Probing the Lines of Contact and Conflict with our Contemporary Culture
Mark T
Probing the Lines of Contact and Conflict with our Contemporary Culture
An Adult class taught by Asst Pastor Barry McWilliams in the Spring of 1998
at Chapel Hill Presbyterian Church, Lake Stevens, Wa.
A survey of the adult class at Chapel Hill Presbyterian Church indicated a
strong interest in a course relating to contemporary issues and sharing our
faith. Starting from there, and my college/ seminary education of twenty
years past, I scratched out an outline of topics put them into a semblance
of order, and started prowling for resource materials. I conceived the
entire course as:
ENCOUNTERS - PROBING FOR THE 'LINES' (i.e. an exploration of the 'points'
where we come into contact and conflict with the our contemporary world and
at which we can reach out to non-believers with the Gospel.)
When I began this class, I had little idea what I was getting into, or how
much work would go into it. Nor did I realize how much my eyes and the eyes
of my class would be opened regarding our contemporary situation. Below is
an account of my research, class preparation and presentations - and an
indication of the seriousness and depth of study that can go into preparing
and teaching a class from scratch; as well as the excitement and new
insights and vision that can result from it.
a.. March 15th Topic Introduction - "Buzz sessions" on "the Rebels" i.e.
fallen man, the "world".
Who are they? Where Do we come into contact with them? Where Do we Come
into conflict with them? What have they DONE with the truth? How Do we
answer them? How Do we Reach them with the Gospel?
The questions were accompanied with Scripture References which the various
groups handled in different ways: Rom 1:18-25, 26-32; Rom 2:1-16; Eph
2:1-10; Ephesians 6:10-13; 1 Cor 1:18-31; 2:1-16; 1 John 2:15-17; John
2:1-6; and Acts 17:16-34.
For my reading I began with Abraham Kuyper's Lectures on Calvinism - a
series of lectures he gave at Princeton Seminary in 1898 - yet surprizingly
still relevant to our contemporary world of ideas. And even more suprisingly
still in Print on its hundred year anniversary.
b.. March 22nd The Reformed World - Life View (The Infinite- Personal God,
Man a creature in His Image, Creation, Fall and Redemption) and a world full
of "...isms"
- Class buzz group generated "ism lists" made the class aware of the many
ideas that mankind has conceived.
Further efforts at categorizing them resulted in a handout.Also an article
by J.I. Packer: "What do you mean when you say God?" from CT 9/19/86.The key
concepts of the Reformed world life view are: God; Man; and the biblical
teaching on creation, fall and redemption.
My college studies included courses in missions under Dr. John M. L.
Young. I turned next to those notes and some booklets he wrote, and two
books: An Introduction to the Science of Missions and The Church between
Temple and Mosque by J. H. Bavinck, a Dutch missiologist, reviewing in
particular his material on Elenctics. It is from them that I got the two
basic questions Christians should ask of other religions: What have you done
with God? and What has happened to man?. The class topics were leading us to
consider first the ways "God" was understood by them and then how do we as
Christians explain and respond to those views. Further reading included
browsing a couple of books on world religions from the Public Library, and
Hustin Smith's The Religions of Man from my own .
c.. March 29th "What have you done with God?" - a key question!
Four tendencies of world religions: Shrink god down to a managable size,
Emphasize His highness, but have Him fade away, Replace him with a Norm - a
moral world order, Turn Him into an "unknowable IT".
[Elenctics from J. H. Bavinck, An Introduction to the Science of Missions]
Romans One of course asks the question and gives its explanation: Mankind
surpresses the truth! Continuing in my reading of J. H. Bavinck - The Church
between Temple and Mosque...... now looking into
d.. April 5th "What has happened to mankind?" - Are there points of
contact with a fallen humanity?
The five questions all mankind addresses: (from BavinckThe Church between
Temple and Mosque): I and the Cosmos? (Am I just a creature or something
more?) I and the Norm? (My sense of "ought" vs my own desires) I and the
riddle of my existence? (Is it just fate or are my actions significant) I
and salvation? (Things are not what I sense they should be) I and the
Supreme Being? (Is there an invisible reality behind what I see). This class
would deal with man created in God's image, and the implications of this
even after the fall. The issue of the point of contact with unbelievers.
[In discussion after class, I "visualized" these as a circle of 10 nails,
with rubberbands crossing holding pairs of nails in "tension". As Christians
we often live with the paradoxes - such as God's Sovereignty and man's
responsibility, faith vs sight, physical vs spiritual, etc; only God
understands how they fit together. Other religions and world views tend to
"pull out nails here and there". . . . And what makes a good dramatic movie
theme? Tension. So which rubber band's tension does a movie or song "pluck"?
An interesting tool for conversations leading to witness perhaps!] Questions
Skeptics Pose from Ravi Zecharias Leadership, Spring 1995.)
April 12th was Easter
and there was no class - the extra week gave me much needed study time.
e.. April 19th But everyone is wearing "colored" glasses! - the problem of
presupposititions and our need for Scripture.
Man's flaw - sin has infected his mind, desires and purposes - i.e.
knowledge, morals, dominion. The class presentation focused on the effects
of sin on fallen man. The Presuppositions of Missions. M&A ptI:2;
Communication and Missions, Pt2:4 JML Young. Chart(s)a: Effects of fall on
mankind
As I began the class, I was aware that Modern thinking would be one of my
topics. And by now, I had stumbled across Postmodernism - first in a couple
of articles published by Covenant Seminary by Jerram Barrs on Postmodernity:
Understanding Our Generation's Thought Life (In Covenant Oct/Nov 1997 and
Dec/ Jan 1998). I didn't realize at first that this was the tip of a very
big and treacherous "iceburg". I found an article in Leadership Winter 1997
The Riddle of our Postmodern Culture by David Goetz; then another on The
Gospel for Gen X by Dieter Zander ( Leadership, Spring 1995). Prowling
Amazon.com for one title A Primer on Postmodernism by Stanley J Grentz,
resulted in a bibliography and the purchase of two additional books:
Generating Hope: A Strategy for reaching the Postmodern Generation by Jimmy
Long and; The Gospel in a Pluralist Society By Leslie Newbigin (which gives
a missionary perspective upon coming back to a postmodern England, and which
I read estensively for "Multiculturalism"). From the non-Christian side I
found Hustin Smith's Beyond the Post Modern Mind at the Public Library. His
chapter on "The Revolution in Western Thought" was especially helpful - and
the rest of the book gives quite a few insights into postmodern theology and
New Age mysticism. Hustin Smith and David Griffin, Primordial Religion and
Process Theology was also browsed.
f.. April 26th Living without real answers : Modernism and the Post-Modern
generation.
The Class was presented "David Letterman style" as "'Sophically
Incorrect", complete with a rock band (a teen group) for commercial breaks
and somewhat flippant interviews with visiting "philosophers" (four class
members representing Greek, Medieval, Modern and Postmodern thinking)
interspursed with monologues on "How do you know a Frog is cooked?", "July
16th, 1972 the day the world changed" (The demolition of Pruitt Igo in St.
Louis in 1972), "Star Trek, the two generations - two kinds of thinking";
and a table full of objects for the philosophers to argue about -
highlighting their differences in thinking; closing with a metaphorical
Christian interpretation of them: "They belong to me, are special to me; I
know their past and have given them meaning; and now you know that because I
have revealed it to you. Just as God reveals to us the meaning of His
creation through His Word." Fun! Creative! Made all my points, and done
right on time!"
g.. May 3rd Multi-Culturalism - Can everyone be right? - life in a
"cosmopolitan" city
- The Gospel is transcultural and cross-cultural. The principles of
contextualization, accomodation and identification. Three views on
Pluralism. The place of Toleration in modern thinking. The world is coming
to us: Two examples of multicultural ministry quite close to us.
Knowing we live in cities with a cosmopolitan mix of cultures; and we work
and our children attend schools with similar cultural mixes, I thought it
important that we explore this topic. (The public school district in my town
has over 40 languages represented among its students.) Library explorations
lead me to John Hick's Auburn Lectures: A Rainbow of Faiths: A Christian
Theology of Religion and the discovery that Modernists and Postmodernists
differ sharply in regard to "pluralism" and along with it Wrestling with the
Ox - another book on Postmodern theology by a history of religions professor
at Pacific Lutheran University in nearby Tacoma - helpful in understanding
Postmodern theological trends. Researching online on Bishop Leslie
Newbigin - I was reading with fascination his work: The Gospel in a
Pluralist Society - then lead me to a number of profitable links - including
the Gospel and Cultures movement. I later found an excellent article in CT
1/12/98 The Only Way, which echoed my points.
h.. May 10th Values, and the lack thereof - life in an age of ambiguities
. Ethics was going to be a challenge. I began with Frances Schaeffer,
Whatever happened to the Human Race Chapter 4 "The basis for Human Dignity",
and class notes from my course at Covenant College in Christian Ethics under
Professor Chuck Anderson in 1971. That took me to Carl Henry's Christian
Personal Ethics. The class became two classes - one a survey of the world's
attempts at "speculative ethics": Naturalism, Idealism and Existentialism;
and then one on "revealed ethics" exploring the issues that face
Christianity today -- Along with these I also read material in Theonomy in
Christian Ethics by Greg Bahnmen and used material from the Crossroads
Website and the various charts and materials David McCallum has made
available there relating to our postmodern world through an article given to
me by a fellow pastor. I got hold of David McCallum's, The Death of Truth,
it reveals more aspects of postmodernism and its impact on our culture and
institutions, as well as some good practical suggestions for dealing with
them. A lot of the charts in the book are on the website as well as some
helpful material on ethics.
In class, after a brief survey of some "heroes" of past cultures - Greek,
Hercules - Rome; Arthur, Lancelot and Guinevere in Medieval England and
their virtues, I set the buzz groups working on finding "heroes" in our
contemporary culture and what virtues they exemplify. Then we considered the
basic questions of Ethics - and the three main lines of secular ethical
thought.
i.. May 17th The essential Gospel - Why personal peace and affluence still
aren't enough.
This class took the overlap of the previous topic - on issues in Christian
ethics. Christians live in a state of tension between two "realms": How do
we live in a sinful world and love our sinful neighbors? A Comparison of
three positions on the Law and Ethics: Legalism - Principles -
Situationalism. God's Character is our model for ethics - and priorities - a
focus on redemptive activity. I also presented a chart I put together The
Essential Gospel comparing the differences in presenting the basic Gospel
message in a modernist as compared to a postmodernist context.The Postmodern
Conversion Process: from Jimmy Long.
j.. May 24th Paganism Old and New - Modern science and the new
spiritualities.
I had started several weeks before working on the subject of Modern
Science, another topic I would be discussing. I already had Masks of the
Universe by Everett Harrision, which I began reading in depth early in my
course preparations, and God and the New Physics by Paul Davies. Browsing in
them made it clear that Modern science had begun to talk a lot about "God"
and that some of their conceptions were "pagan" I knew from Carl Sagan. Then
I found Soul: God, Man and the New Cosmology by Angela Tilby (now out of
print - but check your library) - which I read through serveral times. I
watched Contact with Jodie Foster - struck with the religious issues it
addressed and in particular with the woman astronomer, at first unwilling to
believe in anything she could not test, then appearing before a Government
investigation - "I know what I've experienced, but I can't put it into
words." I also read The Big Shebang: A Report on the Universe(s) by Timothy
Ferris. Added to my handout materials were an article on the New Age from
Christianity Today and a chart from Unmasking the New Age by Grotius.
Browsing the Web found a considerable number of sites on Creation and
Evolution issues, as well as an interesting article on "B.B. Warfield:
Prophet for the Children of the New Age". But are Christians addressing the
four most significant scientific ideas that have shaken modern scientific
cosmology in the twentieth century: Einstein's Theories of Relativity; the
"Big Bang" concept of the origin of the Universe; Quantum Mechanics
(wierdness) and Chaos Theory - discoveries and thinking that have had a most
significant impact on contemporary thinking. This would be the subject of a
long essay and my class lecture. Judging on the rumblings from G.A. perhaps
I should lay low.
k.. May 31st How do we break through the walls of "secular humanism" and
"despair"?
By now I had read through several times the Christian books on
Postmodernism. I had also found a number of websites on the topic and in
particular a symposium on Christian Response to it: with a delightful
article on "Can you lead a deconstructed horse to water?". I began to gather
and summarize the practical ideas these men have suggested in dealing with
contemporary people - especially those who were postmodern in their
thinking - whether they were aware of it or not.
l.. June 7th Christ and culture - Five approaches to confronting the
"world".
[based on Richard Niebuhr's Christ and Culture - but then I found a Campus
website; and read Jimmy Long's chapter in Generating Hope.] Striking was the
diversity of opinions expressed by people in the class. I have not seen a
recent World Magazine article that someone in the class mentioned.
m.. June 14th The Arts and the Media - are they our friends or foes?
This topic seemed to have minimal source materials available. While
postmodern thinking has swept through our society by means of the commercial
revolution and the technological revolutions of media (film, music, TV and
fashion) and the arts (See Grenz Postmodern Primer), in particular
architecture and design: Christians have kept themselves at arms length and
uninvolved in the arts. For the former, I read Marshall McLuhan's
Understanding Media and the Medium and the Message; and browsed The
Gutenburg Galaxy, as well as Neil Postman's Amusing Ourselves to Death. For
the Latter Franky Schaeffer's Addicted to Mediocracy. Abraham Kuyper offers
his opinions on Calvinism and the Arts in Lectures on Calvinism. And for a
couple of nifty handouts were articles from Worship Leader Magazine - one on
Postmodern Worship. I have found afterwards that probably I should have done
work on the development of Consumerism - through the development of mass
production and modern advertizing (the Media - especially Television) - that
continues to have trememdous impact on our modern global culture and
thinking. A library Picture book The Look of the Century by Micheal Tambini
was passed around during the class. I did up overheads on Postmodern styles
of art - and how extensively they shape our media.
- Barry McWilliams Chapel Hill Presbyterian Church, Lake Stevens, Wa. Spring
1998