On 9/13/2012 4:22 PM, John Reagor King wrote:
> In article <
1592579e-d77c-4b76...@googlegroups.com>,
> ss679x <
ss6...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> And yet do you not cling to the silly idea that the fatal headshot at Z313
>> that fragmented
>
> Why is that idea "silly," exactly? It is not at all uncommon for
> bullets to fragment when striking hard bone.
>
>> and the 'magic bullet' that went through two people and
>> supposedly ended up in nearly-pristine condition both came from the same ammo
>> and the same gun?
>
> That bullet did not strike bone that was as hard as the bone of the skull.
Oh, you mean like the radius, the thickest bone in the human body.
I suggest that you look at the photos of bullets that Dr. Alfred Olivier
shot into cadaver wrists and then claim they came out pristine.
Mr. SPECTER. And was a series of tests performed under your supervision
on the portions of human cadavers simulated to the wound inflicted on
the wrist of Governor Connally?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. Were you familiar with the nature of the wound on
Governor Connally's wrist prior to performing those tests?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes, 1 was.
Mr. SPECTER. What was the source of your information on those wounds?
Dr. OLIVIER. I had read the surgeon's report, also talked with Dr.
Gregory, the surgeon who had done the surgery, and had looked at the X-rays.
Mr. SPECTER Had you had an opportunity to discuss the wounds with
Dr. Gregory and view the X-rays taken at Parkland Hospital, here in the
Commission headquarters?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes; I did.
Mr. SPECTER. On April 21, 1964?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. I now hand you an X-ray marked as Commission Exhibit
854, and ask you what that depicts?
Dr. OLIVIER. This is a comminuted fracture of the distal end of the
radius of a human arm.
Mr. SPECTER. And in what manner was that wound caused?
Dr. OLIVIER. It was caused by a bullet from the Commission Exhibit
139. This was again the 6.5-millimeter Mannlicher- Carcano Western
ammunition lot 6,000.
Mr. SPECTER. Fired at what distance?
Dr. OLIVIER. Fired at a distance of 70 yards.
Mr. SPECTER. And was there anything protecting the wrist at the
time of impact?
Dr. OLIVIER. Not protection but there was again clothing, this time
suit material or suit lining, at least suit material and shirt. I am not
sure about the lining. I can tell you. I have it right here. Suit
material, suit lining material, and shirt material.
Mr. SPECTER. I now hand you a photograph marked as Commission
Exhibit 855 and ask you what that represents?
Dr. OLIVIER. This is a photograph taken from the X-ray, Commission
Exhibit 854.
Mr. SPECTER. Will you describe for the record the details of the
injuries shown on 854 and 855, please?
Dr. OLIVIER. This is a comminuted fracture of the distal end of the
radius. It was struck directly by the bullet. It passed through, not
directly through but through at an oblique angle so that it entered more
proximal on the dorsal side of the wrist and distal on the volar aspect.
Mr. SPECTER. How does the entry and exit compare with the wound on
Governor Connally which you observed on the X- rays?
Dr. OLIVIER. In this particular instance to the best of my memory
from looking at the X-rays, it is very close. It is about one of the
best ones that we obtained.
Mr. SPECTER. Is there any definable difference at all?
Dr. OLIVIER. I couldn't determine any.
Mr. SPECTER. It is close, you say?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes. If I had both X-rays in front of me if there was
a difference I could determine it, but from memory I would say it was
for all purposes identical.
Mr. SPECTER. I now hand you a bullet in a case marked Commission
Exhibit 856 and ask if you have ever seen that before?
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Dr. OLIVIER. Yes. This is the bullet that caused the damage shown
in Commission Exhibits Nos. 854 and 855.
Mr. SPECTER. Would you describe that bullet for the record, please?
Dr. OLIVIER. The nose of the bullet is quite flattened from
striking the radius.
Mr. SPECTER. How does it compare, for example, with Commission
Exhibit 399?
Dr. OLIVIER. It is not like it at all. I mean, Commission Exhibit
399 is not flattened on the end. This one is very severely flattened on
the end.
Mr. SPECTER. What was the velocity of the missile at the time it
struck the wrist depicted in 854 and 855?
Dr. OLIVIER. The average striking velocity was 1,858 feet per second.
Mr. SPECTER. Do you have the precise striking velocity of that one?
Dr. OLIVIER. No; I don't. We could not put velocity screen in front
of the individual shots because it would have interfered with the
gunner's view. So we took five shots and got an average striking velocity.
Mr. SPECTER. When you say five shots with an average striking
velocity, those were at the delineated distance without striking
anything on those particular shots?
Dr. OLIVIER. Right, and after establishing that velocity, then we
went on to shoot the various arms.
Mr. SPECTER. And what was the exit velocity?
Dr. OLIVIER. On this particular one?
Mr. SPECTER. If you have it?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes. Well, I don't know if I have that or not. We
didn't get them in all because some of these things deflect. No, I have
no exit velocity on this particular one.
Mr. SPECTER. What exit velocity did you get on the average?
Dr. OLIVIER. Average exit velocity was 1,776 feet per second. This
was for an average of seven. We did 10. We obtained velocity on seven.
Mr. SPECTER. Would the average reduction be approximately the same,
in your professional opinion, as to the bullet exiting from the wrist
depicted in 854 and 855?
Dr. OLIVIER. Somewhat. Let me give you the extremes of our
velocities. The highest one was 1,866 and the lowest was 1,664, so there
was a 202-feet-per-second difference in the thing. Some of the cases
bone was missed, in other cases glancing blows. But I would say it is a
close approximation to what the exit velocity was on that particular one.
Mr. SPECTER. And what would the close approximation be, the average?
Dr. OLIVIER. The average.
Mr. SPECTER. Would you compare the damage, which was done to
Governor Connally's wrist, as contrasted with the damage to the wrist
depicted in 854 and 855?
Dr. OLIVIER. The damage in the wrist that you see in the X-ray on
854 and 855, the damage is greater than was done to the Governor's
wrist. There is more severe comminution here.
Mr. SPECTER. How much more severe is the comminution?
Dr. OLIVIER. Considerably more. If I remember correctly in the
X-rays of the Governor's wrist, I think there were only two or three
fragments, if that many. Here we have many, many small fragments.
Mr. SPECTER. In your opinion, based on the tests which you have
performed, was the damage inflicted on Governor Connally's wrist caused
by a pristine bullet, a bullet fired from the Mannlicher-Carcano rifle
6.5 missile which did not hit anything before it struck the Governor's
wrist?
Dr. OLIVIER. I don't believe so. I don't believe his wrist was
struck by a pristine bullet.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the reason for your conclusion on that?
Dr. OLIVIER. In this case I go by the size of the entrance wound
and exit wound on the Governor's wrist. The entrance wound was on the
dorsal surface, it was described by the surgeon as being much larger
than the exit wound. He said he almost overlooked that on the volar
aspect of the wrist.
In every instance we had a larger exit wound than an entrance wound
firing
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with a pristine bullet apparently at the same angle at which it entered
and exited the Governor's wrist.
Also, and I don't believe they were mixed up on which was entrance
and exit. For one thing the clothing, you know, the surgeon found pieces
of clothing and the other thing the human anatomy is such that I don't
believe it would enter through the volar aspect and out the top.
So I am pretty sure that the Governor's wrist was not hit by a
pristine or a stable bullet.
Mr. SPECTER. What is there, in and of the nature of the smaller
wound of exit and larger wound of entrance in the Governor's wrist as
contrasted with a smaller wound of entrance and larger wound of exit in
854 and 855, which leads you to conclude that the Governor's wrist was
not struck by a pristine bullet?
Dr. OLIVIER. Do you want to repeat that question again?
Mr. SPECTER. What is there about the wound of entry or exit which
led you to think that the Governor's wrist wasn't struck by a pristine
bullet?
Dr. OLIVIER. Well, he would have had a larger exit wound than
entrance wound, which he did not.
Mr. SPECTER. And if the velocity of the missile is decreased, how
does that effect the nature of the wounds of entry and exit?
Dr. OLIVIER. If the velocity is decreased, if the bullet is still
stable, he still should have a larger exit wound than an entrance.
Now, on the other hand, to get a larger entrance wound and a
smaller exit wound, this indicates the bullet probably hit with very
much of a yaw. I mean, as this hole appeared in the velocity screen the
bullet either tumbling or striking sideways, this would have made a
larger entrance wound, lose considerable of its velocity in fracturing
the bone, and coming out at a very low velocity, made a smaller hole.
Mr SPECTER. So the crucial factor would be the analysis that the
bullet was characterized with yaw at the time it struck?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. Causing a larger wound of entry and a smaller wound of
exit?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. Now is there anything in the----
Dr. OLIVIER. Also at a reduced velocity because if it struck at
considerable yaw at a high velocity as it could do if it hit something
and deflected, it would have, it could make a larger wound of exit but
it would have been even a more severe wound than we had here. It would
have been very severe, could even amputate the wrist hitting at high
velocity sideways. We have to say this bullet was characterized by an
extreme amount of yaw and reduced velocity. How much reduced, I don't
know, but considerably reduced.
Mr. SPECTER. Does the greater damage, inflicted on the wrist in 854
and 855 than that which was inflicted on Governor Connally's wrist, have
any value as indicating whether Governor Connally's wrist was struck by
a pristine bullet?
Dr. OLIVIER. No; because holding the velocity the same or similar
the damage would be greater with a tumbling bullet than a pristine.
I think it reflects both instability and reduced velocity. You have
to show the two. I mean, the size of the entrance and exit are very
important. This shows that the thing was used when it struck. The fact
that there was no more damage than was done by a tumbling bullet
indicates the bullet at a reduced velocity. You have to put these two
things together.
Mr. SPECTER. Had Governor Connally's wrist been struck with a
pristine bullet without yaw, would more damage have been inflicted----
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. Than was inflicted on the Governor's wrist?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. So then the lesser damage on the Governor's wrist in
and of itself indicates in your opinion----
Dr. OLIVIER. That it wasn't struck by a pristine bullet; yes.
Mr. SPECTER. Are there any other conclusions which flow from the
experiments which you conducted on the wrist?
Dr. OLIVIER. We concluded that it wasn't struck by a pristine
bullet. Also drew the conclusion that it was struck by an unstable
bullet, a bullet at a much
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reduced velocity. The question that it brings up in. my mind is if the
same bullet that struck the wrist had passed through the Governor's
chest, if the bullet that struck the Governor's chest had not hit
anything else would it have been reduced low enough to do this, and I
wonder, based on our work--it brings to mind the possibility the same
bullet that struck the President striking the Governor would account for
this more readily. I don't know, I don't think you can ever say this,
but it is a very good possibility, I think more possible, more probable
than not.
The CHAIRMAN. What is more probable than not, Doctor?
Dr. OLIVIER. In my mind at least, and I don't know the angles at
which the things went or anything, it seems to me more probable that the
bullet that hit the Governor's chest had already been slowed down
somewhat, in order to lose enough velocity to strike his wrist and do no
more damage than it did. I don't know how you would ever determine it
exactly. I think the best approach is to find out the angles of flight,
whether it is possible. But I have a feeling that it might have been.
The CHAIRMAN. It might have been?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
The CHAIRMAN. The one that went through his chest went through his
hand also.
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes; and also through the President.
The CHAIRMAN. The first shot?
Dr. OLIVIER. Well, I don't know whether the first or second. The
first one could have missed. It could have been the second that hit both.
The CHAIRMAN. The one that went through his back and came out his
trachea?
Dr. OLIVIER. It could have hit the Governor in the chest and went
through because it had so little velocity after coming out of the wrist
that it barely penetrated the thigh.
The CHAIRMAN. May I ask one more question? Would you think that the
same bullet could have done all three of those things?
Dr. OLIVIER. That same bullet was capable.
The CHAIRMAN. Gone through the President's back as it did, gone
through Governor Connally's chest as it did, and then through his hand
as it did?
Dr. OLIVIER. It was certainly capable of doing all that.
The CHAIRMAN. It was capable?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
The CHAIRMAN. The one shot?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. Doctor Olivier, based on the descriptions of the wound
on the Governor's back, what in your opinion was the characteristic of
the bullet at the time it struck the Governor's back with respect to the
course of its flight?
Dr. OLIVIER. Let's say from the size of the wound as described by
the surgeon, it could have been tipped somewhat when it struck because
that is a fairly large wound. Another thing that could have done it is
the angle at which it hit. On the goat some of the wounds were larger
than others. On the goat material some of the wounds were larger than
others because of the angle at which it hit this material. The same
thing could happen on the Governor's back.
Mr. SPECTER. And how was that wound described with respect to its size?
Dr. OLIVIER. The Governor's wound?
Mr. SPECTER. On the Governor's back?
Dr. OLIVIER. About 3 centimeters at its largest dimension.
Mr. SPECTER. And would you have any view as to which factor was
more probable, as to whether it was a tangential strike on the
Governor's back, or whether there was yaw in the bullet at the time it
struck the Governor's back?
Dr. OLIVIER. I couldn't as far as being tangential. I couldn't
answer that, not knowing the position of the Governor. But it could have
been caused by a bullet yawing. I mean it would have made a larger
wound, as that was.
Mr. SPECTER. Is there any other cause which could account for that
type of a large wound on the Governor's back other than with the bullet
yawing?
Dr. OLIVIER. With this particular bullet those would be the two
probable causes of this wound of this size.
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Mr. SPECTER. And those two probable causes are what?
Dr. OLIVIER. One, the bullet hitting not perpendicular to the
surface of the Governor, in other words, hitting tangential at a slight
angle on his back so that it came in cutting the skin. Another, the
bullet hitting that wasn't perpendicular to the surface as it hit. The
bullet did go along, the surgeon described the path as tangential but he
is speaking of along the rib. It isn't clear it was, as it struck,
whether it was a tangential shot or actually perpendicular to the
Governor's back.
Mr. SPECTER. Permit me to add one additional factor which Dr. Shaw
testified to during the course of the proceeding after he measured the
angle of decline through the Governor; and Dr. Shaw testified that there
was a 25� to 27� angle of declination measuring from front to back on
the Governor, taking into account the position of the wound on the
Governor's back and the position of the wound on the Governor's chest
below the right nipple.
Now with that factor, added to those which you already know, would
that enable you to form a conclusion as to whether the nature of the
wound on the Governor's back was caused by yaw of the bullet or by a
tangential strike?
Dr. OLIVIER. I don't think I would want to say. If I could have
seen the Governor's wound, this would have been a help.
Mr. SPECTER. Would the damage done to the Governor's wrist indicate
that a bullet which was fired approximately 160 to 250 feet away with
the muzzle velocity of approximately 2,000 feet per second, would it
indicate that the bullet was slowed up only by the passage through the
Governor's body, in the way which you know, or would it indicate that
there was some other factor which slowed up the bullet in addition?
Dr. OLIVIER. It would indicate there was some other factor that had
slowed up the bullet in addition.
Mr. SPECTER. What is your reason for that conclusion, sir?
Dr. OLIVIER. The amount of damage alone; striking that end it would
have caused more severe comminution as we found. You know--if it hadn't
been slowed up in some other fashion. At that range it still had a
striking velocity of 1,858 or in the vicinity of 1,800 feet per second,
which is capable of doing more damage than was done to the Governor's wrist.
Mr. SPECTER. Had the same bullet which passed through the
President, in the way heretofore described for the record, then struck
the Governor as well, what effect would there have been in reducing its
velocity as a result of that course?
Dr. OLIVIER. You say the bullet first struck the President. In
coming out of the President's body it would have had a tendency to be
slightly unstable. In striking the Governor it would have lost more
velocity in his chest than if it had been a pristine bullet striking the
Governor's chest, so it would have exited from the Governor's chest I
would say at a considerably reduced velocity, probably with a good
amount of yaw or tumbling, and this would account for the type of wound
that the Governor did have in his wrist.
Mr. SPECTER. The approximate reduction in velocity on passage
through the goat was what, Doctor?
Dr. OLIVIER. The average velocity loss in the seven cases we did
was 82 feet per second.
Mr. SPECTER. If the bullet had passed through the President prior
to the time it passed through the Governor, would you expect a larger
loss than 82 feet per second resulting from the passage through the body
of the Governor?
Dr. OLIVIER. I am not sure if I heard you correctly. This is if it
hit the Governor without hitting the President or hitting the President
first?
Mr. SPECTER. Let me rephrase it for you, Dr. Olivier.
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes; please.
Mr. SPECTER. You testified that the bullet lost 82 feet per second
when it passed through the goat.
Dr. OLIVIER Yes.
Mr. SPECTER. Now what would your expectations be as to the
reduction in velocity on a bullet which passed through the Governor,
assuming that it struck nothing first?
Dr. OLIVIER. It would be greater; the distance through the
Governor's chest would have been greater.
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Mr. SPECTER. Would that be an appreciable or approximately the same?
Dr. OLIVIER. Can I bring in any other figures? Dr. Dziemian has
computed approximately what he thought it would have lost.
Mr. SPECTER. Yes, of course, if you have any other figure which
would be helpful.
Dr. DZIEMIAN. I believe you misunderstood Mr. Specter. I think you
gave the figure for the loss of velocity through the Governor's wrist
instead of through his chest.
Dr. OLIVIER. I am sorry. We were on the wrist; okay.
Mr. SPECTER. Let me start again then. In an effort to draw some
conclusion about the reduction in velocity through the Governor's chest,
I am now going back and asking you what was the reduction in velocity of
the bullet which passed through the goat?
Dr. OLIVIER. Yes; I did misunderstand you. I am sorry. The loss in
velocity passing through the goat was 265 feet per second.
Mr. SPECTER. Now, would that be the approximate loss in velocity of
a pristine bullet passing through the Governor?
Dr. OLIVIER. The loss would be somewhat greater.
Mr. SPECTER. How much greater in your opinion?
Dr. OLIVIER. Do you have that figure, Dr. Dziemian?
Dr. DZIEMIAN. I would say a pristine bullet of the Governor was
about half again thicker. It would be about half again as great
velocity, somewhere around 400.
Mr. SPECTER. Had the bullet passed through only the Governor,
losing velocity of 400 feet per second, would you have expected that the
damage inflicted on the Governor's wrist would have been about the same
as that inflicted on Governor Connally or greater?
Dr. OLIVIER. My feeling is it would have been greater.
Mr. SPECTER Had the bullet passed through the President and then
struck Governor Connally, would it have lost velocity of 400 feet per
second in passing through Governor Connally or more?
Dr. OLIVIER. It would have lost more.
Mr. SPECTER. What is the reason for that?
Dr. OLIVIER. The bullet after passing through, say a dense medium,
then through air and then through another dense medium tends to be more
unstable, based on our past work. It appears to be that it would have
tumbled more readily and lost energy more rapidly. How much velocity it
would have lost, I couldn't say, but it would have lost more.
Mr. SPECTER. Are there any indications from the internal wounds on
Governor Connally as to whether or not the bullet which entered his body
was an unstable bullet?
Dr. OLIVIER. The only thing that might give you an indication would
be the skin wound of entrance, the type of rib fracture and all that I
think could be accounted for by either type, because in our experiment
we simulated, although not to as great a degree, the damage wasn't as
severe, but I think it would be hard to say that.
One thing comes to my mind right now that might indicate it. There
was a greater flattening of the bullet in our experiments than there was
going through the Governor, which might indicate that it struck the rib
which did the flattening at a lower velocity. This is only a thought.
Mr. SPECTER. It struck the rib of the Governor?
Dr. OLIVIER. It struck the rib of the Governor at a lower velocity
because that bullet was less flattened than the bullet through the goat
material.
Mr. SPECTER. Based on the nature of the wound inflicted on the
Governor's wrist, and on the tests which you have conducted then, do you
have an opinion as to which is more probable on whether the bullet
passed through only the Governor's chest before striking his wrist, or
passed through the President first and then the Governor's chest before
striking the Governor's wrist?
Dr. OLIVIER Will you say that again to make sure I have it?
Mr. SPECTER. [To the reporter.] Could you repeat that question, please?
(The question was read by the reporter.)
Dr. OLIVIER. You couldn't say exactly at all. My feeling is that it
would be
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more probable that it passed through the President first. At least I
think it is important to establish line of flight to try to determine it.
Mr. SPECTER. Aside from the lines of flight, based on the factors
which were known to you from the medical point of view and from the
tests which you conducted, what would be the reason for the feeling
which you just expressed?
Dr. OLIVIER. Because I believe you would need that, I mean to
account for the damage to the wrist, I don't think you would have gotten
a low enough velocity upon reaching the wrist unless you had gone
through the President's body first.
Mr. SPECTER. The President's body as well as the Governor's body?
Dr. OLIVIER. As well as the Governor's.
Mr. SPECTER. Does the nature of the wound which was inflicted on
Governor Connally's thigh shed any light on this subject?
Dr. OLIVIER. This, to my mind, at least, merely indicates the
bullet at this time was about spent. In talking with doctor, I believe
it was Gregory, I don't think he did the operation on the thigh but at
least he saw the wound, and he said it was about the size of an eraser
on a lead pencil. This could be accounted for--and there was also this
small fragment of bullet in this thigh wound--this, to me, indicates
that this was a spent bullet that had gone through the wrist as the
Governor was sitting there, went through the wrist into his thigh, just
partly imbedded and then fell out and I believe this was the bullet that
was found on the stretcher.
> The first thing it struck, very much unlike the head shot, was the
> President's back and it passed all the way through him without striking
> any bone very directly, only barely nicking one of his vertebrae, then
> exited the front of his throat. This would quite obviously slow the
> bullet down, so that when it went into Connally's back it was not
> traveling as fast as it would have been had Connally's back been the first
Silly statement intended to deceive. Even without hitting the President
and going through his body first a bullet would be going slower by
traveling that extra 2 feet to Connally. But the Army tests showed that
going through JFK's neck would have slowed the bullet down by only 129
fps, so you are making a big deal out of a little difference.
That same loss of velocity could be accounted for by the shot being a
fouling shot.
> thing it struck. Now, inside his torso, of course it struck one of his
> ribs, but firstly that is not as hard a type of bone as the bones of the
> cranium, and as already stated, the bullet had already been slowed down by
> passage through another person first. The bullet was also quite obviously
> tumbling when it exited JFK's throat, because the entry in Connally's back
> was elongated, not circular. So it did not necessarily strike the rib
False logic. An elongated wound does not prove tumbling. Stop spreading
disinformation.
> nose first, which also would make a difference. It then exited his chest
> and smashed through his wrist, but obviously it would have been slowed
> down even further by the passage through Connally's torso, and after that
> was barely traveling fast enough to embed itself a little way into his
> thigh, and it did not damage the femur, so obviously this bullet was not
> traveling very fast at all by this point.
>
> And you are yet another of these people articulating the myth that the
> bullet was nearly pristine. It was not. The base of the bullet
> especially was severely flattened, and this is obvious from photographs in
> which the view is directly toward the base of the bullet. This is further
> evidence that the bullet was tumbling and did not strike either Connaly's
> rib or the bones of his wrist nose first.
>
Maybe you've never seen the very first photograph taken of the bullet
even before it became CE399. It was known as Q1.
http://the-puzzle-palace.com/FBI43646.jpg
> There isn't anything at all "magic" about this bullet. Its trajectory,
> its tumbling, and its reduction in velocity are all perfectly plausible to
> explain its lack of fragmentation.
>
> The head shot is an entirely different matter. There it did not pass
> through any object, hard or soft, before striking the skull, one of the
> hardest bones in the body, and thus its velocity was not reduced by
> passing through anything else first. It also almost certainly struck the
> skull nose first, as the lack of it passing through anything prior to that
> would have almost certainly resulted in a lack of any significant tumbling
> or yawing. It is perfectly plausible that that bullet would fragment and
> the other one wouldn't.
>
>> Ironically, the ITTC tests may have demonstrated that the bullets LHO was
>> supposed to have used were probably not used in the fatal headshot because
>> none of the test bullets fragmented.
>
> OIC, so because only one study failed to produce a fragmented bullet, that
> makes it very unlikely that the head shot to JFK fragmented? Is this what
> the majority of studies on 6.5 fmj bullets show? I rather doubt it. I'm
> looking up references now on the Internet, and though this isn't an actual
> "study," per se, I'm already finding a private gun enthusiast who said he
> shot a beaver in the head, that there was no exiting, and that the bullet
> had fragmented to particles no larger than grains of sand.
>
With a hunting round?
Apples and oranges.
Your typical illogic.