From Alexander Solzhenitsyn's great book, 200 Years Together It is at
http://200yearstogether.wordpress.com/2010/10/15/ while Professor
MacDonald's review is at
http://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/articles/MacDonald-Solzhenitsyn-200-Years-Together-21.html
Alexandr Solzhenitsyn's "During the Soviet-German War" Chapter 21 of 200
Years Together
Kevin MacDonald
August 15, 2010
Solzhenitsyn's Chapter 21, on the WWII years, is now available. See here,
and again notice the link requesting donations.) As elsewhere, it stresses
the reality behind Jewish complicity in Bolshevism. For example, he argues
that evacuations of Jews during WWII were done without publicity-mainly
because of sensitivity about German propaganda emphasizing
"Judeo-Bolshevism": "The Soviet leadership undoubtedly realized that they
gave a solid foundation to this propaganda during the 1920s and 1930s."
During the war, traditional anti-Jewish themes and hostility toward Jews
because of their role as an elite during the most horrific periods of Soviet
history was combined with a new accusation: That Jews served the Soviet
military disproportionately in positions where they were less likely to
suffer casualties. Solzhenitsyn's own personal experience is compelling:
"Yes, one could hear this among the soldiers on the front. And right after
the war - who has not experienced that? - a painful feeling remained among
our Slavs that our Jews could have acted in that war in more
self-sacrificing manner, that among the lower ranks on the front the Jews
could have been more represented."
Solzhenitsyn is not saying that Jews did not serve, but that they tended
to serve either as senior officers or support personnel, not as ordinary
soldiers in the front lines. The result was that Jews suffered lower
mortality rates:
What mattered is that not everybody could survive .. Meanwhile an
ordinary soldier, glancing back from the frontline, saw all too clearly that
even the second and third echelons of the front were also considered
participants of the war: all those deep rear headquarters, suppliers, the
whole Medical Corps from medical battalion to higher levels, numerous rear
technical units and, of course, all kinds of service personnel there, and,
in addition, the entire army propaganda machine, including touring
ensembles, front performance troops - they all were considered war veterans
and, indeed, it was apparent to everyone that the concentration of Jews was
much higher there than at the frontline.
Such personnel have a "completely different psychology" because being at
the front line is voluntary: "nobody would have forced him 'to hold the
position.'" He also provides examples of a Jew who left the frontline in
favor of a newspaper position, and he scoffs at a Jewish musician's claim to
have dug trenches: "As a war veteran, I say - an absolutely incredible
picture."
Similar attitudes were common in the American military during WWII, as
discussed in Dynamics of Prejudice [ Archived in DATA/Occidental
Quarterly ], by Bruno Bettelheim and Morris Janowitz, a volume in the
Studies in Prejudice series, published by the American Jewish Committee.
This is the same series that included the notorious The Authoritarian
Personality (by the Frankfurt School folks), so one should be wary of the
numbers. Nevertheless, using a sample of 150 soldiers, they found that a
substantial minority of the White soldiers interviewed regarded Jews as
tending to have rear echelon jobs (20%) or were poor combat soldiers (17%).
But in the end, Solzhenitsyn acknowledges that the actual data do not
allow for any firm conclusions: "Such anecdotal evidence cannot make up a
convincing argument for either side and there are no reliable and specific
statistics nor are they likely to surface in the future." Nevertheless, the
general picture one gets is that indeed Jews were less likely to put
themselves in harm's way.
Solzhenitsyn expresses amazement at the reaction of one Jew who felt that
the war was not really his war:
Of course, Stalin's regime was not any better than Hitler's. But for the
wartime Jews, these two monsters could not be equal! If that other monster
won, what could then have happened to the Soviet Jews? Wasn't this war the
personal Jewish war, wasn't it their own Patriotic War - to cross arms with
the deadliest enemy in all of Jewish history?
Even though this case is presented as nothing more than an anecdote,
Solzhenitsyn ascribes it to a lack of loyalty-an ancient and persistent
source of anti-Jewish attitudes. His treatment implies that such attitudes
are typical among Jews. Jews have proven they are good fighters by the
behavior of the Israeli army. But "their interest in this country is
partial. After all, they - even if many of them only unconsciously - saw
ahead looming in the future their very own nation of Israel."
As usual, Solzhenitsyn does not shy away from criticizing the facile
explanations of Jewish historians. Anti-Jewish attitudes increased
dramatically as Jewish evacuees from Eastern Europe mixed with non-Jewish
natives and with wounded Soviet military personnel in Central Asia. Here
traditional themes of anti-Semitism surfaced-Jewish lack of involvement in
physical labor, Jewish wealth (many Jewish evacuees were high-level
bureaucrats) and the involvement of Jews in sharp economic practices. A
Jewish author "explains" this as resulting from "Hitler's propaganda."
Solzhenitsyn mocks him:
What a dizzying revelation! How could Hitler's propaganda victoriously
reach and permeate all the Central Asia when it was barely noticeable at the
front with all those rare and dangerous-to-touch leaflets thrown from
airplanes, and when all private radio receiver sets were confiscated
throughout the USSR?
Anti-Jewish attitudes were also rife where Jews returned to areas formerly
occupied by the Germans. This was particularly the case in Ukraine, and
motivated by memories of the role of Jews in the Soviet repressions of the
1930s: "A secret German report from the occupied territories in October 1941
states that the 'animosity of the Ukrainian population against Jews is
enormous... they view the Jews ... as informants and agents of the NKVD,
which organized the terror against the Ukrainian people.'"
The organization of Ukrainian Nationalists of Bandera-Melnik (OUN) made
the following remarkable statement: "The Yids in the Soviet Union are the
most loyal supporters of the ruling Bolshevik regime and the vanguard of
Moscow imperialism in Ukraine. ... The Organization of Ukrainian
Nationalists considers the Yids as the pillar of the Moscow-Bolshevik
regime, while educating the masses that Moscow is the main enemy." Yaroslav
Stetzko (who in July 1941 was named the head of the Ukrainian government):
"The Jews help Moscow to keep Ukraine in slavery, and therefore, I support
extermination of the Yids and the need to adopt in Ukraine the German
methods of extermination of Jewry."
Solzhenitsyn often juxtaposes Jewish and Russian suffering but emphasizes
that Jewish suffering is better known. He describes Babi Yar, the site of
mass executions, mostly of Jews, by the Germans and notes that "the
executions at Babi Yar have become a symbol in world history." But
immediately after he writes that
it should be recalled that within a few kilometers from Babi Yar, in the
enormous Darnitskiy camp, tens of thousands Soviet prisoners of war,
soldiers and officers, died during the same months: yet we do not
commemorate it properly, and many are not even aware of it. The same is true
about the more than two million Soviet prisoners of war who perished during
the first years of the war.
So Russians actually suffered more than Jews, at least in terms of sheer
numbers, but the events are simply forgotten.
Similarly, Solzhenitsyn discusses a study claiming that 2,733,000 Jews
were lost during the war within the post-war Soviet boundaries from all
causes-55% of the Jewish population. Immediately thereafter he points out
that "the currently accepted figure for the total losses of the Soviet
population during the Great Patriotic War is 27,000,000 and it may be still
underestimated."
And even though the percentage losses of Jews were larger, the long term
effects have been more devastating for the Russians:
We must not overlook what that war was for the Russians. The war rescued
not only their country, not only Soviet Jewry, but also the entire social
system of the Western world from Hitler. This war exacted such sacrifice
from the Russian people that its strength and health have never since fully
recovered. That war overstrained the Russian people. It was yet another
disaster on top of those of the Civil War and de-kulakization - and from
which the Russian people have almost run dry.
Jews have recouped their population losses And the Holocaust has become a
prime source of identity for Jews and the prime rationalization for Israel.
The Russians are simply exhausted.
In the end, Solzhenitsyn believes that there is plenty of blame to go
around:
I fully agree with Hannah Arendt that the Jews of our century were equal
participants in the historical games of the nations and the monstrous
Catastrophe that befell them was the result of not only evil plots of the
enemies of mankind, but also of the huge fatal miscalculations on the part
of the Jewish people themselves, their leaders and activists.
But the Russians must look into the mirror as well. Russians need to
engage in self-criticism
despite the unbearable burden of realization that it was we, Russians,
who ruined our history - through our useless rulers but also through our own
worthlessness - and despite gnawing anxiety that this may be irreparable -
to perceive the Russian experience as possibly a punishment from the Supreme
Power. (my emphasis)
One wishes that Solzhenitsyn would have been more specific about what he
feels were the "fatal miscalculations" of the Jews that led to the
Holocaust. I suspect that the well-founded reality behind "Judeo-Bolshevism"
mentioned in this chapter and the aggressively hostile Jewish stance toward
the Czar leading up to the Revolution (which, as Chapter 5 shows, was
largely unwarranted) -would have been high on his list.
As for the Russians, the central fact is that their "useless leaders"
were not Russians during the period when they endured such horrifying losses
as a result of the actions of their own government. Their leaders were
ethnic outsiders - with Jews the preeminent and most loyal force.
Solzhenitsyn makes this clear in Chapter 18 and it is also asserted in a
recent Russian textbook that has drawn the fire of Jewish activists.
The real lesson here is the horrifying fate suffered by ethnic groups that
come under the control of a hostile, ethnically alien elite-a lesson that
White Americans would do well to heed.
Kevin MacDonald is editor of The Occidental Observer and a professor of
psychology at California State University-Long Beach. Email him
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