It is obvious that this is a question which can be decided only by
divine revelation. No one can
reasonably presume to decide how long the wicked are to suffer for
their sins upon any general
principles of right and wrong. The conditions of the problem are not
within our grasp. What the
infinitely wise and good God may see fit to do with his creatures; or
what the exigencies of a
government embracing the whole universe and continuing throughout
eternal ages, may demand, it
is not for such worms of the dust as we are, to determine. If we
believe the Bible to be the Word of
God, all we have to do is to ascertain what it teaches on this subject,
and humbly submit.
1. It is an almost invincible presumption that the Bible does teach the
unending punishment of the
finally impenitent, that all Christian churches have so understood it.
There is no other way in which
this unanimity of judgment can be accounted for. To refer it to some
philosophical speculation which
had gained ascendancy in the Church, such as the dualism of good and
evil as two coeternal and
necessary principles, or the Platonic doctrine of the inherent
immortality and indestructible nature of
the human soul, would be to assign a cause altogether inadequate to the
effect. Much less can this
general consent be accounted for on the ground that the doctrine in
question is congenial to the
human mind, and is believed for its own sake, without any adequate
support from Scripture. The
reverse is the case. It is a doctrine which the natural heart revolts
from and struggles against, and to
which it submits only under stress of authority. The Church believes
the doctrine because it must
believe it, or renounce faith in the Bible and give up all the hopes
founded upon its promises. There is
no doctrine in support of which this general consent can be pleaded,
which can be shown not to be
taught in the Bible. The doctrines of the Trinity, the divinity of
Christ, the personality of the Holy
Spirit, the sinfulness of men, and others of a like kind, are admitted
to be Scriptural even by those
who do not believe them. The argument now urged, does not suppose the
Church to be infallible; nor
that the authority of the Church is the ground of faith; it only
assumes that what the great body of
the competent readers of a plain book take to be its meaning, must be
its meaning.
It is unreasonable to account for the general reception of the doctrine
in question on the ground of
church authority. It was universally received before the external
Church arrogated to itself the right
to dictate to the people of God what they must believe and it continued
to be received when, at the
Reformation, the authority of the Church was repudiated, and the
Scriptures were declared to be the
only infallible rule of faith and practice. Any man, therefore, assumes
a fearful responsibility who sets
himself in opposition to the faith of the Church universal.
2. It is admitted that the doctrine of the perpetuity of the future
punishment of the wicked was held
by the Jews under the old dispensation, and at the time of Christ.
Neither our Lord nor his Apostles
ever contradicted that doctrine. They reproved the false teachers of
their day for doctrinal errors on
many points, but they never corrected their faith in this doctrine.
They never teach anything
inconsistent with it. Their recorded instructions give no ground for a
belief either of the final
restoration of all rational creatures to the favour of God, or of the
annihilation of the wicked. The
passages which are appealed to by Universalists in support of their
doctrine admit of a natural and
simple interpretation in harmony with the general teaching of the Bible
on this subject. For example,
in Ephesians i. 10, it is said to be the purpose of God to bring into
one harmonious whole (or, as it is
expressed in Colossians i. 20, to reconcile unto Himself) all things,
i. e., all, who are in heaven and who
are on earth. The question is, who, or what are the all, who are to be
reconciled unto God? This
question must be answered by a reference to the nature of the thing
spoken of, and to the analogy of
Scripture. It cannot mean absolutely “all things,” the whole universe,
including sun, moon, and stars,
for they are not susceptible of reconciliation to God. For the same
reason it cannot mean all sensitive
creatures, including irrational animals. Nor can it mean all rational
creatures, including the holy
angels; for they do not need reconciliation. Nor can it mean all fallen
rational creatures, for it is
expressly taught, Hebrews ii. 16, that Christ did not come to redeem
fallen angels. Nor can it mean all
men, for the Bible teaches elsewhere that all men are not reconciled to
God; and Scripture cannot
contradict Scripture; for that would be for God to contradict Himself.
The “all” intended is the “all”
spoken of in the context; the whole body of the people of God; all the
objects of redemption.
For those of you with an interest in learning about Augustinianism and
Predestination as well as other
fascinating topics, you will find lots of articles to read or listen to
on your mp3 player, while at home or
at work, from these websites:
*See especially* :
http://www.the-highway.com/Calvinism_Meeter.html
http://monergism.com/
http://monergism.com/mp3/
http://monergism.com/thethreshold/articles/onsite/whatismonergism2.html
http://calvinistcorner.com/predestination/
http://ccel.org/
http://reformed.org/calvinism/
http://reformedreader.org/
http://carm.org/predestination-and-election
http://the-highway.com/predestination_index.html
http://albatrus.org/english/theology/predestination/verses_concerning_predestination.htm
http://philofreligion.homestead.com/main.html
http://philofreligion.homestead.com/plantingapage.html
http://nicenecouncil.com/media/
http://the-highway.com/calvinism.html
http://evolutionfacts.blogspot.com/
http://scienceagainstevolution.org/
http://leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/
http://wordofhisgrace.org/science.html
http://godandscience.org/
http://www.evidenceforchristianity.org/
http://www.whitehorseinn.org/
http://spurgeon.org/~phil/hall.htm
http://homepage.mac.com/shanerosenthal/reformationink/classic.htm
http://wabashcenter.wabash.edu/resources/result_browse.aspx?topic=675&pid=650
http://puritansermons.com/toc.htm
http://grmi.org/renewal/Richard_Riss/evidences/