> news:5057E9F2...@nospam.net...
> >> >>> major school districts - even when poor children are compared with
> >> >>> other
> >> >>> poor children. 33% of poor fourth graders in the U.S. lack basic
> >> >>> skills
> >> >>> in math, but in Washington D.C., it's 62%.[82]"]
>
> >> >> And that's EXACTLY the way democrats want it.
>
> >> >> "It's official: Obama and the Democrats kill the D.C. school voucher
> >> >> program"
>
> >> >>
http://tinyurl.com/y9dkbrp
>
> >> >> -Eddie Haskell
>
> >> > Great!
>
> >> > Another attempt to funnel tax money into religious and private schools
> >> > has bee defeated.
>
> >> > JAM
>
> >> What happened to CHANGE and why don't you Libs support CHOICE?
>
> >> --
>
> >> *Rumination*
> >> #67 - The least government necessary is the best government possible.
>
> > Because your choice is just a euphemism for diverting tax money from the
> > public schools and into the religious and private schools.
>
> So fucking what, you goddamn intolerant control freak? Oh, look. There's
> little Johnny. Go fuck him out of an education in service of your corrupt
> DNC masters.
>
> We'll never make progress with these fucking "progressives" in this country,
> folks.
>
> -Eddie Haskell
its so easy to fool a conservative:after all, conservatism is a form
of mental illness:)a 2007 selective exposure study found Republicans
overwhelmingly chose to read fake articles labeled with the Fox News
logo:but chose a story running under a CNN or NPR logo just 10
percent
of the time
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chris-mooney/want-to-understand-republ_...
Chris Mooney
Author, 'The Republican War on Science' and 'The
Republican Brain'
Want to Understand Republicans? First Understand Evolution
Posted:
02/ 8/2012 10:26 am
Earlier this week, yesterday's Republican primary champ Rick Santorum
called global warming a "hoax." Yes, a hoax. In other words,
apparently scientists are in a global cabal to needlessly alarm us
about what's happening with the climate -- and why would they do such
a thing?
Well, presumably to help advance an economy-choking agenda
of global
governance -- or perhaps, to line their own pockets with
government
research grants. Seriously.
Santorum's absurd global
warming conspiracy theory is the kind of
thing that absolutely
outrages liberals -- but to my mind, they really
ought to be getting
used to it by now. From global warming denial to
claims about "death
panels" to baseless fears about inflation, it
often seems there are
so many factually wrong claims on the political
right that those who
make them live in a different reality.
So here's an idea: Maybe they
actually do. And maybe we can look to
science itself -- albeit,
ironically, a body of science whose
fundamental premise (the theory
of evolution) most Republicans deny
-- to help understand why it is
that they view the world so
differently.
In my last piece here, I
commented on the growing body of research
suggesting that the
difference between liberals and conservatives is
not merely
ideological in nature. Rather, it seems more deeply rooted
in
psychology and the brain -- with ideology itself emerging as a kind
of by-product of fundamentally different patterns of perceiving and
responding to the world that spill over into many aspects of life,
not
just the political.
To back this up, I listed seven published
studies showing a consistent
set of physiological, brain, and
"attentional" differences between
liberals and conservatives. Later
on my blog, I listed no less than
eleven studies showing genetic
differences as well.
Last month, yet another scientific paper on this
subject came out --
from the National Science Foundation-supported
political physiology
laboratory at the University of Nebraska-
Lincoln. The work, published
in Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society B (free version
here), goes further still in helping us
understand how biological and
physiological differences between
liberals and conservatives may lead
to very different patterns of
political behavior.
As the new research suggests, conservatism is
largely a defensive
ideology -- and therefore, much more appealing to
people who go
through life sensitive and highly attuned to aversive
or threatening
aspects of their environments. By contrast, liberalism
can be thought
of as an exploratory ideology -- much more appealing
to people who go
through life trying things out and seeking the new.
All of this is reflected, in a measurable way, in the physiological
responses that liberals and conservatives show to emotionally
evocative but otherwise entirely apolitical images -- and also to
images of politicians, either on their own side or from across the
aisle.
To show as much, the Nebraska-Lincoln researchers had liberals
and
conservatives look at varying combinations of images that were
meant
to excite different emotions. There were images that caused
fear and
disgust -- a spider crawling on a person's face, maggots in
an open
wound -- but also images that made you feel happy: a smiling
child, a
bunny rabbit. The researchers also mixed in images of
liberal and
conservative politicians -- Bill and Hillary Clinton,
Ronald Reagan
and George W. Bush.
While they did all of this, the
scientists measured the subjects'
"skin conductance" -- the
moistening of their sweat glands, an
indication of sympathetic
nervous system arousal -- as well as where
their eyes went first and
how long they stayed there.
The difference was striking:
Conservatives showed much stronger skin
responses to negative images,
compared with the positive ones.
Liberals showed the opposite. And
when the scientists turned to
studying eye gaze or "attentional"
patterns, they found that
conservatives looked much more quickly at
negative or threatening
images, and spent more time fixating on them.
Liberals, in contrast,
were less quickly drawn to negative images --
and spent more time
looking at positive ones.
Similar things have
been found before -- but the big breakthrough in
the new study was
showing that these tendencies carried over perfectly
to the different
sides' responses to images of politicians.
Conservatives had stronger
rapid fire physiological responses to
images of Bill and Hillary
Clinton -- apparently perceiving them much
as they perceive a threat.
By contrast, liberals showed stronger
responses to the same two
politicians, apparently perceiving them much
as they perceive an
appetitive or positive stimulus.
As the authors concluded, "The
aversive in life is more
physiologically and cognitively tangible to
some people and they tend
to gravitate to the political right."
What
does this mean?
To my mind, it means it is high time to grapple with
a fact that we
like to conveniently ignore: the left and the right
are deeply
asymmetrical actors in our politics. If we could
acknowledge this, it
might explain an awful lot.
For instance,
consider a few observations that seem to take on new
resonance in
light of the latest research:
The Tea Party hates President Obama
much more intensely than liberals
love him. Or to state things less
judgmentally, there is an "intensity
gap," as the Pew Research Center
puts it, between the right's
political base and that of the left.
As
of last May, for instance, 84 percent of staunch conservatives
strongly disapproved of Obama's job performance, but only 64 percent
of solid liberals approved of it. Meanwhile, 70 percent of staunch
conservatives viewed Obama very unfavorably, but only 45 percent of
solid liberals had very favorable views of him.
What's going on here?
To conservatives, the new research implies,
President Obama may
literally be an aversive and threatening stimuli
(or, perhaps, a
disgust-evoking one). They fixate on him, and respond
to him,
physiologically, in a defensive fashion.
For liberals, in contrast,
Obama was surely once very appealing,
perhaps circa 2008, and excited
positive and appetitive emotions. But
they've since grown bored or
disillusioned with him and gone on to
sample many other things in the
environment -- like Occupy Wall Street
-- always exploring and
searching for the new. (All of which,
incidentally, may translate
into a very serious electoral disadvantage
this fall.)
Conservatives
opt for Fox News much more strongly than liberals opt
for any single
outlet. In a 2007 "selective exposure" study by
Stanford researcher
Shanto Iyengar, it was found Republicans
overwhelmingly chose to read
fake articles labeled with the "Fox News"
logo, but chose a story
running under a CNN or NPR logo just 10
percent of the time. By
contrast, Democrats in the study didn't like
Fox, but also didn't
show a strong affinity for a particular
alternative news source --
they seemed to sample information sources
more widely.
What's going
on here? One possibility is that in a political
environment filled
with perceived threats, Fox helps conservatives
feel secure by giving
them ideologically consistent and reassuring
information.
Alternatively, perhaps Fox's constant negative framing of
liberals,
and of other news sources, appeals to or even excites
conservatives,
whipping them up for political battle.
Either way, liberals just
don't seem to need an outlet like Fox.
Again, they're busy chasing
after the new and different -- out
exploring, rather than hunkering
down.
The big question lying behind all this, of course, is why some
people
would have stronger and quicker responses than others to that
which is
perceived as negative and threatening (and disgusting). Or
alternatively, why some people -- liberals -- would be less threat
aversive than others. For as the University of Nebraska-Lincoln
researchers note: "given the compelling evolutionary logic for
organisms to be overly sensitive to aversive stimuli, it may be that
those on the political left are more out of step with adaptive
behaviors."
And thus are we drawn to the only context in which we can
make any
sense of any of this -- the understanding that we human
primates
evolved. As such, these rapid-fire responses to aversive
stimuli are
something we share with other animals -- a core part of
our life-
saving biological wiring.
And apparently, they differ in
strength and intensity from person to
person -- in turn triggering
political differences in modern
democracies. Who knew?
For now, I'll
leave it to others to speculate on the root causes of
these
differences. But whatever those may be, the perceptual gap
between
left and right certainly seems less than "adaptive" at the
present
moment. It may be the fault of biology that we're now
misfiring so
very badly -- clashing in ways that, as with the debt
ceiling fiasco,
could have gravely harmed everybody in America,
regardless of their
particular ideology.
The Nebraska-Lincoln scientists interpret their
results as a powerful
argument in favor of greater political
tolerance and understanding --
and I agree with them. Politics isn't
war, and it isn't zero sum. It
requires negotiation and compromise.
Surely our public debates should
be guided by something more than
threat responses and fight-or-flight.
So how do we get beyond our
political biology? Well, the implication
for liberals seems obvious:
If they want to fare better politically,
they need to learn to go
against their instincts and stay focused and
committed.
And the
lesson for conservatives? Well, here it is tougher. You see,
first
we'd have to get them to accept something they often view as
aversive
and threatening: The theory of evolution.