than the
number that die from aspirin each year. Aspirin causes malformations
when given to most pregnant animals, and could not gain FDA approval if
tested today.

While any harm from drugs is undesirable, we must recognize that no drug
is safe for everyone. People die every year from drug allergies or
idiosyncratic reactions which cannot be predicted with state-of-the-art
expertise. Whenever we take drugs, we must weigh the risks and the
potential benefits, just as we weigh the substantial risks and benefits
of driving an automobile. By demanding that the FDA protect us from
drugs that have any side effects, we deprive ourselves of drugs that
save hundreds of thousands of lives.

Ironically, FDA regulations sometimes force people to take more toxic
drugs. For example, one San Francisco physician encourages his AIDS
patients to take DDC, an unapproved drug, instead of DDI, a legal drug
that damages the pancreas. DDC is still in testing, but causes less
pancreatic damage than DDI, which eventually it will replace. Until
then, AIDS patients buy the safer substance from illegal buyers' clubs.
Sick people are forced to purchase their medicine on the black market
instead of from reputable pharmaceutical firms!

At least the AIDS patients can purchase DDC somewhere. Many of the
delays and extra testing demanded by the FDA often makes unpatentable
products, such as vitamin and mineral regimens, too expensive to
develop. Diseases that affect only a few are never researched, since the
development costs cannot be recovered. All these factors restrict the
areas in which we expand our knowledge. If common, everyday aspirin
cannot meet the rigorous standards of today's regulatory agencies, other
drugs, of equal or superior value, have undoubtedly been excluded from
our drugstore shelves too. As a former head of the FDA, Donald Kennedy,
noted, "the pattern of intervention into science from a combination of
local, state, and federal sources has moved from reasonable control to
something close to chaotic strangulation."

THE EASY WAY OUT

What do we do when even those affiliated with the FDA can see that drug
regulation flunks its own criteria of being safe and effective? How do
we stop our tax dollars from being spent on killing both ourselves and
our loved ones? How do we insure that Americans get all the safe and
effective drugs possible?

Patients and their physicians legally should be able to buy whatever
drugs they wish, regardless of the stage of testing. Each person needs
to decide for themselves, in consultation with their physician or other
specialists, which risks they are willing to take. Those who wish to
wait for FDA approval or a "Seal of Approval" from a medical
organization or a consumers group will have that option. Those who, like
AIDS patients, can't wait a decade or two for a new drug to be tested
and approved, should be able to buy pharmaceuticals direct from the
manufacturer -- either here or abroad. Sometimes people may feel it's
worth the risk to try something experimental or not fully tested for
safety. It is their life, and it should be their choice. If your loved
ones were dying, wouldn't you want access to every possible chance?

WEVE DONT IT BEFORE

In the early 1900's, Americans could decide for themselves which drugs
to take. Before the FDA came into being, American drug manufacturers
usually gave their customers the best drugs that the state-of-the-art
would allow. After all, killing the customer is bad business. Deaths due
to inadequate testing were much less frequent than the deaths produced
by todays ``drug lag. In evaluating our FDA regulations, Professor
Peltzman at the University of Chicago concluded that "the penalties
imposed by the marketplace on sellers of ineffective drugs before 1962 .
. . have left little room for improvement by a regulatory agency." It
is time to quit asking the impossible from the FDA. It's time to stop
denying ourselves and our loved ones life-saving drugs.

Dr. Mary Ruwart is a Senior Research Scientist for the Upjohn Co. in
Kalamazoo, Michigan. Cited in "Who's Who of American Women" in 1989 and
1990 and in "American Men and Women of Science", she is the author
of over 50 scientific publications and is intimately involved on a daily
basis in pharmaceutical research and development.

RECOMMENDED READING

The Regulated Consumer (Mary B. Peterson) ........ $2.95
(With introduction by Milton Friedman)
Life Extension (Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaw ........ $14.95
(Includes review on F.D.A.)
Healing Our World (Dr. Mary Ruwart) .............. $14.95

For these and other books and tapes write: Freedoms Forum Books,
1800 Market Street, San Francisco, California 94102. Add $2.50 P &
H for 1st book and $1.00 for each additional item.

Additional (hard)copies of this two-color pamphlet are available for
5 cents each (minimum order $1.00). Price includes shipping. This
pamphlet is produced as a public service by the International Society
for Individual Liberty. If you would like to receive free literature
about ISILs activities around the world, and receive a sample copy
of the FREEDOM NETWORK NEWS newsletter and book catalog, please write:

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY
1800 Market Street, San Francisco, California 94102 USA
Tel: (415) 864-0952 Fax: (415) 864-7506

-------o

[jum...@my-deja.com]

From: Gerard Serafin <jer...@home.com>
Subject: Top 100 Spiritual Books of Century?
Date: Saturday, November 13, 1999 3:24 PM

Came across this listing of top 100 spiritual books of century.

What do you think of this listing? (I'm delighted to see a lot of books
I would have chosen too!).

--

The 100 Best Spiritual Books of the Century--by HarperCollins
Publshers, Compiled by Philip Zaleski, editor of The Best Spiritual
Writing series

Based on nominations by Thomas Moore, Natalie Goldberg, Rodger Kamenetz,
Harold Kushner, Lawrence Kushner, Christopher de Vinck, David Yount,
Kabir Helminski, Helen Tworkov, Ron Hansen, Frederic Brussat, Joseph
Bruchac, Huston Smith, Lawrence Cunningham, and John Wilson.

Adams, Henry,
Mont-Saint Michel and Chartres
Agnon, S. Y.,
In the Heart of the Seas
Anonymous,
Alcoholics Anonymous
Anonymous,
The Gospel of Thomas
Balthasar, Hans Urs von,
The Glory of the Lord
Barfield, Owen,
Saving the Appearances
Barth, Karl,
The Epistle to the Romans
Bernanos, Georges,
Diary of a Country Priest
Black Elk,
Black Elk Speaks
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich,
The Cost of Discipleship
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich,
Letters and Papers from Prison
Buber, Martin,
I and Thou
Buber, Martin,
Tales of the Hasidim
Camus, Albert,
The Plague
Chapman, John,
Spiritual Letters
Chesterton, G. K.,
Orthodoxy
Daumal, Rene,
Mount Analogue
Day, Dorothy,
The Long Loneliness
Dillard, Annie,
Pilgrim at Tinker Creek
Dunne, John S.,
The Way of All the Earth
Eisley, Loren,
The Immense Journey
Eliade, Mircea,
The Myth of Eternal Return
Eliot, T. S.,
Christianity and Culture
Eliot, T. S.,
The Four Quartets
Endo, Shusako,
Silence
Florensky, Pavel,
The Pillar and the Ground of Truth
Foster, Richard,
A Celebration of Discipline
Frankl, Viktor,
Man’s Search for Meaning
Gandhi, Mohandas,
An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments
with Truth
Greene, Graham,
The Power and the Glory
Griffiths, Bede,
The Golden String
Guardini, Romano,
The Lord
Guenon, Rene,
The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the
Times
Gurdjieff, G. I.,
Meetings with Remarkable Men
Hahn, Thich Nhat,
Peace Is Every Step
Hammarskjold, Dag,
Markings
Heschel, Abraham Joshua,
God in Search of Man
Heschel, Abraham Joshua,
The Sabbath
Hesse, Hermann,
Siddhartha
Hopkins, Gerard Manley,
Collected Poems
Huxley, Aldous,
The Perennial Philosophy
Isherwood, Christopher,
My Guru and His Disciple
James, William,
The Varieties of Religious Experience
John XXIII, Pope,
Journal of a Soul
John Paul II, Pope,
Crossing the Threshold of Hope
Jung, Carl,
Memories, Dreams, Reflections
Kafka, Franz,
The Trial
Kelly, Thomas,
A Testament of Devotion
Kerouac, Jack,
The Dharma Bums
King, Martin Luther, Jr.,
I Have a Dream: Writings and Speeches That
Changed the World
Knox, Ronald,
Enthusiasm
Krishnamurti,
Think on These Things
Leclercq, Jean,
The Love of Learning and the Desire for God
Lewis, C. S.,
The Chronicles of Narnia
Mere Christianity
Lusseyran, Jacques,
And There Was Light
Maharashi, Ramana,
The Spiritual Teachings of Ramana Maharashi
Malcolm X,
The Autobiography of Malcolm X
Maritain, Raissa,
Journals
Maugham, W. Somerset,
The Razor’s Edge
Merton, Thomas,
New Seeds of Contemplation
The Seven Storey Mountain
Muggeridge, Malcolm,
Something Beautiful for God
Newman, John Henry,
Meditations and Devotions
Niebuhr, Richard H.,
Christ and Culture
Niebuhr, Reinhold,
The Nature and Destiny of Man
O’Connor, Flannery,
Wise Blood
Otto, Rudolf,
The Idea of the Holy
Ouspensky, P. D.,
In Search of the Miraculous
Peck, M. Scott,
The Road Less Traveled
Percy, Walker,
Lost in the Cosmos
Pirsig, Robert,
Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
Ramakrishna,
The Gospel of Ramakrishna
Reps, Paul,
Zen Flesh, Zen Bones
Rilke, Rainer Maria,
Duino Elegies
Rosenzweig, Franz,
The Star of Redemption
Russell, George William,
The Candle of Vision
Schimmel, Anne-Marie,
Mystical Dimensions of Islam
Scholem, Gershom,
Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism
Schumacher, E. F.,
A Guide for the Perplexed
Schuon, Fritjof,
The Transcendent Unity of Religions
Singer, Isaac Bashevis,
Collected Stories
Smith, Huston,
The World’s Religions
Steinsaltz, Adin,
The Thirteen-Petalled Rose
Suzuki, D. T.,
Essays in Zen Buddhism
Suzuki, Shunryu,
Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind
Tagore, Rabindranath,
Gitanjali
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre,
The Phenomenon of Man
Teresa, Mother,
A Simple Path
Therese of Lisieux, St.,
The Story of a Soul
Tillich, Paul,
The Courage to Be
Tolkien, J. R. R.,
The Lord of the Rings
Tomberg, Valentin,
Meditations on the Tarot
Traherne, Thomas,
Centuries
Trungpa, Chogyam,
Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism
Underhill, Evelyn,
Mysticism
Weil, Simone,
Waiting for God
Wiesel, Elie,
Night
Yeats, William Butler,
Collected Poems
Yogananda, Paramahansa,
Autobiography of a Yogi

--
Gerard Serafin

Celebrating the Romance of Orthodoxy:
A Catholic Page for Lovers:
http://praiseofglory.alabanza.com
Praise of Glory BookCenter:
"Do not read good books; read *great* books!":
http://praiseofglory.alabanza.com/books.htm

============================================================

From: Asser Hassanain <ahas...@my-deja.com>
Subject: Re: Religion and Bill Gates
Date: Friday, November 12, 1999 2:03 AM

Boy, what religion will be next? (I can picture it now, masses
starting with "why don't You start us up, oh Lord?")...

Asser Hassanain

Canis timidus vehementius latrat quam mordet
"A timid dog barks more violently than it bites"
- Curtius Rufus

In article <3827C3B9...@stwaffles.com,
Brother Jimmaeus <brother....@stwaffles.comwrote:

Found this rather timely morsel in a website...

Blessings

Brother Jimmaeus

MICROSOFT Bids to Acquire Catholic Church By Hank Vorjes

VATICAN CITY (AP) -- In a joint press conference in St. Peter's Square
this morning, MICROSOFT Corp. and the Vatican announced that the
Redmond software giant will acquire the Roman Catholic Church in
exchange for an unspecified number of shares of MICROSOFT common
stock. If the deal goes through, it will be the first time a computer
software company has acquired a major world religion.

With the acquisition, Pope John Paul II will become the senior
vice-president of the combined company's new Religious Software
Division, while MICROSOFT senior vice-presidents Michael Maples and
Steven Ballmer will be invested in the College of Cardinals, said
MICROSOFT Chairman Bill Gates.

"We expect a lot of growth in the religious market in the next five to
ten years," said Gates. "The combined resources of MICROSOFT and the
Catholic Church will allow us to make religion easier and more fun for
a broader range of people."

Through the MICROSOFT Network, the company's new on-line service, "we
will make the sacraments available on-line for the first time" and
revive the popular pre-Counter-Reformation practice of selling
indulgences, said Gates. "You can get Communion, confess your sins,
receive absolution -- even reduce your time in Purgatory -- all
without leaving your home."

A new software application, MICROSOFT Church, will include a macro
language which you can program to download heavenly graces
automatically while you are away from your computer.

An estimated 17,000 people attended the announcement in St Peter's
Square, watching on a 60-foot screen as comedian Don Novello -- in
character as Father Guido Sarducci -- hosted the event, which was
broadcast by satellite to 700 sites worldwide.

Pope John Paul II said little during the announcement. When Novello
chided Gates, "Now I guess you get to wear one of these pointy hats,"
the crowd roared, but the pontiff's smile seemed strained.

The deal grants MICROSOFT exclusive electronic rights to the Bible and
the Vatican's prized art collection, which includes works by such
masters as Michelangelo and Da Vinci. But critics say MICROSOFT will
face stiff challenges if it attempts to limit competitors' access to
these key intellectual properties.

"The Jewish people invented the look and feel of the holy scriptures,"
said Rabbi David Gottschalk of Philadelphia. "You take the parting of
the Red Sea -- we had that thousands of years before the Catholics
came on the scene."

But others argue that the Catholic and Jewish faiths both draw on a
common Abrahamic heritage. "The Catholic Church has just been more
successful in marketing it to a larger audience," notes Notre Dame
theologian Father Kenneth Madigan. Over the last 2,000 years, the
Catholic Church's market share has increased dramatically, while
Judaism, which was the first to offer many of the concepts now touted
by Christianity, lags behind.

Historically, the Church has a reputation as an aggressive competitor,
leading crusades to pressure people to upgrade to Catholicism, and
entering into exclusive licensing arrangements in various kingdoms
whereby all subjects were instilled with Catholicism, whether or not
they planned to use it. Today Christianity is available from several
denominations, but the Catholic version is still the most widely used.
The Church's mission is to reach "the four corners of the earth,"
echoing MICROSOFT's vision of "a computer on every desktop and in
every home".

Gates described MICROSOFT's long-term strategy to develop a scalable
religious architecture that will support all religions through
emulation. A single core religion will be offered with a choice of
interfaces according to the religion desired -- "One religion, a
couple of different implementations," said Gates.

The MICROSOFT move could spark a wave of mergers and acquisitions,
according to Herb Peters, a spokesman for the U.S. Southern Baptist
Conference, as other churches scramble to strengthen their position in
the increasingly competitive religious market.

================================================================

From: Bookman <the_b...@my-deja.com
Subject: demon seed
Date: Thursday, November 11, 1999 5:24 PM

Makes you wonder if these chess master child geniuses who beat adults
chess masters are clones because of their incredible intelligence ?

THE ARRIVAL OF THE DEMON CLONES.
--------------------------------

NOSTRADAMUS PREDICTIONS:
Century 1-quatrain91
The gods will arrive in the 'guise of humans',
And they will be the cause of great conflict.
Before, the sky was seen to be free of arms.
The greatest damage will be caused in the west.

Century 2-quatrain45
Too much the heavens weep for the Androgyne procreation,
Near the heavens human blood shed:
Because of death too late a great people re-created,
Late and soon comes the awaited help.

2 Esdras 5:8 There shall be chaos also in many places, fire shall
often break out, the wild animals shall roam beyound their haunts, and
menstruous women shall bring forth monsters.
(From the Harper Collins study bible with the apocryphal/
deuterocanonical books included.)

Humm!!
To ask the question, "How long before human clones will be produced?"
is to be a little naive since the real questions that should be asked
is, "How old are they now and how many of them have been created?".

Look at what Nostradamus and Esdras are predicting. In the first
quatraine it says that 'the gods will arrive in the guise of humans'
and what is a clone but a piece of flesh, a soulless human body ready
for the gods to occupy. How can your soul be in two places at the one
time and the answer is it can not. If that clone body, in other word
your flesh starts moving around you can bet your bottom dollar that
the clone body is possessed. The second quatrain says 'a great people
recreated' and the Bible mentions these great people that were the
children of the fallen angels and women before they were all wiped out
by the floods in Noah's time. Esdras also says that women will bring
forth monsters in the end times. We also have other legends still with
us about Hercules the son of the god Zeus(probably Satan himself)
and an earthly mother from the past that confirm that what will happen
in our future is possible through cloning if these legends are to be
believed.

The fallen angels that interfered with earthly women were locked up
(except for Satan whose power is restricted) to stop them from
producing any more children from earthly women and now man under the
influence of these evil spirits are producing clone bodies for these
evil spirits (demons) to occupy. These demons which are the offspring
of the fallen angels may not of had bodies completely to themselves
since before the flood but they have now or will have. The presence of
these demons has been seen throughout mankinds history especially by
those that willing allow them into their bodies.

A few prime examples would be in voodoo where the person says that a
spirit takes over there bodies,mediums that talk to the dead(demons in
reality),demon pocessed people and people with familar spirits. Some
not so obvious examples are when people are put under hypnosis and can
be made to act out of character and while under hypnosis have so
called memories of past lives while the demon is in control of that
person's body. Another not so obvious example is of people being
abducted by aliens(their spirits are tormented by demons for a while).

The intelligence level of these demon clones far outstrips mans and if
your final destination is Hell then maybe you won't have too much to
worry about for awhile. The last part of C2 Q45 says that late and
soon comes the awaited help which is probably God(Jesus) who takes out
his people during the tribulation then at the predetermined end of the
tribulation puts a stop to the evil.

The following passages from now on gives a history of the fallen
angels and demons from the bible so if your interested then continue and
since we live in such weird times then check out also
http://surf.to/mart1963

EZEKIEL 28:11-19 The word of the LORD came to me: "Son of man, take up
a lament concerning the king of Tyre and say to him: 'This is what
the Sovereign LORD says: "'You were the model of perfection, full of
wisdom and perfect in beauty. You were in Eden, the garden of God;
every precious stone adorned you: ruby, topaz and emerald,chrysolite,
onyx and jasper,sapphire,turquoise and beryl. Your settings and
mountings were made of gold; on the day you were created they were
prepared. You were anointed as a guardian cherub, for so I ordained
you. You were on the holy mount of God; you walked among the fiery
stones. You were blameless in your ways from the day you were created
till wickedness was found in you. Through your widespread trade you
were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace
from the mount of God, and I expelled you, O guardian cherub, from
among the fiery stones. Your heart became proud on account of your
beauty, and you corrupted your wisdom because of your splendor. So I
threw you to the earth; I made a spectacle of you before kings. By
your many sins and dishonest trade you have desecrated your
sanctuaries.So I made a fire come out from you,and it consumed you,
and I reduced you to ashes on the ground in the sight of all who were
watching. All the nations who knew you are appalled at you; you have
come to a horrible end and will be no more.'"

Humm!!
Satan's past, present and future in a nut shell a once magnificent
guardian cherub in Eden thrown from the mount of God because he
became full of himself and corrupted his wisdom, himself and those that
followed him.

ISAIAH 14:12-15 How you have fallen from heaven, O morning star, son
of the dawn! You have been cast down to the earth, you who once laid
low the nations! You said in your heart, "I will ascend to heaven; I
will raise my throne above the stars of God; I will sit enthroned on
the mount of assembly, on the utmost heights of the sacred mountain.
I will ascend above the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like
the Most High." But you are brought down to the grave,to the depths
of the pit.

Humm!!
Plain and simply Satan wants the same worship that is due to God
only. God gives to each of us his gifts which make us unique but madness
comes when we think that the gifts that come from God come from
ourselves and therefore we should be worshipped as gods. When God's
gifts to an individual becomes corrupted then the power of God to
work through that individual takes a noise dive and all thats finally
left is the sickness e.g. if the moon was to say to the sun I don't
need you around anymore as I have my own light and then the sun goes
away the end result would be a cold dark moon as the only light the moon
has is given from the sun, it is from God that we have the gifts that
we have.

REVELATION 12:7 And there was war in heaven. Michael and his angels
fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back.
But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven.
The great dragon was hurled down-that ancient serpent called the
devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the
earth, and his angels with him.

Humm!!
Satan and his kingdom are thrown out of heaven in the future to earth
and then it will no longer have a place in heaven . That ancient
serpent leads the whole world astray and then tries to get God to
damn the world because the world followed Satan's influence.

GENESIS 3:1-5 Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the wild
animals the LORD God had made. He said to the woman, "Did God really
say, 'You must not eat from any tree in the garden'?" The woman said
to the serpent, "We may eat fruit from the trees in the garden, but
God did say, 'You must not eat fruit from the tree that is in the
middle of the garden, and you must not touch it, or you will die.'"
"You will not surely die," the serpent said to the woman. "For God
knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will
be like God, knowing good and evil."

Humm!!
We know that Satan was a guardian cherub in Eden and that he is also
known as a serpent so who else could it of been that worked through
the serpent to lead Eve astray by eating the fruit that Adam ate also
which open the eyes of mankind to the knowledge of how to rebel
against God other than Satan himself. The price of sin is death and
ever since mankind gained the knowledge of evil and used it his
physical body has died. How perfect man once was only to throw it all
away by not listening to God and following the advice of the devil.

GENESIS 6:1-6 When men began to increase in number on the earth and
daughters were born to them, the sons of God saw that the daughters
of men were beautiful, and they married any of them they chose. Then
the LORD said,"My Spirit will not contend with man forever, for he
is mortal; his days will be a hundred and twenty years." The Nephilim
were on the earth in those days-and also afterward-when the sons of
God went to the daughters of men and had children by them. They were
the heroes of old, men of renown. The LORD saw how great man's
wickedness on the earth had become, and that every inclination of the
thoughts of his heart was only evil all the time. The LORD was
grieved that he had made man on the earth, and his heart was filled with
pain.

Humm!!
Satan and his angels on earth now had a hold on mankind because of
this evil and started to have children with the daughters of men
creating these wicked men of renown. Legends are still with us about
people such as Hercules who had a god(dark angel?) called Zeus as a
father and was born of a earthly mother. Zeus the king of the gods
and the supreme ruler of men has a brother called Hades who rules the
underworld where all men's spirits went after they died. Satan is the
king of the dark angels and the ruler of men because of man's sinful
nature and Hades is Satan's kingdom which makes you wonder if Zeus
is just another name for Satan.

2 PETER 2:4 For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent
them to hell, putting them into gloomy dungeons to be held for
judgment;

JUDE 1:6-7 And the angels who did not keep their positions of
authority but abandoned their own home-these he has kept in darkness,
bound with everlasting chains for judgment on the great Day. In a
similar way, Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding towns gave
themselves up to sexual immorality and perversion. They serve as an
example of those who suffer the punishment of eternal fire.

Humm!!
The whole earth was polluted with wickedness so God threw those dark
angels into hell/hades and flooded the earth killing every living
thing except those saved by Noah's ark.

1 PETER 5:8-9 Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil
prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour. Resist
him, standing firm in the faith, because you know that your brothers
throughout the world are undergoing the same kind of sufferings.

Humm!!
Satan still has influence on the earth with those that obey him.

JOB 1:6-12 One day the angels came to present themselves before the
LORD, and Satan also came with them. The LORD said to Satan, "Where
have you come from?" Satan answered the LORD, "From roaming through
the earth and going back and forth in it." Then the LORD said to
Satan
,"Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one on earth like
him; he is blameless and upright, a man who fears God and shuns
evil." "Does Job fear God for nothing?" Satan replied. "Have you not
put a hedge around him and his household and everything he has? You have
blessed the work of his hands, so that his flocks and herds are
spread throughout the land. But stretch out your hand and strike
everything he has, and he will surely curse you to your face." The LORD
said to Satan, "Very well, then, everything he has is in your hands,
but on the man himself do not lay a finger."

Humm!!
Even though Satan is free for now he is limited to the amount evil he
can do by God especially to those that worship God.

MATTHEW 8:16 When evening came, many who were demon-possessed were
brought to him, and he drove out the spirits with a word and healed
all the sick.

LUKE 8:30-31 Jesus asked him, "What is your name?" "Legion," he
replied, because many demons had gone into him. And they begged him
repeatedly not to order them to go into the Abyss.

Humm!!
Since all the evil angels(except Satan) that interfered with earthly
women have been locked up in hell then the demons can only be the
evil spirits left over from the union of the evil angels with women.
These spirits crave to possess a body once again and when they do they
can display superhuman strength e.g. snapping chains(Mark5:4).

MATTHEW 12:25-26 But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, Every
kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation, and every
city or house divided against itself will not subsist.And if Satan
casts out Satan, he is divided against himself; how then shall his
kingdom subsist?

Humm!!
Jesus was accused of being a part of the kingdom of Satan because of
his power to throw these evil spirits out of the people that were
possessed which was not the case, his power came from God.

LUKE 16:22-23 "The time came when the beggar died and the angels
carried him to Abraham's side. The rich man also died and was buried.
In hell, where he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far
away, with Lazarus by his side.

Humm!!
Before Jesus died for the sins of man , man's spirit was either
carried to Abraham's side or into torment in hell.

EPHESIANS 4:8-10 This is why it says:"When he ascended on high, he led
captives in his train and gave gifts to men." (What does "he
ascended" mean except that he also descended to the lower, earthly
regions? He who descended is the very one who ascended higher than
all the heavens, in order to fill the whole universe.)

1 PETER 3:18-2O For Christ died for sins once for all, the righteous
for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the
body but made alive by the Spirit, through whom also he went and
preached to the spirits in prison who disobeyed long ago when God
waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built.

REVELATION 1:17-18 When I saw him, I fell at his feet as though dead.
Then he placed his right hand on me and said: "Do not be afraid. I am
the First and the Last. I am the Living One; I was dead, and behold I
am alive for ever and ever! And I hold the keys of death and Hades.

Humm!!
When Jesus died for our sins his spirit went to Hades and took out
all the spirits that are a part of his body as the penalty for the sin
of man had been paid in full. Satan no longer could hold God's people
who make up the body of Jesus who were there at Abraham's side. When
Jesus rose from Hades with the spirits of God's people he held the
keys of death and Hades in other word he had the power over both the
physical body of man asleep in death and the spirit of man which is
immortal. Those spirits which are Jesus's are held by Jesus and those
that are not are left in Hades. Jesus's physical body was the first
to be reunited with his Spirit and at the resurrection everyone elses
will be also.

JOHN 15:9-10 "As the Father has loved me, so have I loved you. Now
remain in my love. If you obey my commands, you will remain in my
love , just as I have obeyed my Father's commands and remain in his
love.

ROMANS 2:13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous in
God's sight,but it is those who obey the law who will be declared
righteous.

Humm!!
Satan knows more about God then most but has no love for God. Give
God your best and follow his commands to the best of your ability.
Jesus died on the cross for your sins so love Jesus by following God's
commmandments that will bring out your best for God.

2 THESSALONIANS 2:9-10 The coming of the lawless one will be in
accordance with the work of Satan displayed in all kinds of
counterfeit miracles, signs and wonders, and in every sort of evil
that deceives those who are perishing. They perish because they
refused to love the truth and so be saved.

2 CORINTHIANS 4:4 The god of this age has blinded the minds of
unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel of the
glory of Christ, who is the image of God.

2 CORINTHIANS 11:14 And no wonder, for Satan himself masquerades as an
angel of light.

Humm!!
By rejecting Jesus and God's commandments then truth is destroyed and
becomes meaningless so evil can flourish and drag those that reject
the truth into Satan's kingdom. Those that play with the occult,
including all sorts of witchcraft, think that Satan will welcome them
with loving arms because of the fact that he humours them for now to
get them into his kingdom but when he does have their spirit after
death then the evil joke is over. He hates all mankind because we're
in the image of God, and he hates God. You'll be treated by a
hateful being till judgment day when hell and everything in it
will be thrown into the lake of fire which is your spiritual death from
God. As far as aliens go it's probably just Satan and the evil
spirits pulling your leg and playing the part so that you stop
believing in God and start listening to those that are truly alien to
God.

MATTHEW 25:41 "Then he will say to those on his left, 'Depart from
me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil
and his angels.

REVELATION 20:14-15 Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of
fire. The lake of fire is the second death. If anyone's name was not
found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of
fire.

Humm!!
Jesus and his body of believers will finally be clean when Satan and
his kingdom are destroyed by being thrown into the eternal fire
which tries to purify for eternity that which will not be purified and
wants to hold onto evil. Don't embrace evil by saying an evil thing is
good but shun it even if your struggling with it your whole lifetime.

God hates all evil eternally

=================================================================

From: Rowland Croucher <rowl...@mira.net>
Subject: Persecution's ten hot spots
Date: Monday, November 15, 1999 11:57 AM

PERSECUTION'S TEN HOT SPOTS

Special Report:
Ten of the World's Most Difficult Areas for Christians

Political ideology, religious extremism and social instability
continue to provide a breeding ground for severe Christian
persecution worldwide. With the approach of November 14 and the
International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church (IDOP), Compass
Direct wanted to highlight 10 of the worst persecution areas. Of
course, these 10 are not the only places where Christians suffer for
their faith, and the problem is often much more complex than can be
easily summarized. Yet for Western Christians just beginning to
understand the extent of attacks on the church, we hope this report
will form a basis for a growing knowledge and involvement.

THE CAUCASUS "Awash in Anarchy"

Infamous as one of the kidnapping capitals of the world, Chechnya has
martyred several of the Christians it held for ransom this past year.
Radical Muslims in the breakaway republic and neighboring Dagestan
can be expected to continue kidnapping any Christian believer left in
the region, especially local converts of ethnic Muslim heritage who
convert to Christianity. The Muslim extremists assume that all
Christians have well-heeled contacts in the West who could pay large
sums of money. Also, as trained Islamists under the strident
influence of Saudi Wahabbism they want to stop all Christian
missionary efforts among the nominally Muslim populace.

Increasingly cornered in a punishing resistance to the recent Russian
military offensive launched in August, local government leaders are
reiterating their commitment to establishing independent Muslim
states, built squarely on Islamic "sharia" law. However, they remain
unable to stop the rampant anarchy in the region, where various
warlords command their own large armed forces.

CENTRAL ASIA "Back to KGB Days"

At least three of the former Soviet republics of Central Asia
continue to backpedal from their initial pledges to establish
democratically guaranteed religious freedoms after they became
independent in the early 1990s.

This past year Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and more recently Azerbaijan
have taken more hard-line approaches through their government-
controlled Committees of Religious Affairs to squeeze out the small
Protestant Christian communities, many of which include ministries
among the ethnic Muslim majority population. By revising their laws
which require all religious groups to become officially registered,
all three states have in effect made it almost impossible for these
small groups to remain legal. However, the Muslim establishment and
the Russian Orthodox Church achieved prompt legal status as the
"accepted" religious communities in each nation.

Repeated police raids against Protestant churches during their
regular worship services continue to intimidate church members and
their pastors by interrogations, confiscating their Bibles and other
Christian materials, pressuring employers to dismiss anyone "caught"
in such a raid, and fining their leaders sizeable sums.

All three countries have concocted weak pretexts to imprison
Christian pastors, either temporarily or for long sentences. In the
face of an international outcry, Uzbekistan finally retracted stiff
prison terms imposed upon four pastors "convicted" this past year on
fabricated drug charges. In an apparent show of apology, officials
began to process these pastors' long-stalled church applications for
official registration. But having grown up under the old Soviet
system, local Christians are wary, knowing that in the coming months,
new roadblocks could still be created to prevent their churches from
becoming legal entities in their homeland.

CHINA "Tightening the Screws"

"If we (the Communist Party) give you prosperity in the economic
realm, you must give up freedom in the social/political realm."
Essentially this was the "bargain" the late Deng Xiaoping struck with
the Chinese people in the 1980s and is still the arrangement today.
Many western analysts believe it is a recipe for implosion.

It has always been a bad bargain for China's 60 million-plus
Christians -- the vast majority of whom remain outside the official
state-controlled Three Self church. Remaining outside means China's
Protestants are viewed as a "criminal cult" that if organized could
mount a political challenge to the Party's hegemony. In 1999, over 50
house church leaders were rounded up, mainly in the central revival
province of Henan. Even in the cities, surveillance has greatly
increased, especially before the October 1 celebrations of the 50th
anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

The paranoia of the Party is not likely to decrease as social
disorder increases. China's old men know only one tactic to keep
order -- tighten the totalitarian screws. China's house churches can
only expect more suffering under this scenario.

Even within the official church, a more wintry ideological wind is
blowing. Annoyed that within the Three Self over 70 percent of the
pastors are evangelicals, a conference recently decreed that all
pastors study the very liberal theology of Bishop K.H. Ding, long-
time leader of the Three Self. Failure to toe this line and think
like Ding is causing a purge at some of the seminaries.

For all the worsening climate however, the oppression is always
unevenly spaced. Implementation of central policy is always up to
local cadres, some of which are quite sympathetic to Christians, and
others quite hostile. Not for the first time, the world's longest
continuous civilization defies easy categorization.

COLOMBIA "Violence and Chaos"

A recent gathering near Bogota of the National Evangelical Commission
for Human Rights and Peace included a talk on why pastors are
frequent targets of rival armed factions. A flyer cited reasons why
they're singled out for threats or murder by the country's warring
groups. Here are some of those reasons:

* For suspected infiltration.
* For inflammatory language in their sermons.
* For working in human rights, for non-violence and the national peace
movement.
* For the economic prosperity of the church or pastor.
* For relations with "gringos" -- pastors perceived as US CIA agents.
* For disobeying orders from an armed group, such as to not visit
certain towns, to not hold services, or to not collaborate with the
group by providing it with financing or volunteers.
* For perceived indifference to taking part in community service.

Violence between leftist guerrillas, right-wing paramilitaries, narco-
traffickers, Colombian army special forces and even satanic cults has
pushed Colombia to the brink of anarchy. No group recognizes
neutrality as an option in this 35-year-old war that demands every
civilian to take sides. There's no hiding place within Colombia's
borders, so refugees flee to neighboring countries and the United
States.

In the hemisphere's most violent country, Colombia's Bellavista
National Jail was its most violent prison until two believers brought
the gospel to the prison in 1990 and stopped a riot. Hundreds of
inmates -- among them the nation's most notorious killers -- accepted
Christ, and the prison's murder rate plummeted from sometimes 60 in a
month to less than one a year.

Now a Bellavista Bible Institute thrives in the prison. Some
graduates who completed their sentences have become full-time
Christian workers in ministries such as halfway houses that enable
other released Christian prisoners to transition to life outside
Bellavista. Informal Bible studies abound in cellblocks once stained
in graffiti written in victims' blood. Even as Colombia continues its
downward spiral into violence and anarchy, Bellavista's revival
serves as a laboratory case-in-point that the gospel can rescue this
seemingly hopeless nation.

INDIA "Extremism Gaining Momentum"

The resounding defeat of the Congress Party in the September-October
elections allows the Hindu nationalist BJP a possible five-year term,
which could be disastrous for India's 23 million Christians. To back
this up, one need look no further than the 13-month reign of the BJP
that ended in April 1999, where a wave of over 140 acts of violence
(including murders and church burnings) took place against
Christians.

Though BJP leaders are careful to condemn anti-Christian violence,
they ensure that the momentum of justice moves so slowly that the
Hindu extremists responsible will never be brought to book, thus
effectively offering an amnesty to anyone who harasses a Christian in
the name of Hinduism.

Hindu nationalism is based on hatred of Muslims and Christians, the
two groups alleged to have no right to remain on the Gangetic plain.
This ideology of hatred has triumphed in a vacuum, as the secularist
position of Gandhi and Nehru has declined, and India's Christians
remain too small to exert influence on a population that passed the
one billion mark in August. The hate campaign against Christians will
surely continue, especially as Hindu extremists maintain that all the
"tribal" Christians were forcibly converted. Their attempts to coerce
Christians back to Hinduism will cause the greatest flashpoint in the
future.

INDONESIA "A Vulnerable Minority"

Indonesia still remains a society lurching from upheaval to upheaval,
and in the midst of this turbulence, the Christian community of some
20 million remains the most influential, yet most vulnerable,
religious minority.

Whenever there is economic instability, Christians are scapegoated
for it and attacked. It is the Chinese Christian community that bears
the brunt of this, often with horrifying consequences. Half of
Indonesia's 6 million Chinese are Christian, and they are very
wealthy, which makes them a target for the outraged poor.

Also, the violence on East Timor has caused Christians to be
stereotyped as separatists. A new, ugly nationalism is rearing its
head and maintaining that Christians want to separate from Indonesia
wherever they live -- a blatant lie given that most of the Christians
are thoroughly integrated throughout the Indonesian archipelago.

The island of Ambon in Maluku province was earmarked by extremist
Muslims as a key domino, which, if tipped, would trigger "jihad"
throughout the land. Since January, over 500 Christians have been
killed and large parts of the island reduced to rubble in the strife.

The good news is the domino has not toppled, and most of the 90
percent of Muslims in this country remain unattracted to extremist
ideas. But with Megawati and Habibie -- both revealing an alarming
amount of political ineptitude -- to contest the presidency at the
end of the year, more instability is inevitable.

NORTH KOREA "The Last Stalinist State"

No one knows how many Christians are left in the world's last
Stalinist state, but one thing is clear -- life cannot be tougher for
a church anywhere else in the world. Still in the grip of a severe
famine that has cost 2-3 million lives, and still stubbornly pursuing
outdated centralized policies, the prospect looks bleak for North
Korea.

Kim Jong Il is hardly in the position to reverse course, for to do so
would be to imply his father, Kim Il Sung, had been wrong. His regime
plays a dangerous game of international brinkmanship, of forcing aid
by threatening to make war on the South, making the Korean peninsula
the place most likely to experience a nuclear exchange.

Christians may number between 10,000 and 100,000 -- most of them deep
underground. They have no freedom to practice their faith in what is
still the world's most atheistic state. The only good report is that
the famine has made the border with China more porous, resulting in
more contact with Korean Christians in China. It is possible that the
Korean Christian Federation -- a fraudulent church for visiting
Westerners -- may be given an expanded role, in order to tempt more
Christian aid ministries into the country. But it is unlikely that
genuine Korean Christians will "surface."

PAKISTAN "Forgotten on Death Row"

Radical Muslim extremists in Pakistan continue to hold the nation's
Christian minority hostage with the dreaded power of a single word,
"blasphemy." Under the harsh statutes of the religious blasphemy
laws, the mere accusation of blasphemy against a member of a non-
Muslim minority subjects him to police arrest and jailing without
bail. Rarely does a magistrate review the allegations before the case
is filed. But if convicted, the sentence is mandatory execution.

In the volatile environment of extremist Islam, where unruly mobs can
be quickly whipped into a lynching mentality, such Christian
prisoners typically remain under arrest for years on end, allegedly
"for their own protection." Courts hearing their cases move
sluggishly, and then only in attempts to transfer the proceedings to
another court. With more than one lawyer and judge targeted by angry
assassins for defending or acquitting Christians accused of
blasphemy, the judiciary are understandably nervous.

One such Pakistani Christian jailed three years ago has been on death
row for the past year and a half, his appeal frozen by judges afraid
to touch the controversial case. Even if Ayub Masih is fully
acquitted, as evidence would seem to require, he will have to flee
the country to escape the fanatics who have vowed to kill him,
regardless of what the courts decide.

With the overwhelming majority of Pakistan's Christians at the bottom
of the social and economic scale, the average Christian faces the
daily fear that some day he could end up in Ayub Masih's shoes.

SAUDI ARABIA "The Heartland of Islam"

Despite bland assurances from the royal family to the contrary, Saudi
Arabia's notorious "muttawa" (Islamic police) continue their
obsession to harass, arrest, imprison and deport expatriate
Christians attempting to worship privately in the Kingdom. Government
officials have insisted since 1997 that any "excesses" committed by
these religious vigilantes against Christians contradict official
state policy, claiming that private worship by non-Muslims is
permitted.

But the evidence of recent months proves otherwise. In fact,
individual foreigners are being arrested and jailed for months over
alleged evidence that they participated in Christian worship. Raids
of Christian worship services have landed their leaders in jail and
led to eventual deportation, and congregational members have been
forced to sign a promise to never again attend "illegal" meetings.
Local authorities are expected to continue to justify such actions
under Saudi's strict morality laws, which forbid mixing of the sexes
in public gatherings.

Saudi authorities continue to try to quietly force employers to
dismiss and send back to their homelands any employees found to be
involved in Christian activities. Some are detained in the process,
and many denied the financial benefits' package guaranteed in their
job contracts. A few may be tried formally in Islamic courts, which
typically sentence religious offenders to painful lashes at the
conclusion of their jail confinement. On the whole, Filipino
Christians bear the brunt of these harsh measures, although the
chance arrest of citizens of the more powerful Western nations can
lead to exertion of greater diplomatic pressure on Saudi authorities.
Fortunately, news of such arrests now circles the globe in the matter
of a few hours, or at most, days, making it relatively impossible to
hush up such incidents.

SUDAN "Doing a Double-Talk Squeeze"

For years now, the National Islamic Front (NIF) regime in Sudan has
relentlessly pursued its quasi-legal efforts to confiscate a growing
number of long-established church properties in the capital of
Khartoum and its twin-city, Omdurman. In a succession of ploys
ranging from verbal and written threats to armed takeovers by militia
or police forces, the government tries to bully the Catholic,
Episcopal and Presbyterian churches out of lands, buildings and
churches held by legal deeds for decades. In addition, dozens of
small churches and church schools located in the massive shantytowns
surrounding the capital continue to be razed to the ground under the
pretext of city planning and zoning regulations.

Sudanese authorities still imprison and charge converts to
Christianity with apostasy, a capital offense under the laws of
Sudan. Although one such highly publicized prisoner was released by
the Justice Ministry after he suffered a stroke in prison this year,
another convert remains jailed, sentenced to four more years in
prison on contrived charges.

The government has still to find a face-saving solution to the long-
stalemated case concocted 15 months ago against two Catholic priests,
one of whom is the influential chancellor of the Khartoum diocese.
Although accused of masterminding a series of bombing explosions
against the government, the two are believed to be bearing the brunt
of Khartoum's displeasure over the Catholic Church's refusal to
support its so-called peace plan with rebels in South Sudan.

Dominated by Muslim Arabs from the North, the Khartoum regime refuses
to admit its complicity in the documented atrocities of genocide,
starvation, slavery and forced Islamization in its fight to gain
control over South Sudan, predominantly made up of Black Africans of
Christian and tribal religions.

COMPASS DIRECT

Global News from the Frontlines
Jeff Taylor, Managing Editor
Gail Wahlquist, Editorial Assistant
Suzi Quinones, Design
Bureau Chiefs: Barbara Baker, Middle East - Alex Buchan, Asia

For subscription information, contact:
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http://www.popin.org/6billion/toc.htm
-------------------------------------

Preface
United Nations Nations Unies
Population Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
The World at Six Billion

Preface

The Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social
Affairs at the United Nations Secretariat is responsible for providing
the international community with up-to-date and scientifically
objective information on population and development. The Population
Division provides guidance to the United Nations General Assembly,
Economic and Social Council and the Commission on Population and
Development on population and development issues and undertakes
regular studies on population levels and trends, population estimates
and projections, population policies and population and development
interrelationships.

In particular, the Population Division is concerned with the following
substantive areas: patterns of mortality, fertility and international
and internal migration, including levels and trends, their causes and
consequences, and socio-economic, geographic and gender differentials;
spatial distribution of population between urban and rural areas and
among cities; estimates and projections of population size, age and
sex structure, spatial distribution and demographic indicators for all
countries of the world; population and development policies at the
national and international levels; and the relationship between
socio-economic development and population change.

The work of the Population Division is published in a variety of
formats, including electronically, in order to meet the needs of
diverse audiences. These publications and materials used by
Governments, national and international organisations, research
institutions and individuals engaged in social and economic planning,
research and training, and by the general public.

According to United Nations estimates, world population reaches the
six billion mark on 12 October 1999. The World at Six Billion was
prepared in response to the widespread global attention to this
historic milestone. The World at Six Billion provides in tabular and
graphic form salient characteristics of past, current and future world
population growth. The publication is based largely on the
publications and databases of the Population Division, including the
official United Nations world population estimates and projections,
prepared and biennially updated by the Population Division for the
United Nations system.

These publications are greatly facilitated by the cooperation that the
Population Division receives from the regional commissions,
specialized agencies and other bodies within the United Nations
system. The Population Division is particularly grateful to the
Statistical Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
The set of references used when compiling this publication is given in
the Bibliography section at the end of the volume.

The World at Six Billion, as well as other population information, may
also be accessed on the Population Division POPIN World Wide Web site
at www.popin.org. To discuss this publication, or population issues in
general, please contact Mr. Joseph Chamie, Director, Population
Division, United Nations, New York 10017, USA, at telephone (212)
963-3179, fax (212) 963-2147, or e-mail to popul...@un.org.

Contents
Introduction
Explanatory notes

Boxes

1.The world at six billion: highlights
2.World population growth
3.World population milestones
4.An older world

Figures

1.Long-term world population growth, 1750-2050
2.World population growth rates: past estimates and medium-,
high-and low-fertility variants, 1950-2050
3.Population pyramids, 1999 and 2050
4.Percentage of world population under 15, aged 60 or older,
and aged 80 or older, 1970-2150

Tables

1.World population growth from year 0 to near stabilization
2.Population of the world and its major areas, 1750-2150
3.Population size and components of growth by major area,
1995-2000
4.Current levels of population growth, mortality, fertility and
contraceptive use, by major areas
5.Population of the countries of the world and their ranking by
size, 1999 and 2050
6.Countries with a population of 100 million or more 1950, 1999
and 2050
7.Countries or areas whose population is expected to at least
double between 1999 and 2050
8.Countries or areas whose population is expected to decline
between 1999 and 2050
9.Population density of countries of the world, 1999 and 2050
10.Median age and per cent aged 60 or older by major area, 1950,
1999 and 2050
11.Percentage of older persons who are women by major area, 1999
12.Percentage currently married among those aged 60 or older, by
major area, 1990s
13.Potential support ratio by major area, 1999 and 2050
14.Countries with highest level of HIV prevalence, 1997
15.Years of life expectancy lost due to AIDS, 1995-2000 and
2010-2015
16.Expected population loss due to AIDS, 2000 and 2015
17.Expected effect of the AIDS epidemic on population growth
rates, 2000-1025
18.Ten most populous countries, 1999 and 2050
19.Ten countries or areas with largest land area, 1999
20.Ten countries or areas with the highest and lowest population
density, 1999
21.Ten top contributors to world population growth, 1995-2000
22.Ten countries or areas with fastest and slowest rates of
natural increase, 1995-2000
23.Ten countries or areas with highest and lowest population
sex ratio, 1999
24.Ten oldest and ten youngest countries in the world, 1999
and 2050
25.Ten countries with highest and lowest potential support
ratio, 1999 and 2050
26.Ten countries or areas with highest and lowest population
fertility, 1995-2000
27.Ten countries or areas with highest and lowest life expectancy
at birth, 1995-2000
28.Ten countries or areas with highest and lowest infant
mortality, 1995-2000
29.Ten countries or areas with the greatest in-migration and
greatest out-migration 1970-1995
30.Ten most and least urbanized countries or areas in the world,
1999
31.Ten largest urban agglomerations in the world, 1999
32.Government policies on the rate of population growth by major
area, 1996
33.Government policies on the level of fertility by major area,
1996
34.Government policies on providing access to contraceptive
methods by major area, 1996
35.Government views on the acceptability of mortality level by
major area, 1996
36.Grounds on which abortion is permitted, by major area, 1999
37.Government policies on the level of immigration (permanent
settlement) by major area, 1996
38.Government policies on the level of immigration by major area,
1996
39.Government policies on internal migration, 1996

Bibliography

Download document in Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) format (569KB)
Download document in Microsoft Word 97 format (1.1MB)
Download Microsoft Word 97 document in zipped format (318KB)

Note: The designations employed and the presentation of the material
in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations
concerning the legal status of any country, city or area, or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or
boundaries.

The designations "developed" and "developing" countries and "more
developed" and "less developed" regions are intended for statistical
convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage
reached by a particular country or area in the development process.

The term "country" as used in the text of this publication also
refers, as appropriate to territories or areas.

Copyright © United Nations 1999
All rights reserved
Published in: Population Division of the Department of Economic and
Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat,
The World at Six Billion.
(ESA/P/WP.154), 12 October 1999.
(Return to POPIN Home Page)

==================================================================

http://www.popin.org/longrange/exesummary.htm
---------------------------------------------

United Nations Long-Range World Population Projections:
Based on the 1998 Revision

Population Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
Long-Range World Population Projections:
Based on the 1998 Revision
Executive Summary

The Population Division of the United Nations has prepared new
long-range projections for the world population and eight major
world areas for the period 1995-2150. These projections extend the
projection results published in World Population Prospects: The 1998
Revision, Volumes I and II (United Nations, 1999a and 1999b) which
cover the period 1995-2050. The long-range projections present
detailed results for the following major areas: Africa; Asia
excluding China and India; Europe; Latin America and the Caribbean;
Northern America; and Oceania; as well as for China and India as the
only countries considered separately.

The long-range projections include a number of scenarios of the
possible future growth of the world population. The three key
scenarios are: (a) the medium scenario which assumes that fertility
in all major areas will stabilize at replacement level (i.e. at
slightly over 2 children per woman) by 2050 or after; (b) the low
scenario which assumes that in all major areas fertility will be
lower than the fertility in the medium scenario by about half a
child; and (c) the high scenario which assumes that fertility will
be higher than in the medium scenario by about half a child. Also
considered for illustrative purposes are: (d) a constant scenario
where fertility is maintained constant over the period 1995-2150 at
the level it had in each major area as of 1990-1995, and (e) an
instant-replacement scenario in which fertility in each major area
is assumed to drop instantly to replacement level in 1995 and remain
at that level during 1995-2150. In all these scenarios mortality is
assumed to decline steadily during the projection period but, for
some scenarios, a variation that incorporates constant mortality
over the period 2050-2150 at the level attained in 2050 is also
considered for comparative purposes.

Normally, long-range projections are produced every five years.
However, the changes introduced in the 1998 Revision of World
Population Prospects (United Nations, 1999a and 1999b) have made
their early revision necessary. In recent years a major reassessment
of the prospects for fertility decline has taken place. In the
developing world, only 17 countries with less than 4 per cent of the
world population, had shown no signs of a fertility reduction by
1995 and in many of the countries where fertility reductions had
started, the decline had been rapid. Furthermore, in countries that
are already far advanced in the transition from high to low
fertility, fertility does not necessarily stabilize at replacement
level. Thus, the number of countries with below-replacement
fertility is large and increasing. By 1995, 44 per cent of the world
population lived in countries where fertility was at or below
replacement level (2.1 children per woman). Forty-nine countries,
including China, were in that group and many of those countries had
been experiencing below-replacement fertility for at least a decade
or two. In ten countries, fertility had reached levels below 1.5
children per woman and more recent data confirm that low fertility
persists. These developments justify the assumption that fertility
will remain below replacement level during most of the 1995-2050
period in countries with below-replacement fertility today. The 1998
Revision has incorporated such an assumption in the medium
projection, whereas the 1996 Revision assumed a return to
replacement-level fertility in all countries. Such differing
assumptions have important implications for the long-term future:
whereas the medium scenario of the preceding long-range projections,
consistent with the 1996 Revision, yielded a world population of
10.8 billion in 2150, the present ones, which are consistent with
the 1998 Revision, produce a population of 9.7 billion, 1.1 billion
lower.

The Effect of Fertility on Population Size and Growth

The present set of long-range projections permits an assessment of
the long-term impact of different fertility trends. The medium
scenario, with a fertility that eventually stabilizes at replacement
level (2.05-2.09 children per women), leads to zero population
growth in the long run. In contrast, the high scenario produces an
ever increasing population because its fertility stabilizes at
2.5-2.6 children per woman, and the low scenario leads to a
decreasing population since its fertility stabilizes at 1.5-1.6
children per women, about half a child below replacement level.

The three scenarios result therefore in very different sizes for the
world population. By 2150, the population of the world is 24.8
billion according to the high scenario, 9.7 billion according to the
medium scenario and 3.2 billion according to the low scenario. The
low and high scenarios illustrate how deviations of about half a
child from replacement level, if sustained over the long run, can
produce large deviations from the path leading to an unchanging
population size, as embodied by the medium scenario. Because of the
nature of exponential growth, the deviations expand over time (see
table 1 and figure 1). Thus, whereas the differences of the high and
low scenarios with respect to the medium scenario are moderate in
2050 (at less than 2 billion each), they amount to 15 billion and 6
billion respectively in 2150. Aside from reflecting the uncertainty
surrounding the projection of population size into the long-term
future, these deviations underscore the importance of attaining
replacement-level fertility as soon as possible and sustaining
levels very close to it over long periods. Even a deviation of about
0.2-0.3 children per women above the fertility of the medium
scenario, if sustained until 2150, would result in a population of
16.2 billion persons instead of the 9.7 that the medium scenario
yields.

Future fertility trends also affect the rate at which population
grows. Fertility has both a direct effect on population growth, by
determining the number of births women have, and an indirect one, by
determining the size of the different generations. In a population
with fertility above replacement level, offspring outnumber their
parents, sometimes by substantial amounts, and those offspring may
in turn have more children than needed to replace the generations of
their own parents even when fertility levels are falling. That is,
as fertility falls, the number of births to the relatively large
generations of parents is higher for a time than the number of
deaths in the population, which are mostly those of the grandparents
and great-grandparents of the children in the population, even
though fertility may have already reached replacement level. This
effect is responsible for producing positive population growth even
long after fertility reaches and remains at replacement level.
Partly because of this process, the illustrative instant-replacement
scenario produces positive growth rates during the whole 1995-2150
period (see table 1). However, after 2070, the rate of population
growth in that scenario is very low (below 0.15 per cent per year).
Interestingly, the medium scenario produces even lower growth rates
after 2070 (see table 1). The fact that fertility in the medium
scenario remains below replacement level for the populations of
China, Europe and Northern America at least until 2050 and then
rises slowly to replacement level is responsible for such difference
and contributes to produce a world population in 2150 for the medium
scenario that is fairly close to that produced by the
instant-replacement scenario (9.7 billion vs. 9.3 billion).

In comparison to the medium scenario, where in 2150 the population
has a growth rate nearing zero, that of the low scenario will be
declining at about 0.9 per cent per year and that of the high
scenario will be growing at about the same rate (see table 1). Were
those rates of decline and increase to be sustained after 2150, the
population of the low scenario would be cut in half every 77 years
and that of the high scenario would double every 77 years. This
observation suggests that both the low and the high scenarios embody
patterns of decline and growth that are unsustainable over the very
long run. For that reason, scenarios based on smaller fertility
deviations from replacement level have also been prepared. In the
low-medium and high-medium scenarios fertility remains within a band
of 0.2-0.3 children below or above, respectively, of the level in
the medium scenario. These intermediate scenarios result in more
moderate rates of decline or growth in the long-run and in lower
reductions or increases of the world population (see table 1 and
figure 1). The path that fertility will actually follow in the
future will very likely be bound by these scenarios if
sustainability is to be maintained.

The Effect of Mortality on Population Size and Growth

Population growth is also affected by changes in mortality. Under
constant fertility conditions, reductions in the risks of dying
contribute to increase population growth. When fertility is falling,
the effects of declining mortality counterbalance those of declining
fertility on population growth. The main long-range projection
scenarios prepared by the Population Division assume that mortality
declines steadily after 2050, albeit at a slow pace. Thus, the
expectation of life at birth for women increases from 79 years in
2050 to 88 years in 2150. For men the increase is from 74 years to
83 years over the same period.

To explore the impact that the assumed changes in mortality have on
population growth, scenarios incorporating constant mortality risks
as of 2050 were prepared. As expected, constant mortality reduces
population growth in all scenarios and results in smaller
populations in 2150. The largest impact in relative terms is on the
declining population of the low-scenario where constant mortality
would cut population size in 2150 by 15 per cent, resulting in a
population of 2.8 billion instead of the 3.2 billion that the
low-scenario yields. For the medium and high scenarios the
reductions are of the order of 10 to 11 per cent. Constant mortality
would produce 2150 populations of 8.6 billion and 22.4 billion
instead of the medium and high scenario populations of 9.7 billion
and 24.8 billion.

The Changing Geographical Distribution of the Population

Because the different major areas find themselves today at different
stages of the transition from high to low mortality and fertility,
their growth paths differ considerably over the projection period.
According to all scenarios, Africa experiences the highest rates of
population growth and Europe experiences the lowest, followed by
China and Northern America in increasing order. Different rates of
growth result in a redistribution of the population by major area.
In all projection scenarios the fastest growing area, Africa,
increases its share of the world population, whereas Europe and
China, which experience the lowest growth, see their shares reduced
(see table 2).

According to the medium scenario, the number of Africa’s inhabitants
increases from 697 million in 1995 to 2.3 billion in 2150, and their
share of the world population doubles, passing from 12 per cent to
24 per cent. For Europe, the population declines from 728 million in
1995 to 517 million in 2150 and the share of the world population
falls from 13 per cent to 5 per cent. In the case of China, although
the population increases from 1.2 billion to nearly 1.4 billion
between 1995 and 2150, its share of the world population declines
from 22 per cent to 14 per cent. The shares of other areas
experience less marked changes over the projection period.

As a result of these trends, the world of 2150 is likely to be one
in which China and India together will account for about a third of
the world population, the rest of Asia and Africa each will account
for nearly a quarter of the world population, Latin America and the
Caribbean will comprise nearly a tenth, and so will Europe and
Northern America taken together. In terms of population size, the
most populous major area will continue to be Asia (even excluding
China and India), but by 2150 Africa will be the second most
populous area, followed by India, China, and Latin America and the
Caribbean (see figure 2).

The Unavoidable Greying of the Population

In a growing population, children outnumber their parents and
younger age groups comprise rising proportions of the population.
When fertility declines, the number of children starts to fall and,
if fertility reductions are sustained, younger age groups account
for a decreasing proportion of population over time. The declining
proportion of children is counterbalanced by a rising proportion of
adults, at first concentrated largely in the middle age range and
later impacting mostly the upper age range (see figure 3).
Consequently, reductions in fertility result in population ageing, a
process whereby the proportions of children and younger persons
decline and those of middle-aged and older adults rise. Given that,
with the exception of the constant scenario, all other scenarios
assume a decline of fertility for most areas during the 1995-2050
period, they all result in a considerable ageing of the population.

To gauge the extent of population ageing over the projection period
note that, according to the medium scenario, world population
increases by 4 billion persons between 1995 and 2150, yet the number
of children (0 to 14 years of age) declines slightly (from 1.8
billion in 1995 to 1.7 billion in 2150), whereas that of persons
aged 15 to 59 years rises by 1.7 billion and that of persons aged 60
years or more increases by 2.4 billion. In terms of the distribution
by age, these changes imply that the proportion of children declines
from 31 per cent in 1995 to 18 per cent in 2150, whereas the
proportion of persons aged 60 or over triples, passing from 10 per
cent in 1995 to 30 per cent in 2150 (see table 3). The proportion of
the population aged 15 to 59 changes moderately, passing from 59 per
cent in 1995 to 52 per cent in 2150, but the nature of the
economically dependent population changes drastically: by 2150,
instead of involving mostly children who depend on their support on
parents, it will involve mostly elderly persons whose support may
have to depend either directly or indirectly on younger generations
unless the period of economically productive life is effectively
extended and provisions are taken to ensure that sound mechanisms
for the funding of old-age pensions are in place.

Lastly, another major change brought about by the long-term ageing
of the population is a very marked increase in the number and
proportion of the population of the very old (those aged 80 years or
over). According to the medium scenario, by 2150 there will be
nearly one billion persons in that age group, fifteen times the
number in 1995. As a proportion of the population, those aged 80 or
over will also become prominent, comprising 10 per cent of the
population in 2150 instead of one per cent as they do today. These
changes suggest that the society of the future will have to value
more the contributions of its older members so as to ensure that
they remain active and engaged for most of their lengthy life spans.
If the world population evolves as projected in the medium scenario,
society has some time to adapt to the expected changes, especially
as savings can be accrued because of the slow growth and eventual
reduction of the number of children. However, in historical terms,
the time available is short and successful adaptation requires that
we embark early in the path of societal change.

References

Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social
Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (1999). Long-range World
Population Projections: Based on the 1998 Revision (ESA/P/WP.153).

United Nations (1999a). World Population Prospects: The 1998
Revision, Vol. I: Comprehensive Tables. (United Nations
publication, Sales No. E/99.XIII.9).

United Nations (1999b). World Population Prospects: The 1998
Revision, Vol. II: Sex and Age Distribution of the World
Population. (United Nations publication, Sales No. E/99.XIII.8).

United Nations (forthcoming). World Population Prospects: The 1998
Revision, Vol. III: Detailed Analysis.

(Return to POPIN Home Page)
Copyright © 1999 United Nations

===============================================================

http://www.popin.org/longrange/keyfindings.htm
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United Nations Long-Range World Population Projections:
Based on the 1998 Revision

Population Division
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
United Nations
Long-Range World Population Projections:
Based on the 1998 Revision

Key Findings

The long-range projections prepared by the United Nations Population
Division include several scenarios of population growth for the
world and its major areas over the period 1995-2150. The medium
scenario assumes that fertility in all major areas stabilizes at
replacement level around 2050; the low scenario assumes that
fertility is half a child lower than in the medium scenario; and the
high scenario assumes that fertility is half a child higher than in
the medium scenario. The constant scenario maintains fertility
constant during 1995-2150 at the level estimated for 1990-1995, and
the instant-replacement scenario makes fertility drop instantly to
replacement level in 1995 and remain at that level thereafter. The
key findings yielded by these projection scenarios are the
following:

World population rises from 5.7 billion persons in 1995 to 9.7
billion persons in 2150 according to the medium scenario and,
assuming that fertility remains at replacement level thereafter,
world population nearly stabilizes at a level just above 10
billion after 2200.

Future population size is sensitive to small but sustained
deviations of fertility from replacement level. Thus, the low
scenario results in a declining population that reaches 3.2
billion in 2150 and the high scenario leads to a growing
population that rises to 24.8 billion by 2150.

If the fertility of major areas is kept constant at 1995 levels,
the world population soars to 256 billion by 2150, 169 billion of
whom live in Africa. If fertility remains at replacement level
starting in 1995, the world population rises from 5.7 billion
persons in 1995 to 9.3 billion persons in 2150, 400 million less
than according to the medium scenario.

All scenarios result in significant shifts in the geographical
distribution of the world population. According to the medium
scenario, the share of Africa doubles (passing from 12 per cent of
the world population in 1995 to 24 per cent in 2150), whereas that
of China is reduced by a third (from 22 per cent in 1995 to 14 per
cent in 2150) and that of Europe by more than half (from 13 per
cent to 5 per cent).

By 2150 in the medium scenario about a third of the world
population lives in China and India; about a quarter in the rest
of Asia; another quarter in Africa; less than one in ten persons
live in Europe and Northern America; and about the same proportion
live in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The low, medium and high scenarios all result in significant
shifts of the age distribution toward older ages. According to the
medium scenario, the share of persons aged 0-14 declines from 30
per cent in 1995 to 18 per cent in 2150, whereas the share of
persons aged 60 or over rises from 10 per cent to 30 per cent over
the same period.

Increasing longevity is expected to have a moderate impact on
population increase over the long-term. If longevity does not
increase after 2050, the world population reaches 8.6 billion by
2150 instead of the 9.7 billion reached under the assumption of
declining mortality in the medium scenario.

Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social
Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, Long Range World
Population: Based on the 1998 Revision (ESA/P/WP.153),1999.

(Return to POPIN Home Page)
Copyright © 1999 United Nations

===============================================================

*** Web site shows where buck stops

PITTSBURGH (AP) - If you find yourself wondering where the heck your
money went, now there's a way to find out. An Internet site called
"www.wheresgeorge.com" - in honor of the president whose likeness
graces the $1 bill - tracks U.S. currency as it changes hands from
city to city. Bills marked with "www.wheresgeorge.com" have been
through Ryan's Produce in Albany, N.Y., and the tax collector's
office in Coffey County, Kan. A marked $100 bill bought a nail gun in
Lorton, Va., and at last report was 20 miles away in Sterling, Va. "I
didn't think it would be as addicting as some people are finding it,"
site creator Hank Eskin said Friday. "It's something out there on the
Internet that's not porn, and it's not selling anything. It's pure
fun. I think people appreciate that." See

http://www.infobeat.com/stories/cgi/story.cgi?id=2562063159-84d
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================================================================

http://www.oed.com/readers/index.htm
------------------------------------

Submit Material for the Oxford English Dictionary

1999 Appeal
Online edition
Newsletters online

1999 Appeal
Your Language Needs You!
John Simpson, Chief Editor of the Oxford English Dictionary:

"I would like to invite readers to contribute to the development of
the Dictionary by adding to our record of English throughout the
world. Everyone can play a part in recording the history of the
language and helping to enhance the Oxford English Dictionary."

One hundred and twenty years ago, James Murray, original editor of the
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From Minnesota to Melbourne, scholars and readers came to Murray's
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superintendent, a Nobel laureate, a retired businessman, a
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one of the most important events of the start of the new millennium -
the creation of a record of the English language unlike any other.

Lexicographers at Oxford University Press are now engaged upon the
huge task of completely revising the OED by 2010. The first complete
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2000, Oxford will take a big step towards that goal by publishing the
OED online, which will incorporate at least 1,000 new and revised
entries every quarter. John Simpson: "There is no longer one English -
there are many Englishes. Words are flooding into the language from
all corners of the world. Only a dictionary the size of the OED can
adequately capture the true richness of the English language
throughout its history, and the developments in world English. When
the online edition is launched, I would be delighted to have a host of
new readers helping us to map the past, the present, and the future of
English."

Information on how to contribute and a submission form may be found
here.

Copyright © Oxford University Press 1999

[woodyw...@my-deja.com]

Thx Susan, I like that and had never seen it.
Where I live, the 'less sense' and 'less judgement' parts are
overwhelmingly obvious. Especially with regard to driving habits,
attitudes, and behaviors.

[RenoDeCaro]

: susan...@aol.com (SusanJ1111) wrote:

Btw, I have a suggestion for those who occassionally peek
in on the group and are disgusted at its state - killfiles work very well...

Valen...@pcisys.net (Old Bogus) wrote:

By having repeatedly had to create filters, I have been getting a lot
of practice! What a bunch of long-winded, narrow minds!

Max wrote:

We are truly living in a great time and place. In Europe it was necessary for
governments to censor what citizens were allowed to read while the fools in the
US are censoring themselves. Political and historical opinions not approved by
the government or fashionable by their peers have become so distasteful for
some of the brainwashed fools that they will use any means to shelter
themselves from such blasphemies. Prior to the Internet this was not a problem
since the free media we enjoy ensured that no truly politically incorrect
thought escaped into the mainstream. When the media-educated PC crowd was
forced for the first time to look at a reality that did not exist for them
before the Internet, the experience proved so painful that they employ any
means not to relive it.

Of course, it is usually easier to simply refuse to look at troublesome facts
or arguments than to refute them. The holocaust lobby conveniently labels this
"not dignifying" the deniers with a response and recommends voluntary filters
for revisionist Web sites to shelter those who could not be protected by
government laws that would have violated the first amendment. FBI Susie and
Valentine just took this to the next step by individually filtering those who
voiced opinions not in line with their PC thinking.

What fools like SusanJ1111 and ValentineR are effectively saying is, "Hey, look
at me and how clever I am; I found a way to avoid having to look at
perspectives I don’t agree with! And here is how you too can censor yourself!"
The media barons and government censors are laughing up their sleeves; their
success is something Goebbels could only have dreamed of.

[jum...@my-deja.com]

>>: susan...@aol.com (SusanJ1111) wrote:
>>> Btw, I have a suggestion for those who occassionally peek in on the
>>> group and are disgusted at its state - killfiles work very well...

> Valen...@pcisys.net (Old Bogus) wrote:
>> By having repeatedly had to create filters, I have been getting a
>> lot of practice! What a bunch of long-winded, narrow minds!

From: RenoDeCaro <renod...@aol.com> -- Max wrote:
> What fools like SusanJ1111 and ValentineR are effectively saying
> is, "Hey, look at me and how clever I am; I found a way to avoid
> having to look at perspectives I don’t agree with! And here is how
> you too can censor yourself!" The media barons and government
> censors are laughing up their sleeves; their success is something
> Goebbels could only have dreamed of.

I'm inclined to agree that "killfiles" are deleterious to the
vitality of a newsgroup, though as with disagreeably free speech
I will defend their right to exercise those options. They hadn't
mentioned WHO was on their "killfile" list, so what was the nature
of your inferential thinking that the anti-semites were on the
"killfile" list? A defense of disagreeably free speech is not
premised upon the observation that the speech originator holds to
the proposition that his own speech is disagreeble but that the
others who might find it disagreeable are limited in their action
to repress rigorous discourse. A speech originator who ADMITS to
promulgation of disagreeable speech also ADMITS to abusive conduct
for which there is little or nothing to offer by way of defense.
My defense of disagreeably free spech stops at that point where
the promulgator engages in abusive conduct through ADMISSION that
his own speech is disagreeable, for which I can find no redeeming
value. To admit one's own speech is disagreeable is, to my mind,
an admission of GUILT at -unnecessarily- violating sensibilities.

The posting of "disagreeable speech" (as OTHERS might call it)
is the protected component of the free speech defense. However,
in the various exchanges of discourse occuring here, there have
been numerous violations of "groundrules" which may be said to
be stemming from Aristotle's rules of argumentation, which call
into question the sincerity of those who have offered disagreeable
and controversial perspectives. It is not unreasonable to expect
in scholarly academic inquiry, such as on a forum filtered by the
fact that some computer literacy is a prerequisite, that it should
be possible to obtain discussion concerning various METHODS applied
in the course of inquiries so as to determine whether information
which arrives here is simply rumor-mongering or has the credibility
it might deserve to indicate further study. In response to my
queries to the anti-semites, however, I have obtained little or no
consonance on such issues as "avoidance of logical fallacy," nor much
by way of answers to numerous questions posed but left dangling by
those to whom they were posed. Thereby _dialectical_ process has
not served very well, though _dialectics_ is recognized as a method
superior to that of _rhetoric_ in the course of truth discovery.
More than the "disagreeable speech" itself, I think most will agree
with me when I state that the ABSENCE OF VALID METHODS OF INQUIRY
is itself the more "disagreeable" characteristic, all that much
more ironic in light of the fact that when METHODS OF INQUIRY are
shown defective then their original statements consisting of that
protected "disagreeable speech" become DISCREDITED.

There is quite possibly a case to present, if some on this list
are desirous of presenting and arbitrating a "culture war," yet the
case is not going to be effective unless common-ground METHODS OF
INQUIRY are in place (such as with the courtroom) which allow the
desired presentation to go forward with the attention its presenters
wish alloted. First they'll need to define the phrase "culture war"
as from its basic components, "culture" and "war." Second, they'll
need to make a showing that it deserves expression on this newsgroup
since TK was -NOT- "all over the map" with a "culture war" but had
focused specifically on alleged harms induced by the "industrial
revolution" and its "anti-environmentalist" effects. We'll also
require a definition of the "environment" since it -includes- ALL
of the life forms presently inhabiting this planet, such as human
beings of all types. Racial conflict has nothing to do with the
fact of being in an "environment" since the "environment" already
consists of all minorities as well as majorities. War is thereby
"anti-environmental" due to destruction of human life already here
and perhaps is responsible for impeding the development of civil
society and civilization more than any other single factor. So,
a "groundrule" for discussing various "cultural" offerings needs
to begin from the premise that -warfare- is NOT one of the options
available to us toward continuing the ongoing development of high
civilization and cultural nobility. I'm not convinced that this
point of fact -- that war sets the cultural clock BACKWARDS -- is
fully appreciated by a number of contributors to this newsgroup.

Those who mobilize for war in the form of "culture war" are
going to meet the anti-war opposition from representatives of the
"culture anti-war" and eventually will lose to the anti-war folks
becuase "anti-war" carries with it the weight of judicial favor and
of rightful defense. One wonders if "culture war" is an oxymoron
since those who make war have little or nothing to offer culture.
While soldiers are engaged in the process of making war they are
not attending the university, nor are contributing to the civilian
cultural arts, since their creative energies have been so diverted.
Significant attention to this aspect is required by those who would
propose a "culture war." TK was not speaking of fighting a "culture
war" but was proposing an alternative lifestyle and culture, in the
spirit of Thoreau, as individual civil disobedience.

- regards
- jb
.

[SusanJ1111]

Osck wrote:

Hi Osck -- what brought you to this group? I admit that the first part is not
optimistic at all, but the second part was. Thanks for your thoughts.

-Susan

[SusanJ1111]

Scott wrote:

> I have to like your post. I suspect we don't have so much more
>knowledge as we think, though. What we have a lot of is information,

>and what we lack is the any understanding that information is not the
>same as knowledge.

I agree with this thought of yours. I find that the information superhighway
has lots of potholes, and it disturbs me that schools seem to think that it's
important to have TV's and internet access. I found refreshing something I
heard about a while back - something on NPR about some schools teaching kids
logic at an early age. Not information, but how to process and handle it by
using the rules of logic.Sadly this was some special program, but at least it's
a start.

-Susan

[SusanJ1111]

>Thx Susan, I like that and had never seen it.
>Where I live, the 'less sense' and 'less judgement' parts are
>overwhelmingly obvious. Especially with regard to driving habits,
>attitudes, and behaviors.

Hi Woody,

Having gone up and down I-95 this weekend, I can attest to the driving habits
part. I'm happy to be alive, I must say. I know that Max is going to get on my
"FBI Susie" case for this (hehehehe - he's in my killfile), but since some
drivers don't seem to be able to be safe and courteous to others, and
especially to pedestrians, I am glad that more states are looking at road-rage
laws, including tailgating and red light cameras. I know some people from the
Institute for Highway Safety (the crash test dummy guys), they're fun people
(not the dummies) and they can tell you, as pedestrians, that there are some
freaky drivers out there. Well, if you own a killing machine, it's no longer a
matter of just your own freedom -- it's the freedom of the people you might
kill and who want to stay alive that needs to be considered as well.

-Susan