SHOOTING THE 6
http://personal.stevens.edu/~gliberat/carcano/emary.html
____________________________________________________________
Shooting the 6.5 X 52 mm, 7.35 x 51mm Cartridges and the Carcano
Rifles,
an article by Dave Emary, Senior Ballistician of Hornady Manufacturing
____________________________________________________________
The 6.5 X 52 mm cartridge has taken a great deal of criticism as being
underpowered and anemic. From a ballistic standpoint this is a little
hard to justify. The Swedish 6.5 X 55 mm cartridge is considered an
outstanding cartridge yet it is only able to produce 100 fps more
velocity with a 156-grain bullet in the M96 rifle. The 6.5 X 55
requires a maximum average pressure of 55,000 psi and approximately 6
more grains of powder to produce this meager gain in performance. The .
30-30 Winchester, regarded as an adequate deer rifle and known to have
killed many moose and bear produces 2,220 fps in a 24” barrel with a
170 grain bullet. The 6.5 X 52 mm fires a bullet with a higher
ballistic coefficient, at a higher velocity, shoots flatter and has
far more penetration capability than the .30-30. From the standpoint
of a service rifle cartridge the 6.5 X 52 with its relatively low
operating pressure, coupled with its modest powder charge would result
in much less barrel throat erosion and wear. This would equate to
longer barrel life and decreased operating cost. In fact, much of what
was done in the Carcano rifle/ammunition system was aimed at long
barrel life, as will be shown later. From my point of view the 6.5 X
52 is a very efficient cartridge, offering adequate performance for
what it was intended.
The only fault that one might level against the 6.5 X 52 as a military
cartridge is that it had relatively humane terminal ballistics. The
very long, blunt nosed bullet coupled with the fast twist rate of the
gun resulted in a bullet that was very stable with a very high
resistance to tumbling. The cartridge was known to have inflicted many
“through and through” wounds, just leaving a small wound channel. The
bullet typically would not tumble inside its’ target unless it
encountered something hard such as bone. When it did tumble the
wounding effect is well known.
____________________________________________________________
The original 6.5 X 52 mm Carcano design used a gain twist barrel. The
gain twist results in a very slow initial twist in the barrel
progressively getting faster until the full twist rate is attained at
the muzzle. The slow initial twist results in substantially less
torque being imparted to the bullet during the highest loading phase
of the interior ballistic cycle. This results in significantly less
barrel wear in the throat. This coupled with the very deep rifling of
the barrel would result in barrels that would have a very long wear
and accuracy life. This in fact is the case. Many M91 model rifles
show signs of considerable amounts of ammunition being fired through
them, because of the crazed/frosted condition of the bore, yet still
show very strong rifling and shoot well with the proper size bullets.
The 7.35 X 51 mm Carcano rifles used a standard fixed twist barrel.
The Carcano bolt is the model of a simple, easy to field strip bolt.
It is about as fool proof as you can get for a common soldier. The
Carcano trigger has taken a considerable amount of criticism. The
trigger is basically a Mauser type two-stage trigger. In almost all
cases if you find the trigger rough or creepy simply polishing the
sear and trigger mating faces result in a very acceptable trigger for
a military rifle. For the most part I have found Carcano triggers have
less creep, are more crisp and lighter than the majority of Mauser
triggers I have encountered.
The materials used in the Carcano are excellent. These rifles were
made from special steels perfected by the Czechs, for which the
Italians paid royalties. If you have ever tried doing any work on a
Carcano receiver you will find out just how hard and tough the steel
is. The Carcano has also received a reputation as being a “weak”
design. Nothing could be further from the truth. The Italians made a
small run of Carcanos early in WW II chambered for 8 X 57 JS. The
Germans rechambered some Carcanos to 8 X 57 JS late in WW II. These
rifles were also proofed for this cartridge. The CIP minimum suggested
proof pressure for the 8 x 57 JS cartridge is 73,500 psi. I hardly
call this a weak action.
____________________________________________________________
The Italians apparently realized that a 300-meter battle zero was a
bit impractical and with the introduction of the M38 models went to a
200 meter battle zero. This zero results in a maximum height of
trajectory of 5.5” – 6.5” at a range of approximately 100 yards,
depending on barrel length. With this sight setting, by simply holding
on the middle of the torso, it would have been hard to miss the target
out to about 220 meters. The Carcano’s also used a unique sight
picture. The proper sight picture for regulated sights on a Carcano is
with the front sight in the very bottom of the rear sight groove. This
is how the Italian army manuals instructed that the sights be used.
Potentially, this would allow for two battle sight settings. The
normal use as mentioned above would be a 200 meter zero. Using the
Mauser sighting method, the front sight level with the rear sight,
would result in a zero of 330 – 350 meters. This is about the maximum
range practical for attempting to engage a target with iron sights.
I contend with the Carcano the Italians had a very intelligent
approach for a battle rifle. The fixed sights were basically fool
proof. The Italians must have realized with the M38 models that nearly
all small arms engagements occurred inside of 200 meters. The fixed
sights with a 200 meter zero would have been fool proof for a soldier
under stress, who was probably a poor judge of distance to begin with.
The soldier would have had to do nothing but point and shoot at the
middle of his enemy for ranges out to 220 – 230 meters. How much more
simple and effective could it have been made.
____________________________________________________________
6.5 x 52 mm
The Carcano rifles are capable of outstanding accuracy. With the
exception of a military issue type load in the short carbines they are
very pleasant to shoot from a recoil standpoint. Because of the above
mentioned sight picture for the Carcano, front sight in the bottom of
the rear sight notch, it is very important to have a consistent stock-
cheek weld for consistent accuracy. It is often very helpful to use a
carbide lamp or a sight black product to blacken the sights, which
improves contrast and sight picture.
____________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION:
The 6.5 X 52 is a very useful and capable cartridge. It served well as
a military cartridge for over 80 years. The 7.35 X 51 would have been
an even more effective military cartridge than the 6.5 X 52 had its
timing been different. It is interesting to note that the .308
Winchester / 7.62 X 51 mm NATO and the 7.35 X 51 mm are nearly the
same dimensions. Both the 6.5 and 7.35 cartridges are fun to shoot and
properly loaded capable of very good accuracy. The Carcano rifle is a
well made rifle that is by no means weak or poorly manufactured. They
are reliable and strong rifles that are fun to shoot and offer a
tremendous variety of types and markings for the collector. I will
admit that they are a rather utilitarian rifle as compared to some
others. However, they are probably one of the most efficient, cost
effective, user friendly battle rifles produced in their era. The
rifle, ammunition combination properly loaded is capable of accuracy
that will rival the most accurate of the Mauser chamberings.
____________________________________________________________
Carcano Homepage: Italian Military Rifles and Carbines
http://personal.stevens.edu/~gliberat/carcano/
Worst Pieces of Crap That Have Ever Been Issued: 1. Rifles - Page 4
http://www.military-quotes.com / forum / worst-pieces-crap-have-e...
Now that we've heard from a real ballistic expert I'm wondering who
the pretend expert is on this blog. Could "mmarsh" possibly be one of
your relatives? You two certainly think alike and have a very similar
communication style.
Claviger, your expert singing the praises of the M/C rifle is a little
over-enthusiastic in his praise. Books on rifles written before the
assassination most always complained about the M/C. A few years back, in a
junk shop in Clovis, CA, I came across a WW-II era U.S. Army publication
written for soldiers and describing the weapons they would be likely to
encounter in combat. It called the M/C the worst rifle in use in the
world, and said one going into combat against those armed with M/C rifles
should feel lucky, or something like that. (Unfortunately, they wanted 40
bucks for the manual, and I didn't have the money.) Anyhow, researchers
such as Weisberg and Marsh collected quotes on the rifle--and the Army's
claims were not a fluke. No one outside the Oswald-did-it crowd considers
it a good rifle, although many consider it adequate.
To be fair, however, it appears the WW-II era problems with the rifle were
related more to its ammunition than to the rifle itself, and that the
rifle itself, when firing post WW-II ammunition, when properly sighted-in,
and when fired by someone who had practiced extensively with the rifle,
can be effective.
Of course, the rifle purportedly found in the TSBD was not properly
sighted-in, and Oswald had not practiced firing the rifle for months, if
ever. This suggests--presuming the rifle was the one that fired at least
two of the shots--that someone more practiced than Oswald did the firing.
And I saw a World War II Army film explaining to
troops going into combat that the German MG 42
machine gun was frightening, but not really an
effective machine gun. As long as the troops
kept their heads, they could generally defeat
troops using this machine gun.
In actual truth, the MG 42 machine gun was an
excellent and formidable weapon. Used up a lot
of ammunition in a hurry, took skill to aim
accurately, but was quite deadly and roar from
it was psychological effective, which is
important. Clearly the film to the troops
underrated it's effectiveness.
The makers of these films did not want the troops
to think the enemy had superior weapons and be
psyched out before going into battle. So, in
general, Allied films and manuals would not
err on the 'plus' side when describing enemy
weapons. The US films for the troops tended to
underrate German weapons and they probably did
the same with the Carcano rifles in the manuals.
> Of course, the rifle purportedly found in the
> TSBD was not properly sighted-in, and Oswald
> had not practiced firing the rifle for months,
> if ever. This suggests--presuming the rifle was
> the one that fired at least two of the
> shots--that someone more practiced than
> Oswald did the firing.
Scope taken off to check for fingerprints before
being tested. So it's impossible to tell if the
scope was adjusted correctly or not. Likely it
was not. But the iron sights were adjusted
correctly and Frazier was able to use them to
fire accurately 3 shot in 4.65 seconds. So Oswald
definitely had a rifle that was properly sighted
in. He need merely use the iron sights.
Since the bullets are purchased in boxes of
twenty and Oswald probably did not just throw
away bullets, he likely did get some practice,
although weeks or months earlier. He surely
did make at least 15 practice shots, maybe 35,
maybe 55. And surely extensive or recent
practice would not be needed for a target
less than 100 yards away.
**************************************************
A final point, the odds Oswald used a rifle that
was sighted in properly are way above 90%.
There are three possibilities:
1. The scope was adequately sighted. In which
case either used the scope or the iron sights.
In either case he used a properly sighted
rifle.
2. The scope was not adequately sighted, but
Oswald discovered this in his 15 practice shots.
So at Dealey Plaza, he used the iron sights.
In which case he used a properly sighted rifle.
3. The scope was not adequately sights. So
in his 15 practice shots, Oswald was not able
to hit anything. Nevertheless, Oswald elected
to go with the scope at Dealey Plaza.
Clearly, by any rational determination,
Possibility 3 is the least likely.
Yeah, perfectly sighted in for 200 yards or 200 meters.
Not for 88 yards or 120 feet.
Pat,
Here are some more expert opinions:
GUNS Magazine Annuals
http://www.gunsmagazine.com/Features/0807ITALY/F0807Italy.html
John Sheehan: How Did Such A Good Rifle Get Such A Bad Reputation?
6.5x52
http://www.chuckhawks.com/mannlicher-carcano_rifle.htm
Article: Those curious Carcanos: underappreciated for no real ...
http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-35688773_ITM
Carcanos being fired on YouTube:
YouTube - 1941 6.5 Mannlicher-Carcano (91/38) M1938 at 420 yards
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1ayL8RXJTs
YouTube - JFK 6.5 Mannlicher Carcano rifle myths
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGOQ2oebB2M
carcano vs melon
http://en.kendincos.net/video-hdnjtpvp-carcano-vs-melon.html
Experts? Is this anything like your claim that Donahue was an expert?
Or Weitzman?
I don’t think Dave Emary’s opinion should be taken lightly.
Bill Clarke
That is 200 meters, about 218 yards.
And yes, in general, that is not perfectly
sighted for a target 88 yards away, since
that will tend to cause the rifle to miss
5 inches high.
Unless, the target is moving almost directly away,
at 9 MPH, and one is firing down at a 13 degree
angle, which will cause one to miss 5 inches low.
In which cause, the rifle will be perfectly
sighted after all. Which was the case at
Dealey Plaza. By a fluke of history, the
Carcano sights provided the perfect lead for
the target at z312. And a fairly good lead for
the target at z222, within a couple of inches.
Your thought process is known as rationalization.
> Yeah, perfectly sighted in for 200 yards or 200 meters.
> Not for 88 yards or 120 feet.
Apparently the following information is too technical for you to
comprehend. What it says is the Carcano engineers changed the fixed sights
to a shorter range based on actual combat experience. To hit any man size
shape within 220 meters all the soldier had to do was aim at the middle of
the enemy body profile. This simple approach would compensate for
trajectory arc and produce more hits on target in the heat of combat.
Marsh seems to have particular trouble understanding ballistics and
marksmanship in general. I fear this trouble will remain until hell
freezes over.
I’ve pointed out this muzzle to 230 meter battle sight to him several
times now but he still doesn’t catch on.
Bill Clarke
Don't know about Weitzman but Donahue was definitely an expert based on
experience as a hunter, competition marksman, practicing gunsmith, gun
shop owner, trial work as an expert witness, and formal education from
George Washington University in Forensic Science.
Apples and oranges. The shooter in Dealey Plaza could not aim for the
middle of the body profile. What is suggested would work fine for soldiers
trained to fire rifles having a high curved trajectory with sights set at
200 meters. Totally appropriate. That is not how Oswald was trained.
Oswald was trained on an M-1 which has a very flat trajectory and
adjustable sights. Apples and oranges.
This is all correct. The classical case of
where adjustable sights did not work well
was the Battle of Beersheba in 1917 where
the British made the last successful British
cavalry attack in history, a few generations
after this should have been impossible. This
was a surprising result because Turkish troops
were often effective, as at Gallipoli.
In this battle, the British launched a desperate,
ill advised cavalry attack because they had to
capture the town's water wells in a hurry.
While for over the last sixty years cavalry
charges like this got shot to pieces, this one
succeeded. A British officer was perplex by this,
formed a theory and checked the captured rifles.
Sure enough, over 75% of the rifles adjustable
sights were set for 400 meters or more.
Most troops, even with adjustable sights,
are inaccurate at 400 meters or more.
So the troops set the sights for long range,
began firing at long range, mostly missing.
By the time the cavalry closed to the ranges
they should start getting lots of hits,
in the excitement of the moment, they forgot
to adjust the sights, causing the bullets to
go over the heads of the cavalry.
With Carcano rifles, this would not have
happened. The sights were not adjustable.
If they tried shooting at long ranges, they
would miss with the sights set improperly,
but they would have missed anyway. By the time
the cavalry closed to under 200 meters, they
would have gotten a lot of hits and the attack
would have failed.
Troops can get tired, have insufficient sleep,
thirsty, hungry, over stressed and hurried.
Having non adjustable sights is just one less
thing that can go wrong. They would probably
waste ammunition at over 230 meters anyway.
It's good to have good sights for when
decisive combat usually takes place, at
under 200 meters.
Horse apples perhaps. The 30-06 sighted in at 200 meters would be
around 2 inches high at 100 meters. Emary says the M/C sighted in at
200 meters will be 5.5 to 6.6 inches high at 100 meters, depending on
barrel length. I doubt the 4.5 inch max difference is going to change
the world with a rifle that shoots a 3 inch group if lucky and a 5
inch group if you aren’t lucky. This is with all due respect to the
Colonel’s fine article on the benefits of a flat trajectory which of
course is true.
You’ve told me that Oswald couldn’t familiarize himself with his rifle
(No, he couldn't, considering that even you couldn't figure it out) so
I assume he would have been unable to adjust his sights for a 100
meter shot, so much for the adjustable sights.
You trained with the M-1 just as you’d train with the M/C. A battle
sight that allows you to hit the target from muzzle to the limit of
the battle sight, depending on the weapon.
Bill Clarke
That is where short range makes a big difference. With his 4x power scope
he could aim for the middle of that enlarged target. As for training, we
do know from Marina that he spent time and effort learning to fire the
Carcano. Close range helps the less professional shooter. The bullet arc
for the Carcano didn't reach maximum height until a longer distance past
where the last shot took place.
With Oswald's rifle this DID happen, because his model and ammo produced
a very high midrange trajectory, just as illustrated by Whelan.
He could not even SEE the middle of his target. It was below the top of
the back seat. He could only see the shoulders and up.
> do know from Marina that he spent time and effort learning to fire the
> Carcano. Close range helps the less professional shooter. The bullet arc
Not much practice. Not much ammunition and not much access. Marina ONLY
saw him dry firing, which does not help him learn about the high curved
trajectory.
> for the Carcano didn't reach maximum height until a longer distance past
> where the last shot took place.
>
>
You have no facts to back up your guess. 265 yards is pretty damn close
to the midpoint for either 200 yards or 200 meters.
So you think that 2 inches is exactly the same as 6 inches. That
explains a lot. You flunked math. That's why you didn't go to college.
> the world with a rifle that shoots a 3 inch group if lucky and a 5
> inch group if you aren’t lucky. This is with all due respect to the
> Colonel’s fine article on the benefits of a flat trajectory which of
> course is true.
>
> You’ve told me that Oswald couldn’t familiarize himself with his rifle
> (No, he couldn't, considering that even you couldn't figure it out) so
> I assume he would have been unable to adjust his sights for a 100
> meter shot, so much for the adjustable sights.
>
> You trained with the M-1 just as you’d train with the M/C. A battle
> sight that allows you to hit the target from muzzle to the limit of
> the battle sight, depending on the weapon.
>
You seem to forget that the M-1 has adjustable iron sights and we have
the record of Oswald adjusting them at the range, but his
Mannlicher-Carcano model had FIXED iron sights which he could not adjust.
> Bill Clarke
>
That you think I believe 2 inches is the same as 6 inches says much
about your thinking. It is the 4 inch difference that I say is
relatively insignificant to your belief that it is apples and
oranges. I also believe this is due to you reading much but doing
little. I did in fact graduate from college and received a commission
in the U.S. Army the same day I received my diploma. How about you?
> > the world with a rifle that shoots a 3 inch group if lucky and a 5
> > inch group if you aren’t lucky. This is with all due respect to the
> > Colonel’s fine article on the benefits of a flat trajectory which of
> > course is true.
>
> > You’ve told me that Oswald couldn’t familiarize himself with his rifle
> > (No, he couldn't, considering that even you couldn't figure it out) so
> > I assume he would have been unable to adjust his sights for a 100
> > meter shot, so much for the adjustable sights.
>
> > You trained with the M-1 just as you’d train with the M/C. A battle
> > sight that allows you to hit the target from muzzle to the limit of
> > the battle sight, depending on the weapon.
>
> You seem to forget that the M-1 has adjustable iron sights and we have
> the record of Oswald adjusting them at the range, but his
> Mannlicher-Carcano model had FIXED iron sights which he could not adjust.
Are you under the silly impression that a soldier adjusts his sights
for range every time a new target pops up at a different range? Do
you understand battle sight or battle zero? I didn’t think so.
Bill Clarke
Confused again I see. Be advised, Marsh, that 265 yards pretty damn
well exceeds both 200 yards and 200 meters. Therefore, it cannot be
and can not be pretty damn close to the mid-point or mid-range for 200
yards or 200 meters.
And you claim I flunked math! Snicker.
Bill Clarke
And that was ideal for Oswald.
The limousine is moving. It moves two feet
between the time the bullet is fired and the
bullet reaches the limousine. That means that
at Oswald's angle, he will miss 4.5 inches
low.
But, using Dave Emary's Ballistic Coefficient
of 0.275, one can calculate that at 88 yards,
Oswald's rifle will miss 5.5 inches high.
Which works out almost perfectly for Oswald.
He should, in theory, miss only 1 inch high
and 1.5 inches to the left, at JFK's head
at z312.
This was unfortunate for JFK. Shooting at a
target which moves 24 inches by the time the
bullet gets there, with a rifle that shoots
high by 5.5 inches, one may tend to miss
anywhere in-between 0 and 29 inches,
depending on the angle. But because the angle
was almost perfect for Oswald, he would only
tend to miss by under 2 inches.
> > do know from Marina that he spent time and effort learning to fire the
> > Carcano. Close range helps the less professional shooter. The bullet arc
> Not much practice. Not much ammunition and not much access. Marina ONLY
> saw him dry firing, which does not help him learn about the high curved
> trajectory.
Maybe he didn't need to learn it at short range.
> > for the Carcano didn't reach maximum height until a longer distance past
> > where the last shot took place.
> You have no facts to back up your guess. 265 yards is pretty damn close
> to the midpoint for either 200 yards or 200 meters.
The last shot took place only 40% down range of 200 meters.
265 ft = 81 meters = .40 (200 m) ...... [81 is 40% of 200]
So you think the shooter was aiming for the neck? Is that how Marines
are taught or does that reveal that it wasn't a Marine who did the shooting?
>>> do know from Marina that he spent time and effort learning to fire the
>>> Carcano. Close range helps the less professional shooter. The bullet arc
>> Not much practice. Not much ammunition and not much access. Marina ONLY
>> saw him dry firing, which does not help him learn about the high curved
>> trajectory.
> Maybe he didn't need to learn it at short range.
>
Maybe you aren't paying attention.
>>> for the Carcano didn't reach maximum height until a longer distance past
>>> where the last shot took place.
>> You have no facts to back up your guess. 265 yards is pretty damn close
>> to the midpoint for either 200 yards or 200 meters.
> The last shot took place only 40% down range of 200 meters.
>
> 265 ft = 81 meters = .40 (200 m) ...... [81 is 40% of 200]
>
>
Which is very close to the midrange height crossover.
You think a difference of 1/2 inch is significant versus 6 inches?
265 FEET, the distance the WC claimed for a shot at Z-313.
So you think that shooting 4 inches high is accurate?
But you said YARDS. Please be clear.
Bill Clarke
I think with a rifle that could have been shooting a 3 inch to 5 inch
group the 4 inches you mentioned becomes rather irrelevant.
Of course I don’t consider a rifle shooting a 5 inch group accurate to
begin with. I can cover 3 rounds of my 22-250 with a dime at 100 yards.
That is accurate.
Bill Clarke
> >>> do know from Marina that he spent time and effort learning to fire the
> >>> Carcano. Close range helps the less professional shooter. The bullet arc
> >> Not much practice. Not much ammunition and not much access. Marina ONLY
> >> saw him dry firing, which does not help him learn about the high curved
> >> trajectory.
> > Maybe he didn't need to learn it at short range.
> Maybe you aren't paying attention.
I'm paying close attention to everything you say, which is convincing
me with every response you make that you don't have a clue what you
are talking about.
> >>> for the Carcano didn't reach maximum height until a longer distance past
> >>> where the last shot took place.
> >> You have no facts to back up your guess. 265 yards is pretty damn close
> >> to the midpoint for either 200 yards or 200 meters.
> > The last shot took place only 40% down range of 200 meters.
>
> > 265 ft = 81 meters = .40 (200 m) ...... [81 is 40% of 200]
>
> Which is very close to the midrange height crossover.
> You think a difference of 1/2 inch is significant versus 6 inches?
I think you have no idea what "Battle Zero" means for a military rifle
or what "point blank range" means that is created by open sights set
at 200 m battle zero.
Ok, fine. So the TSBD shoot aims at the middle of the head, exactly where
the HSCA said there was a bullet wound, but the defective
Mannlicher-Carcano sends that bullet 8 inches above the line of sight.
Then where does the bullet hit, genius?
So indeed you do call missing by 4 inches accurate.
> Of course I don’t consider a rifle shooting a 5 inch group accurate to
> begin with. I can cover 3 rounds of my 22-250 with a dime at 100 yards.
> That is accurate.
>
Yeah, at the bottom of the target, not in the bullseye.
> Bill Clarke
Some other WC defender realized it was only a typo.
Accuracy is as accuracy does. A 3 to 5 inch grouping can be
inaccurate, yet one of that group can land smack in the upper part of
someone's head.
In both of the shots that hit JFK, Oswald could have been aiming for
the head.
***Ron Judge
Well genius, what if the shooter wasn’t aiming at the head. What if he
was aiming for the largest part of the target as he was trained to do in
the Marines? That would be somewhere around the base of the neck and
shoulders. Then add the elevation of the mid-range trajectory and where
does that put the bullet?
And where do you come up with this 8 inches. Emary says 5.5 to 6.5 inches
depending on barrel length. Have you added to the barrel length of
Oswald’s weapon?
Bill Clarke
Stop trying to put words into what I say, as you say. I said it was
irrelevant in this case.
> > Of course I don’t consider a rifle shooting a 5 inch group accurate to
> > begin with. I can cover 3 rounds of my 22-250 with a dime at 100 yards.
> > That is accurate.
>
> Yeah, at the bottom of the target, not in the bullseye.
Actually 1.5 inches above the bull at 100 yards. That way I can
pretty well hold dead on out to 200 yards. Now, see how that works?
Bill Clarke
I’m sorry Marsh. Guess I was shocked that you could make any
mistake. Even one so small as a typo.
Bill Clarke
Certainly true and I believe that is what happened.
> In both of the shots that hit JFK, Oswald could have been aiming for
> the head.
>
He could have been. I’d call it a lucky shot (moving target + shooter
error + rifle error) except he made two hits out of three and I think
that takes the luck out of it. I wonder if he wasn’t aiming lower at
the base of the neck but we’ll never know.
Bill Clarke
Where was he aiming? If the scope was sighted in correctly at 100
yards by LHO himself, then he did some accurate shooting at the middle
of the picture in his scope. If the scope was off high to the right
then he probably stopped following on trigger pull, but the moving
vehicle put the target back on trajectory. Even so he was close to
vertical centerline on both shots. I think FBI agent Robert A Frazier
got it right. The defective scope made up for a any slow lead.
Again you are clueless, so you guess. Adding to the barrel length of
Oswald's rifle would have had the opposite effect.
That could well be.
Bill Clarke
Of course you are right here. I guess I just had a senior moment.
And I can’t even blame it on a typo.
So, where’d you get the 8 inches?
Bill Clarke
Joe,
Arguing ballistics with Anthony is like teaching a pig to sing. He
simply does not comprehend the subject.
I would also add that the BC of .275 is not calculated with rifling
marks as a consideration. The correct BC is .283, not significant
really, but accurate.
Mike
You seem to be arguing with Whiskey Joe.
I did not see anything I have said which you are trying to refute.