An excellent way to support male and female research mathematicians
with children is to allow research funds to be applied for childcare,
especially during conferences and research visits.  I obtained two
wonderful *unrestricted* summer grants from my home institution the
summer after I began my tenure-track job and the year before I was up
for tenure.  I used both for extended summer travel visits *and* for
daycare, not to mention airline tickets for my son and mathematician
husband.  These were research trips that benefited all of us.

However, once when gets tenure it is a different story.  The internal
grants for tenured faculty must be used for travel expenses only:
childcare and transporting children are not allowable expenses.

On the topic of conferences, I think people have no idea how much one
spends for reliable, safe childcare during such an event.  I just
organized an AMS sectional meeting this weekend and it cost $15 an
hour to hire a babysitter to take care of my one and five year-old.
This is money straight out of my pocket, and cannot be submitted to my
department or the NSF for reimbursement.